大學(xué)英語精讀第二冊第三課Lesson from Jefferson

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　　TEXT

　　Jefferson died long ago, but may of his ideas still of great interest to us.

　　Lessons from Jefferson

　　Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States, may be less famous than George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, but most people remember at last one fact about him: he wrote the Declaration of Independence.

　　Although Jefferson lived more than 200 years ago, there is much that we learn from him today. Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth. Here are some of the things he said and wrote:

　　Go and see. Jefferson believed that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and that personal investigation is important. When still a young man, he was appointed to a committee to find out whether the South Branch of the James River was deep enough to be used by large boats. While the other members of the committee sat in the state capitol and studied papers on the subject, Jefferson got into a canoe and made on-the-spot-observations.

　　You can learn from everyone. By birth and by education Jefferson belonged to the highest social class. Yet, in a day when few noble persons ever spoke to those of humble origins except to give an order, Jefferson went out of his way to talk with gardeners, servants, and waiters. Jefferson once said to the French nobleman, Lafayette, "You must go into the people's homes as I have done, look into their cooking pots and eat their bread. If you will only do this, you may find out why people are dissatisfied and understand the revolution that is threatening France."

　　Judge for yourself. Jefferson refused to accept other people's opinions without careful thought. "Neither believe nor reject anything," he wrote to his nephew, "because any other person has rejected or believed it. Heaved has given you a mind for judging truth and error. Use it."

　　Jefferson felt that the people "may safely be trusted to hear everything true and false, and to form a correct judgment. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter."

　　Do what you believe is right. In a free country there will always be conflicting ideas, and this is a source of strength. It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive. Though Jefferson was for many years the object of strong criticism, he never answered his critics. He expressed his philosophy in letters to a friend, "There are two sides to every question. If you take one side with decision and on it with effect, those who take the other side will of course resent your actions."

　　Trust the future; trust the young. Jefferson felt that the present should never be chained to customs which have lost their usefulness. "No society," he said, "can make a perpetual constitution, or even a perpetual law. The earth belongs to the living generation." He did not fear new ideas, nor did he fear the future. "How much pain," he remarked, "has been caused by evils which have never happened! I expect the best, not the worst. I steer my ship with hope, leaving fear behind."

　　Jefferson's courage and idealism were based on knowledge. He probably knew more than any other man of his age. He was an expert in agriculture, archeology, and medicine. He practiced crop rotation and soil conservation a century before these became standard practice, and he invented a plow superior to any other in existence. He influenced architecture throughout America, and he was constantly producing devices for making the tasks of ordinary life easier to perform.

　　Of all Jefferson's many talents, one is central. He was above all a good and tireless writer. His complete works, now being published for the first time, will fill more than fifty volumes. His talent as an author was soon discovered, and when the time came to write the Declaration of Independence at Philadelphia in 1776, the task of writing it was his. Millions have thrilled to his words: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal…"

　　When Jefferson died on July 4, 1826, the 50th anniversary of American independence, he left his countrymen a rich legacy of ideas and examples. American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson, Who believed that only a nation of educated people could remain free.

　　NEW WORDS

　　declaration

　　n. document containing an open public announcement 宣言

　　independence

　　n. freedom from the control of others 獨立

　　obtain

　　vt. get through effort 獲得

　　source

　　n. place from which sth. comes; place where a river starts (來)源;源頭

　　personal

　　a. done in person; belonging to a person 親自的;個人的

　　investigation

　　n. detailed or careful examination 調(diào)查

　　investigate

　　vt.

　　appoint

　　vt. put (sb.) in a position 任命

　　appointment

　　n.

　　committee

　　n. a group of people chosen for special duties 委員會

　　capitol

　　n. (美國)州議會大廈

　　canoe

　　n. light boat moved by a paddle 獨木舟

　　on-the-spot

　　a. at the place of the action 現(xiàn)場的

　　humble

　　a. low in position 地位低下的

　　origin

　　n. parentage; birth; beginning 血統(tǒng);出身;起源

　　gardener

　　n. person who works in a garden either for pay or as a hobby 園丁

　　waiter

　　n. person who serves food to the tables in a restaurant (男)侍者

　　nobleman

　　n. 貴族

　　dissatisfy

　　vt. hang over dangerously; utter a threat against 使不滿

　　threaten

　　vt. hang over dangerously; utter a threat against 威脅

　　threat

　　n.

　　reject

　　vt. refuse to take, believe, use of consider 拒絕

　　rejection

　　n.

　　nephew

　　n. the son of one's brother or sister

　　error

　　n. mistake; sth. done wrongly

　　false

　　a. not true or correct

　　judgment

　　n. opinion 判斷， 看法

　　hesitate

　　vi. feel doubtful; be undecided 猶豫，遲疑不決

　　hesitation

　　n.

　　prefer

　　vt. like better; choose (one thing) rather than (another) 更喜歡;寧愿

　　preference

　　n.

　　latter

　　a. nearer to the end 后面的.;后半的

　　n. the second of two persons or things just spoken of 后者

　　conflict

　　n. be opposed; clash 沖突

　　n. disagreement; clash; fight

　　unquestioning

　　a. given or done without question or doubt

　　agreement

　　n. having the same opinion(s); thinking in the same way 同意;一致的

　　criticism

　　n. unfavourable remarks of judgments 批評

　　critic

　　n. person who makes judgments about the good and bad qualities of sth.; person who points out mistakes 評論家;批評者

　　criticize

　　vt.

　　philosophy

　　n. 哲學(xué)

　　resent

　　vt. feel angry or bitter at 對...忿恨;對...不滿

　　action

　　n. the process of doing things; sth. done 行動過程;行動

　　custom

　　n. 習(xí)慣,風(fēng)俗

　　perpetual

　　a. never-ending; going on for a long time or without stopping 永恒的;連續(xù)不斷的

　　constitution

　　n. 憲法;章程

　　living

　　a. alive now 活(著)的

　　remark

　　vt. say; comment 說;評論說

　　n. 話語;評論

　　evil

　　n. sth. bad; sin 邪惡,罪惡

　　a. very bad 邪惡的,壞的

　　idealism

　　n. 理想主義;唯心主義

　　arch(a)eology

　　n. study of ancient things, esp. remains of prehistoric times 考古學(xué)

　　rotation

　　n. 輪作;旋轉(zhuǎn)

　　rotate

　　v.

　　conservation

　　n. protecting from loss of from being used up 保護(hù);保存

　　conserve

　　vt.

　　superior

　　a. good or better in quality or value 較好的;優(yōu)的

　　superiority

　　n.

　　existence

　　n. the state of existing 存在

　　influence

　　vt. have an effect on 影響

　　architecture

　　n. art and science of building 建筑術(shù);建筑學(xué)

　　constantly

　　ad. continuously; frequently 不斷地;經(jīng)常地

　　constant

　　a.

　　perform

　　vt. do, carry out 做,履行

　　talent

　　n. special natural ability 才能,天資

　　central

　　a. chief; main; most important 主要的

　　tireless

　　a. never or rarely getting tired

　　writer

　　n. a person who writes esp. as a way of earning money 作家

　　publish

　　vt. have (a book, etc.) printed and put on sale 出版

　　volume

　　n. book, esp. one of a set of books 卷;冊

　　thrill

　　vi. have a very exciting feeling 非常激動

　　self-evident

　　a. clear without proof 不言而喻的

　　create

　　vt. make (sth. that has not been made before) 創(chuàng)造

　　creation

　　n.

　　anniversary

　　n. the yearly return of a special date 周年紀(jì)念日

　　countryman

　　n. a person from one's own country 周胞

　　legacy

　　n. sth. that one person leaves to another when he dies 遺產(chǎn)

　　owe

　　vt. 欠(債等);應(yīng)把...歸功于

　　debt

　　n. something owed to someone else 債(務(wù))

　　educate

　　vt. train; teach how to read, write, think, etc.

　　PHRASES & EXPRESSIONS

　　go out of one's way (to do sth.)

　　take particular trouble; make a special effort 特地

　　leave...to

　　leave sb. in charge of 交托,委托

　　act on

　　act according to 按照...行事

　　leave behind

　　abandon; fall to take or bring 丟棄;留下,忘帶

　　in existence

　　existing 存在

　　above all

　　most important of all 首先,尤其是

　　PROPER NAMES

　　Bruce Bilven

　　布魯斯.布利文

　　Thomas Jefferson

　　托馬斯.杰斐遜

　　George Washington

　　喬治.華盛頓

　　Abraham Lincoln

　　亞伯拉罕.林肯

　　the Declaration of Independence

　　《獨立宣言》

　　the James River

　　詹姆斯河

　　Lafayette

　　拉斐特

　　France

　　法國

　　Heaven

　　上帝;天堂

　　Philadelphia

　　費城(美國港市)

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