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2016年六月大學(xué)英語六級真題及答案解析-第一套
大學(xué)英語六級考試的考試時長為130分鐘,總分710分,分為作文、聽力、閱讀、翻譯四個題型.下面是小編整理的2016年大學(xué)英語六級真題，希望能幫到大家!
寫作部分
Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the use of robots. Try to imagine what will happen when more and more robots take the place of human beings in industry as well as people's daily lives. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
聽力部分
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer. from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分試題請在答題卡1上作答。
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. A) Project organizer. B) Public relations officer.
C) Marketing manager. D) Market research consultant.
2. A) Quantitative advertising research.
B) Questionnaire design.
C) Research methodology. D) Interviewer training.
3. A) They are intensive studies of people's spending habits.
B) They examine relations between producers and customers.
C) They look for new and effective ways to promote products. D) They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period. 4. A) The lack of promotion opportunity.
B) Checking charts and tables.
C) Designing questionnaires.
D) The persistent intensity.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5. A) His view on Canadian universities.
B) His understanding of higher education.
C) His suggestions for improvements in higher education.
D) His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities.
6. A) It is well designed.
B) It is rather inflexible.
C) It varies among universities. D) It has undergone great changes.
7. A) The United States and Canada can learn from each other. B) Public universities are often superior to private universities.
C) Everyone should be given equal access to higher education. D) Private schools work more efficiently than public institutions.
8. A) University systems vary from country to country. B) Efficiency is essential to university management.
C) It is hard to say which is better, a public university or a private one.
D) Many private university in the U.S. are actually large bureaucracies.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the
questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Passage One
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9. A) Government's role in resolving an economic crisis.
B) The worsening real wage situation around the world.
C) Indications of economic recovery in the United States.
D) The impact of the current economic crisis on peopled life.
10. A) They will feel less pressure to raise employees' wages.
B) They will feel free to choose the most suitable employees.
C) They will feel inclined to expand their business operations.
D) They will feel more confident in competing with their rivals.
11. A) Employees and companies cooperate to pull through the economic crisis.
B) Government and companies join hands to create jobs for the unemployed.
C) Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs.
D) Team work will be encouraged in companies.
Passage Two
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
12. A) Whether memory supplements work.
B) Whether herbal medicine works wonders.
C) Whether exercise enhances one's memory. D) Whether a magic memory promises success.
13. A) They help the elderly more than the young.
B) They are beneficial in one way or another.
C) They generally do not have side effects.
D)They are not based on real science.
14. A) They are available at most country fairs.
B) They are taken in relatively high dosage.
C) They are collected or grown by farmers.
D) They are prescribed by trained practitioners.
15. A) They have often proved to be as helpful as doing mental exercise. B) Taking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks.
C) Their effect lasts only a short time.
D) Many have benefited from them.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Recording One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16. A) How catastrophic natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations.
B) How the World Meteorological Organization studies natural disasters.
C) How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters.
D) How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced.
17. A) By training rescue teams for emergencies.
B) By taking steps to prepare people for them.
C) By changing people's views of nature.
D) By relocating people to safer places.
18. A) How preventive action can reduce the loss of life.
B) How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters.
C) How Cubans suffer from tropical storms.
D) How destructive tropical storms can be.
Recording Two
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.
19. A) Pay back their loans to the American government.
B) Provide loans to those in severe financial difficulty.
C) Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery.
D) Speed up their recovery from the housing bubble.
20. A) Some banks may have to merge with others.
B) Many smaller regional banks are going to fail.
C) It will be hard for banks to provide more loans.
D) Many banks will have to lay off some employees.
21. A) It will work closely with the government.
B) It will endeavor to write off bad loans.
C) It will try to lower the interest rate.
D) It will try to provide more loans.
22. A) It won't help the American economy to turn around.
B) It won't do any good to the major commercial banks.
C) It will win the approval of the Obama administration.
D) It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again.
Recording Three
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
23. A) Being unable to learn new things.
B) Being rather slow to make changes.
C) Losing temper more and more often.
D) Losing the ability to get on with others.
24. A) Cognitive stimulation.
B) Community activity.
C) Balanced diet.
D) Fresh air.
25. A) Ignoring the signs and symptoms of aging.
B) Adopting an optimistic attitude towards life.
C) Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles.
D) Seeking advice from doctors from time to time.
閱讀理解部分
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select oneword for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified bya letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on ,Answer Street 2 with a singleline through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Let's say you love roller-skating. Just the thought of __26__ on your roller-skates brings asmile to your face. You also know that roller-skating is excellent exercise. You have a __27__attitude toward it.
This description of roller-skating __28__ the three components of an attitude: affect,cognition, and behavior. You love the activity; it's great fun. These feelings __29__ the affectiveor emotional component; they are an important ingredient in attitudes. The knowledge wehave about the object constitutes the cognitive component of an attitude. You understandthe health __30__ that the activity can bring. Finally, attitudes have a behavioral component.Our attitudes __31__ us to go outside to enjoy roller-skating.
Now, we don't want to leave you with the __32__ that these three components always worktogether __33__ . They don't; sometimes they clash. For example, let's say you love pizza(affective component); however, you have high cholesterol and understand (knowledgecomponent) that eating pizza may be bad for your health. Which behavior will your attituderesult in, eating pizza or __34__ it? The answer depends on which component happens to bestronger. If you are walking past a pizza restaurant at lunchtime, your emotions and feelingsprobably will be stronger than your knowledge that pizza may not be the best food for yourhealth. In that instance, you have pizza for lunch. If you are at home trying to decide where togo for dinner, however, the knowledge component may __35__ , and you decide to go whereyou can eat a healthier meal.
A.avoiding
B.benefits
C.highlight
D.illustrates
E.impression
F.improves
G.inquiring
H.perfectly
I.positive
J.prevail K.primarily
L.prompt
M.specifications
N.strapping
O.typical
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
The Changing Generation
[A] It turns out today's teenagers aren't so scary after all. Results of USA WEEKEND'S Teens & Parents survey reveal a generation of young people who get along well with their parents and approve of the way they're being raised. They think of their parents with affection and respect. They speak with Mom or Dad when they have a problem. Most feel that their parents understand them, and they believe their family is the No. 1 priority in their parents, lives. Many even think their parents are cool! Although more than a third have an object in their rooms they would like to keep secret from their parents, rarely is it anything more alarming than a diary or off-color (低俗的) book or CD.
[B] Such results may seem surprising against the background of shocking incidents that color the way the mass media portray the young. In October 2000, , the same month the survey was taken, the Washington-based Center for Media and Public Affairs wrote in its publication Media Monitor that, in a recent month of TV news coverage of American youth, just 2% of teens were shown at home, and just 1% were portrayed in a work setting. In contrast, the criminal justice system accounted for nearly one out of every five visual backgrounds. No wonder parents worry their own kids might spin out of control once they hit the turbulent waters of adolescence.
[C] The overall facts ought to reassure us. The survey shows us that today's teens are affectionate, sensible and far happier than the angry and tortured souls that have been painted for us by stereotypes. From other sources, we also know teenage crime, drug abuse and premarital sex are in general decline. We, of course, need to pay attention to youngsters who are filled with discontent and hostility, but we should not allow these extreme cases to distort our view of most young people.
[D] My own research at the Stanford Center on Adolescence uses in-depth interviews with small samples of youngsters rather than large-scale surveys. Still, in my studies and others I have read, I find the same patterns as in USA WEEKEND'S survey. Today's teenagers admire their parents and welcome parental guidance about important matters such as career choice—though certainly not Mom and Dad's advice on matters of personal taste, such as music or fashion. When we ask teens to choose a hero，they usually select an older family member rather than a remote public figure. Most teens say they enjoy the company of both parents and friends. [E] Contrary to some stereotypes, most adolescents believe they must be tolerant of differences among individuals (though they do not always find this easy in the cliquish (拉幫結(jié)派的) environment of high school). Many of them volunteer for community service with disadvantaged people. One prevalent quality we have found in teens, statements about themselves, their friends and their families is a strikingly positive emotional tone. By and large, these are very nice kids, and as the band The Who used to sing, "The kids are alright."
[F] How much is today's spirit of harmony a change from our more turbulent past? A mere generation ago, parent-child relations were described as "the generation gap". Yet even then reports of widespread youth rebellion were overdone: Most kids in the '60s and 70s shared their parents, basic values. Still, it is true that American families are growing closer at the dawn of this new millennium (千年). Perhaps there is less to fight about, with the country in a period of tranquility and the dangers of drug abuse and other unwholesome behavior well known. Perhaps in the face of impersonal and intimidating globalization, a young person's family feels more like a friendly haven than an oppressive trap. And perhaps parents are acting more like parents than in the recent past. Within just the past five years, I have noticed parents returning to a belief that teenagers need the guidance of elders rather than the liberal, "anything goes" mode of child-rearing that became popular in the second half of the 20th century.
[G] But missing from all these data is the sense that today's young care very much about their country, about the broader civic and political environment, or about the future of their society. They seem to be turning inward—generally in a pro-social manner, certainly with positive benefits for intimate relationships, but too often at the expense of a connection with the present and future world beyond, including the society they will one day inherit. [H] Recently, we examined more than 400 essays on the "laws of life" that teens from two communities had written as part of an educational program initiated by the John Templeton Foundation in Radnor, Pa. In those essays, and in follow-up interviews with a few of the teenagers, we found lots of insight, positive feeling and inspirational thinking. But we also found little interest in civic life beyond the tight circles of their family and immediate friends.
[I] For example, only one boy said he would like to be president when he grows up. When I was in high school, dozens in my class alone would have answered differently. In fact, other recent studies have found there has never been a time in American history when so small a proportion of young people have sought or accepted leadership roles in local civic organizations. It is also troubling that voting rates among our youngest eligible voters—18- to 24-year-olds—are way down: Little more than one in four now go to the polls, even in national elections, compared with almost twice that many when 18-year-olds were first given the vote.
[J] In our interviews, many students viewed politics with suspicion and distaste. " Most politicians are kind of crooked (不誠實的)" one student declared. Another, discussing national politics, said, “I feel like one person can't do that much, and I get the impression most people don't think a group of people can do that much." Asked what they would like to change in the world, the students mentioned only personal concerns such as slowing down the pace of life, gaining good friends, becoming more spiritual, becoming either more materially successful or less materially oriented (depending on the student's values), and being more respectful of the Earth, animals and other people. One boy said, "I'd rather be concentrating on artistic efforts than saving the world or something."
[K] It is fine and healthy for teens to cultivate their personal interests, and it is good news when young people enjoy harmonious relations with their family and friends. But there is also a place in a young life for noble purposes that include a dedication to the broader society, a love of country and an aspiration to make their own leadership contributions.
[L] In the past, the young have eagerly participated in national service and civic affairs, often with lots of energy and idealism. If this is not happening today, we should ask why. Our society needs the full participation of its younger citizens if it is to continue to thrive. We know the promise is there—this is a well-grounded, talented, warm-hearted group of youngsters. We have everything to gain by encouraging them to explore the world beyond their immediate experience and to prepare themselves for their turn at shaping that world.
注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。
36. Not many young people eligible for voting are interested in local or national elections these days.
37. Parents are concerned that their children may get involved in criminal offences once they reach their teens.
38. Even during the turbulent years of last century, youth rebellion was often exaggerated in the media.
39. Teenagers of today often turn to their parents for advice on such important matters as career choice.
40. The incidence of teenage crime and misbehavior is decreasing nowadays.
41. Young people should have lofty ideals in life and strive to be leaders.
42. Some young people like to keep something to themselves and don't want their parents to know about it. 43. It is beneficial to encourage young people to explore the broader world and get ready to make it a better place.
44. Many teenagers now offer to render service to the needy.
45. Interviews with students find many of them are only concerned about personal matters.
Section C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. , B. , C. and D.. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Manufacturers of products that claim to be environmentally friendly will face tighter rules on how they are advertised to consumers under changes proposed by the Federal Trade Commission.
The commission's revised "Green Guides" warn marketers against using labels that make broad claims, like "eco-friendly". Marketers must qualify their claims on the product packaging and limit them to a specific benefit, such as how much of the product is recycled.
"This is really about trying to cut through the confusion that consumers have when they are buying a product and that businesses have when they are selling a product," said Jon Leibowitz, chairman of the commission.
The revisions come at a time when green marketing is on the rise. According to a new study, the number of advertisements with green messages in mainstream magazines has risen since 1987, and peaked in 2008 at 10.4%. In 2009, the number dropped to 9%. But while the number of advertisements may have dipped, there has been a rapid spread of ecolabeling. There are both good and bad players in the eco-labeling game.
In the last five years or so, there has been an explosion of green claims and environmental claims. It is clear that consumers don't always know what they are getting.
A handful of lawsuits have been filed in recent years against companies accused of using misleading environmental labels. In 2008 and 2009, class-action lawsuits (集體訴訟) were filed against SC Johnson for using "Greenlist" labels on its cleaning products. The lawsuits said that the label was misleading because it gave the impression that the products had been certified by a third party when the certification was the company's own.
"We are very proud of our accomplishments under the Greenlist system and we believe that we will prevail in these cases," Christopher Beard, director of public affairs for SC Johnson, said, while acknowledging that "this has been an area that is difficult to navigate."
Companies have also taken it upon themselves to contest each other's green claims. David Mallen, associate director of the Council of Better Business Bureau, said in the last two years the organization had seen an increase in the number of claims companies were bringing against each other for false or misleading environmental product claims.
"About once a week, I have a client that will bring up a new certification I've never even heard of and I'm in this industry, said Kevin Wilhelm, chief executive officer of Sustainable Business Consulting. "It's kind of a Wild West, anybody can claim themselves to be green." Mr. Wilhelm said the excess of labels made it difficult for businesses and consumers to know which labels they should pay attention to.
46. What do the revised "Green Guides" require businesses to do?
A) Manufacture as many green products as possible. B) Indicate whether their products are recyclable.
C) Specify in what way their products are green. D) Attach green labels to all of their products.
47. What does the author say about consumers facing an explosion of green claims?
A) They can easily see through the businesses' tricks.
B) They have to spend lots of time choosing products.
C) They have doubt about current green certification.
D) They are not clear which products are truly green.
48. What was SC Johnson accused of in the class-action lawsuits?
A) It gave consumers the impression that all its products were truly green.
B) It gave a third party the authority to label its products as environmentally friendly.
C) It misled consumers to believe that its products had been certified by a third party.
D) It sold cleaning products that were not included in the official "Greenlist".
49. How did Christopher Beard defend his company's labeling practice?
A) There were no clear guidelines concerning green labeling.
B) His company's products had been well received by the public.
C) It was in conformity to the prevailing practice in the market.
D) No law required the involvement of a third party in certification.
50. What does Kevin Wilhelm imply by saying "It's kind of a Wild West" (Line 3，Para. 11)?
A) Businesses compete to produce green products.
B) Each business acts its own way in green labeling.
C) Consumers grow wild with products labeled green. D) Anything produced in the West can be labeled green.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
America's education system has become less a ladder of opportunity than a structure to transmit inequality from one generation to the next.
That's why school reform is so critical. This is an issue of equality, opportunity and national conscience. It's not just about education, but about poverty and justice.
It's true that the main reason inner-city schools do poorly isn't teachers' unions, but poverty. Southern states without strong teachers' ，unions have schools at least as awful as those in union states. Some Chicago teachers seem to think that they shouldn't be held accountable until poverty is solved. There're steps we can take that would make some difference, and Mayor Rahm Emanuel is trying some of them—yet the union is resisting.
I'd be sympathetic if the union focused solely on higher compensation. Teachers need to be much better paid to attract the best college graduates to the nation's worst schools. But, instead, the Chicago union seems to be using its political capital primarily to protect weak performers.
There's solid evidence that there are huge differences in the effectiveness of teachers. The gold standard study by Harvard and Columbia University scholars found that even in high-poverty schools, teachers consistently had a huge positive or negative impact.
Get a bottom 1% teacher, and the effect is the same as if a child misses 40% of the school year. Get a teacher from the top 20%, and it's as if a child has gone to school for an extra month or two.
The study found that strong teachers in the fourth through eighth grades raised the skills of their students in ways that would last for decades. Just having a strong teacher for one elementary year left pupils a bit less likely to become mothers as teenagers, a bit more likely to go to college and earning more money at age 28.
How does one figure out who is a weak teacher? Yes, that's a challenge. But researchers are improving systems to measure a teacher's performance throughout the year, and, with three years of data, ifs usually possible to tell which teachers are failing.
Unfortunately, the union in Chicago is insisting that teachers who are laid off—often for being ineffective—should get priority in new hiring. That's an insult to students.
Teaching is so important that it should be like other professions, with high pay and good working conditions but few job protections for bottom performers. This isn't a battle between garment workers and greedy bosses. The central figures in the Chicago schools strike are neither strikers nor managers but 350,000 children. Protecting the union demand sacrifices those students, in effect turning a blind eye to the injustice in the education system.
51. What do we learn about America's education system?
A) It provides a ladder of opportunity for the wealthy. B) It contributes little to the elimination of inequality.
C) It has remained basically unchanged for generations. D) It has brought up generations of responsible citizens.
52. What is chiefly responsible for the undesirable performance of inner-city schools? A) Unqualified teachers. C) Unfavorable learning environment.
B) Lack of financial resources. D) Subconscious racial discrimination. 53. What does the author think the union should do to win popular support?
A) Assist the city government in reforming schools. C) Demand higher pay for teachers.
B) Give constructive advice to inner-city schools. D) Help teachers improve teaching.
54. What is the finding of the gold standard study by Harvard and Columbia University scholars?
A) Many inner-city school teachers are not equal to their jobs.
B) A large proportion of inner-city children often miss classes.
C) Many students are dissatisfied with their teachers.
D) Student performance has a lot to do with teachers.
55. Why does the author say the Chicago unions demand is an insult to students?
A) It protects incompetent teachers at the expense of students. B) It underestimates students, ability to tell good teachers from poor ones.
C) It makes students feel that they are discriminated against in many ways.
D) It totally ignores students，initiative in the learning process.
翻譯部分
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
旗袍(qipao)是一種雅致的中國服裝，源于中國的滿族(Manchu Nationality)。在清代，旗袍是王室女性穿著的寬松長袍。上世紀(jì) 20 年代，受西方服飾影響，旗袍發(fā)生了一些變化。袖口(cuffs)變窄，袍身變短。這些變化使女性美得以充分展現(xiàn)。
如今，旗袍經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在世界級的時裝秀上。中國女性出席重要社交聚會時，旗袍往往是她們的首選。很多中國新也會選擇旗袍作為結(jié)婚禮服。一些有影響的人士甚至建議將旗袍作為中國女性的民族服飾。
答案與解析
寫作參考答案
The evolution of modem robot technology seems to be a mixed blessing.
Optimists say that more robots will lead to greater productivity and economic growth, while pessimists complain that we will experience the greatest unemployment crisis in human history. As for me, the world where robots substitute manual and mental labor is delightful rather than fearful.
There is no doubt that human society is benefiting tremendously from robots. On the one hand, industrial robots can assist in carrying out dirty, dull and dangerous tasks while offering increased productivity and safety. On the other hand, domestic robots can provide household services, freeing human beings from the boredom of the daily chores. We aren't giving robots "easy jobs", but those that most of the time we aren't willing to do and even could never do. Without robots, these jobs would remain undone or be done inefficiently. In spite of the potential of machines to replace workers, technological progress has always eliminated some specific jobs. But in the meantime, it also has created new opportunities for human employment, at an even faster rate.
Robots are very likely to permeate much of our daily life in the coming years, but it is not necessary to worry they will snatch jobs from us, because we will assign more challenging jobs to them.
【解析】
本題要求考生圍繞“在未來，越來越多的人工勞動將被機器取代會是怎樣一番情景”寫一篇作文，考生既可以闡述其積極的一面，也可以論述其不利的一面。根據(jù)題目要求，可以采取以下布局;
第一段;提出人們對機器人所持的不同態(tài)度，并表明自己的立場。機器人替代體力勞動和腦力勞動讓我們的生活更加輕松快樂。
第二段：具體從兩個方面來分析機器人取代人力勞動的積極意義。
第三段：總結(jié)全文，指出機器人不會搶走我們的工作，因為我們會讓它們做更多的事。 聽力 Section A 參考答案
1 What position does the woman hold in the company?
[D]【解析】對話一開頭男士就問女士做市場調(diào)查顧問有多久了，可見女士在公司的職位是市場調(diào)査顧問。因此 D 項為答案。
【干擾項排除】①選項都是關(guān)于職位的內(nèi)容，預(yù)測問題問職業(yè)。②A 項“項目組織者”、B 項“公共關(guān)系職員”以及 C 項“營銷經(jīng)理”都沒有在對話中提及，只是利用錄音的個別字詞 organize, project, relationship 作干擾，故均予以排除。
2 What does the woman specialize in at the moment?
[A]【解析】對話中女士在被男士問到對什么感興趣時，女士回答說目前專攻量化廣告研究。
A 項的表述與女士的意思一致，故為正確答案。
【干擾項排除】①選項都是關(guān)于研究、設(shè)計、培訓(xùn)等內(nèi)容，聽音時留意相關(guān)信息。②B 項“調(diào)查問卷設(shè)計”和 C 項“研究方法論”都不是目前女士專攻的內(nèi)容，是女士回答“和新客戶建立良好關(guān)系要經(jīng)歷什么過程”這個問題時涉及到的，故排除;D 項“面試者培訓(xùn)”只是利用對話中出現(xiàn)的 interviewer 一詞作干擾，故排除。
3 What does the woman say about trackers?
[D]【解析】對話中女士提到兩個項目，其中之一是有關(guān)追蹤系統(tǒng)，女士的解釋為：這是個正在進行的項目，研究很長一段時期內(nèi)的趨勢或客戶滿意度。D 項中的 study 是錄音原文中 look at 的同義替換，故為正確答案。
【干擾項排除】①選項的主語都是 They,聽錄音時要留意其指代什么事物及其相關(guān)信息。②A 項“它們是對人們消費習(xí)慣的集中研究”、B 項“它們調(diào)查生產(chǎn)者和顧客之間的關(guān)系”以及 C 項“它們尋找促銷產(chǎn)品的有效的新方法”都不屬于追蹤系統(tǒng)的內(nèi)容，故均予以排除。 4 What does the woman dislike about her job?
[B]【解析】對話末尾，女士對于最后一個問題——工作上喜歡和不喜歡的分別是什么的回答是：工作上的多樣性對于我來說是重要的，至于不喜歡的內(nèi)容就是圖表的核對了。B 項的表述與女士的意思一致，故為正確答案。
【干擾項排除】①選項分別為關(guān)于晉升機會、設(shè)計調(diào)查問卷和檢查圖表等的名詞短語，推測題目可能與工作相關(guān)。②C 項“設(shè)計調(diào)查問卷”是和新客戶建立良好關(guān)系需要做的，并沒有提到是女士不喜歡的工作內(nèi)容，故排除;A 項“缺乏晉升機會”和 D 項“持續(xù)的緊張”都未在對話中提及，故排除。
5 What does the woman want Frederick to talk about?
[A] 【解析】對話一開頭女士就請 Frederick 解釋對于加拿大的大學(xué)的看法，由此可知，女士是想讓 Frederick 討論他對加拿大的大學(xué)的看法。A 項的表述與女士的意思一致，故為正確答案。
【干擾項排除】①選項都是關(guān)于 his 的內(nèi)容，聽錄音時要留意男士的相關(guān)信息。②女士只是想讓男士談下他對于加拿大的大學(xué)的看法，而不是想知道男士對于高等教育的理解，故 B 項錯誤;C 項“他對于高等教育改進的建議”未在對話中提及，故排除;D 項“他對于美國大學(xué)官僚的主義的抱怨”摻雜女士對于美國大學(xué)的看法，屬于張冠李戴，故予以排除。 6 What does the man say about the curriculum in Canadian universities?
[B] 【解析】對話中男士說到在加拿大，教育部負(fù)責(zé)設(shè)計大學(xué)的課程，沒有太多靈活變通的空間，也就是說加拿大的大學(xué)課程是相當(dāng)不靈活的。B 項中的 rather inflexible 是錄音原文中 not much room for flexibility 的同義替換，故為正確答案。
【干擾項排除】①選項都是關(guān)于 It 的描述，聽錄音時要注意 It 指代什么及其相關(guān)信息。②錄音只提到加拿大的大學(xué)課程由教育部設(shè)計，沒有提到設(shè)計的質(zhì)量怎么樣、各大學(xué)課程表有何不同以及有何重大改變，故 A 項“它設(shè)計得很好”、C 項“它在不同的大學(xué)不一樣”和 D
項“它經(jīng)歷了巨大的變化”均予以排除。
7 On what point do the speakers agree?
[C] 【解析】對話中女士說在美國有一個問題，就是通常只有有錢人家的孩子才能上最好的學(xué)校，男士對此表示贊同，并且講到不能給予每個人平等的教育機會確實是個問題。由此看來，他們都認(rèn)為每個人都應(yīng)該被給予平等的機會去接受高等教育，故選 C 項。
【干擾項排除】①選項中出現(xiàn) universities、education、 institutions 等關(guān)鍵詞，推測問題可能與大學(xué)教育相關(guān)。②A 項“美國和加拿大可以互相學(xué)習(xí)”，關(guān)于借鑒和學(xué)習(xí)，男子只提到我們或許可以向日本學(xué)習(xí)，故排除。對話最后男士講到很難說哪種大學(xué)更好，女士也表示認(rèn)同，所以 B 項“公立大學(xué)比私立大學(xué)更優(yōu)越”錯誤。錄音中男士談及加拿大公立大學(xué)的辦事效率低的問題，而女士提到美國的私立大學(xué)同樣存在官僚的主義，所以無從判斷哪種大學(xué)更有效率，故排除 D 項“私立學(xué)校比公立機構(gòu)更有效率”。
8 What point does the man make at the end of the conversation?
[C]【解析】對話最后男士得出結(jié)論：很難說公立大學(xué)和私立大學(xué)哪一個更好，因此，C 項為正確答案。
【干擾項排除】①四個選項都是圍繞大學(xué)這個話題展開，聽錄音時要注意相關(guān)信息。②錄音談及三個國家以及它們不同的大學(xué)制度，但男子并沒有就此得出結(jié)論“大學(xué)制度隨著國家的不同而不同”，故排除 A 項。B 項“效率對于大學(xué)管理來說至關(guān)重要”，男子雖然談及公立大學(xué)的管理效率問題，但他沒有說效率是至關(guān)重要的，故排除 B 項。D 項“美國的很多私立大學(xué)實際上都是巨大的官僚機構(gòu)”是女士的看法，而不是男士的結(jié)論，故排除。
Section B 參考答案
9 What is the International Labor Organization's report mainly about?
[B]【解析】錄音開頭提到，國際勞工組織最近的一份報告指出，世界各地實際工資水平的惡化情況讓人質(zhì)疑經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇的真實程度，B 項的 worsening real wage 是錄音中的 deterioration of real wages 的同義替換，因此本題選 B 項。
【干擾項排除】①選項均為有一定概括性的名詞短語，推測本題有可能是主旨類的題目。②
A 項“政府在解決經(jīng)濟危機過程中所起的作用”是利用錄音中個別詞編造的干擾項，并非該報告的主要內(nèi)容;C 項的 indications 和 economic recovery 雖在錄音中有出現(xiàn)過，但經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇的征兆并非主題，且錄音并沒有單指美國經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇的情況，故 C 項不選;D 項“當(dāng)前的經(jīng)濟危機對人們生活的影響”，當(dāng)下應(yīng)該是經(jīng)濟危機后的恢復(fù)時期，而非 current economic crisis，由此可排除。
10 According to an International Labor Organization's specialist, how will employers feel if there are more people looking for jobs?
[A]【解析】錄音提到，這位專家認(rèn)為，當(dāng)更多人失業(yè)，就有更多人求職，雇主在提升工資吸引員工方面的壓力便隨之下降，A 項的 less pressure 是錄音中 pressure... will decline 的同義表達，故選 A 項。
【干擾項排除】①選項的主語都是 They,根據(jù) raise employees' wages, choose... employees, expand... business operations 等關(guān)鍵詞，推測 They 應(yīng)該指雇主，聽音時留意關(guān)于雇主的信息。②B 項“他們可以隨意選擇最合適的員工”、C 項“他們想擴展其經(jīng)營范圍”和 D 項“他們在跟對手競爭時會更有信心”均未在錄音中提及。
11 What does the speaker mean by the work sharing scheme?
[C]【解析】錄音末尾提到 work sharing scheme。該計劃是想通過減少個人工時來避免裁員，然后由政府來補貼員工因減少工時而帶來的損失，C 項是該處錄音內(nèi)容的同義表達，故為本題答案。
【干擾項排除】①根據(jù)選項出現(xiàn)的 employees, unemployed , layoffs 等關(guān)鍵詞，推測問題可能與雇員失業(yè)或下崗有關(guān)，聽音時留意相關(guān)信息。②A 項“員工和公司攜手共度經(jīng)濟危機難關(guān)”、B 項“政府和企業(yè)聯(lián)手為失業(yè)人員創(chuàng)造工作崗位”和 D 項“在企業(yè)內(nèi)部鼓勵團隊合作”在錄音中均未提及，故予以排除。
12 What question is frequently put to the speaker?
[A]【解析】說話人在錄音開頭部分即提到“我曾經(jīng)經(jīng)常被問到這些記憶力補品是否有效”，
A 項是該處錄音原句的概述，因此本題選 A 項。
【干擾項排除】①三個選項都出現(xiàn)了 memory，推測問題可能與記憶力有關(guān)，聽音時留意相關(guān)信息。②B 項“草藥是否有奇效”，錄音中雖提到 herbal，但說話人被問的是是否真的有挽救記憶力的草本藥物，B 項沒有提到記憶力，故不選;C 項“鍛煉是否有助于提高記憶力”是利用錄音中提到的 workout“鍛煉，練習(xí)”來設(shè)置干擾;D 項“擁有神奇的記憶力能否保證取得成功”在錄音中未提及。
13 What does the speaker say about most memory supplements?
[D]【解析】說話人提到那類補品有很多并不一定名副其實，大部分的背后缺乏科學(xué)依據(jù)，
D 項“他們并非以真正的科學(xué)為基礎(chǔ)”是該句錄音的同義表達。
【干擾項排除】①四個選項的主語都是 They,聽音時留意其指代什么事物。②A 項“相較于年輕人，它們對年長者更有用”未在錄音中提及;說話人多次表示這些補品多數(shù)沒有什么效果，需謹(jǐn)慎服用，而且最后提到若跟其他藥同服，還有可能產(chǎn)生不良后果,B 項“無論如何它們都是有益的”和 C 項“它們一般沒什么副作用”與錄音意思相反，均排除。
14 What do we learn about memory supplements in eastern cultures?
[D]【解析】錄音提到，在一些東方國家，這類補藥屬于處方藥，劑量須由經(jīng)過訓(xùn)練的執(zhí)業(yè)醫(yī)師所定，D 項為該處錄音的概括，故為正確答案。
【干擾項排除】①四個選項的主語都是 They，聽音時留意其指代什么事物。②A 項“它們在多數(shù)鄉(xiāng)村集市上有售”和 C 項“它們是由農(nóng)民采集和種植的”均未在錄音中提及。B 項“它們服用時的劑量相對較大”與錄音所述不符。
15 What does the speaker say about memory supplements at the end?
[B]【解析】錄音結(jié)尾，說話人提醒：很多時候人們沒有真正意識到服用這類補藥帶來的影響，也不知道與其他藥物同服可能會增加出現(xiàn)某些不良情況的風(fēng)險，B 項為該處錄音的同義表達。
【干擾項排除】①根據(jù)選項出現(xiàn)的 They、them、medications、effect 等關(guān)鍵詞，推測問題可能問某樣藥物的作用，聽音時留意相關(guān)信息。②A 項“它們通常被證實跟做腦力訓(xùn)練一樣有效”、C 項“它們的效果只持續(xù)一小段時間”和 D 項“很多人受益于它們”在錄音中均未提及，故予以排除。
Section C 參考答案
16 What is the talk mainly about?
[D]【解析】錄音一開頭提到自然災(zāi)害造成的負(fù)面影響隨處可見：大量人員傷亡和經(jīng)濟損失。隨后氣象專家 Geoffrey Love 提到在過去的 50 年里，經(jīng)濟損失增加了 50 倍，但死亡人數(shù)已經(jīng)下降了 10 倍，原因是安全預(yù)警做得越來越好了。接下來錄音都是圍繞著人們采取預(yù)防措施來減少自然災(zāi)害帶來的危害展開。因此 D 項正確。
【干擾項排除】①選項都出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞 natural disasters,
由此可知本題與自然災(zāi)害有關(guān)。②雖然錄音開頭有提及一些發(fā)展中國家遭受嚴(yán)重的自然災(zāi)害，但錄音接下來強調(diào)的是，采取預(yù)防措施，這些國家的人員傷亡成功降低了，故 A 項不對。錄音沒有主要闡述世界氣象組織如何研究自然災(zāi)害，故 B 項不對。C 項“人類在面對自然災(zāi)害上顯得有多無力”與錄音提到的人們采取預(yù)防措施應(yīng)對自然災(zāi)害這一事實不符。 17 How can we stop extreme events from turning into disasters?
[B]【解析】錄音提到 Geoffrey Love 說極端事件還會繼續(xù)發(fā)生，但是只有當(dāng)人們未能做好準(zhǔn)備工作或預(yù)防措施時，極端事件才會最終演變成災(zāi)難，換言之，我們需要采取行動來為此做準(zhǔn)備，因此選 B。
【干擾項排除】①四個選項都是By+doing...結(jié)構(gòu)，推測問題可能涉及做某事的方式。②A 項“通過訓(xùn)練救援隊伍來應(yīng)對突發(fā)事件”、C 項“通過改變?nèi)藗儗ψ匀坏目捶ā焙?D 項“通過把人們遷移到更安全的地方”錄音均沒有提及，故排除。
18 What does the example of Cuba serve to show?
[A]【解析】錄音最后，世界氣象組織列舉了古巴和孟加拉國作為例子，說明這兩個國家通過采取預(yù)防措施，成功地減少了自然災(zāi)害帶來的大量人員死亡。接著錄音提到，采用了預(yù)警系統(tǒng)的古巴在 2008 年遭遇 5 次颶風(fēng)連續(xù)襲擊，僅有 7 人遇難。A 項與之相符。
【干擾項排除】B 項“勇敢的古巴人怎樣面對災(zāi)難”錄音沒有提及，故排除;C 項“古巴人如何遭受熱帶風(fēng)暴的襲擊”，錄音雖有提及古巴人每年都遭受很多次熱帶風(fēng)暴襲擊這一事實，但這不是舉古巴為例子的目的，故 C 項不對。古巴在防范熱帶風(fēng)暴襲擊方面做得很成功，使得風(fēng)暴造成的破壞并沒有特別大，故排除 D 項“熱帶風(fēng)暴的破壞力有多大”。
19 What does President Obama hope the banks will do?
[C]【解析】錄音一開始提到，在美國政府和納稅人的幫助下，美國銀行業(yè)得以復(fù)蘇，總統(tǒng)第44任美國總統(tǒng)說銀行是時候要作出回報了：現(xiàn)在銀行更有義務(wù)去完成更大范圍的經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇這一目標(biāo)。
C 項與錄音相符。
【干擾項排除】①選項都是原形動詞短語，推測問題可能與行為動作有關(guān)。②A 項“向美國政府償還貸款”錄音沒有提到，是利用錄音個別字詞拼湊而成的;錄音沒有提到為那些經(jīng)濟嚴(yán)重困難的個人或企業(yè)提供貸款，因此 B 項錯誤。D 項“加快銀行在房地產(chǎn)泡沫中的復(fù)蘇”是利用錄音中的 recovery 和 the housing bubble 設(shè)置的干擾項。
20 What is Martin Neil Baily's prediction about the financial situation in the future?
[B]【解析】錄音提到，經(jīng)濟學(xué)家 Martin Neil Baily 認(rèn)為銀行業(yè)危機并沒有結(jié)束，在 2009 年已經(jīng)有 130 多家美國銀行倒閉，預(yù)計在 2010 年會有更多規(guī)模小的地區(qū)性銀行面臨倒閉，原因是商業(yè)地產(chǎn)貸款將到期，B 項與之相符。
【干擾項排除】①選項中多次提及 banks，推測問題與銀行業(yè)有關(guān)。②A 項“一些銀行可能不得不與其他銀行合并”錄音沒有提及，故予以排除;C 項“銀行將難以提供更多的貸款”只是分析家的觀點，并不是 Martin Neil Baily 的預(yù)測，故排除;錄音只是提到高失業(yè)率可能會導(dǎo)致借貸需求的減少以及銀行不愿意放貸，并沒有提及許多銀行將不得不解雇員工，因此 D 項錯誤。
21 What does U.S. Bankcorp chief Richard Davis say about its future operation?
[D]【解析】在銀行的問題上，Richard Davis 比一些經(jīng)濟專家更樂觀，他說借貸就好像煤炭對于引擎的作用一樣，所以我們要放出更多的貸款。D 項中 provide more loans 是錄音中 make more loans 的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，故為正確答案。
【干擾項排除】①從選項的內(nèi)容來看，題目與 It(銀行)將來的舉動有關(guān)。②A 項“與政府密切合作”、B 項“努力注銷不良貸款”和 C 項“嘗試降低利率”錄音均沒有提及，故予以排除。
22 What does Martin Neil Baily think of a second stimulus to the economy?
[D]【解析】錄音最后提到，如果美國經(jīng)濟再次開始下滑，Baily 認(rèn)為應(yīng)該有充分的理由二度刺激經(jīng)濟，因此 D 項正確。
【干擾項排除】①四個選項都是關(guān)于 It 的情況，留意題目中的 It 指代何物。②A 項“它不會幫助美國經(jīng)濟好轉(zhuǎn)”和 B 項“它不會對主要商業(yè)銀行有好處”錄音均沒有提及，故予以排除;C 項是利用錄音中 Obama administration 設(shè)置的干擾項，故排除。
23 According to the speaker, what might be a symptom of cognitive decline in older adults?
[A]【解析】錄音開頭提到當(dāng)我們年老時，認(rèn)知能力的下降意味著喪失學(xué)習(xí)新技能的能力，或者是容易忘記一些單詞、名字和人臉。A 項的 unable to 是錄音原文 the loss of ability 的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。
【干擾項排除】①四個選項都是動名詞短語，內(nèi)容涉及一些負(fù)面的影響，注意細(xì)節(jié)。②B 項“作出改變相當(dāng)緩慢”、C 項“越來越經(jīng)常發(fā)脾氣”和 D 項“失去與他人相處的能力”錄音均沒有提及，故予以排除。
24 According to James Burke, what does seem to help reduce cognitive decline?
[A]【解析】錄音提到 James Burke 認(rèn)為雖然沒有有力的證據(jù)證實運動、飲食和認(rèn)知刺激可以幫助降低認(rèn)知能力衰退，但是它們?nèi)阅馨l(fā)揮一定的積極作用。因此 A 項是正確的。
【干擾項排除】錄音沒有提及參加社區(qū)活動和呼吸新鮮空氣能減少認(rèn)知能力衰退，因此 B 項和 D 項不對;錄音只是提到飲食是減緩認(rèn)知能力衰退的因素之一，并沒有指是均衡飲食，也有可能指提高記憶力的食材，因此 C 項也不準(zhǔn)確。
25 What did James Burke recommend to reduce the incidence of cognitive decline?
[C]【解析】錄音最后提到，James Burke 提出一些建議，從醫(yī)學(xué)、營養(yǎng)和認(rèn)知刺激的角度來看，人們采取健康的生活方式，可以減少認(rèn)知能力衰退的發(fā)生，故 C 項“嘗試放棄不健康的生活方式”正確。
【干擾項排除】A 項“忽略衰老的癥狀和體征”、B 項“采取積極的生活態(tài)度”和 D 項“時不時向醫(yī)生征求建議”錄音均沒有提及，故予以排除。
閱讀參考答案
26 [N]空格前的 of 表明此處應(yīng)填入動名詞，與介詞 on 搭配�？崭窈蟮� roller-skates 指“溜冰鞋”，詞庫的動名詞中，strapping 可與 on 搭配，后接表示鞋子的賓語，意為“用帶子系上(鞋子)”，符合此處語境。
27[I]此處需填入修飾 attitude 的詞，由 a 可知需填入的單詞是輔音字母開頭的。上文提到“你”喜歡溜旱冰，穿上鞋子就微笑�！澳恪蓖瑯又懒锖当呛芎玫倪\動，因此這種態(tài)度是積極正面的，故填入 positive “積極的”。
28[D]此處應(yīng)填入謂語動詞，由主語 description 可知是第三人稱單數(shù)形式。文章開頭的 Let's say...表明第一段對溜旱冰的描繪是舉例，因此此處符合語義邏輯的是
illustrates“說明，闡明”，該處句子的意思是“對溜旱冰的描述說明了態(tài)度有三個組成部分”。 29[C]此處應(yīng)填入謂語動詞，由主語 feelings 可知是動詞原形。本句要說明態(tài)度的第一個部分 affect “情感”，主語 these feelings 指的是對溜旱冰這項活動的喜愛之情，
highlight “強調(diào)，突出”與賓語 the affective or emotional component“情感或感情部分”搭配合理。而 prevail“流行，盛行;獲勝”是不及物動詞,prompt “推動;提示”在語義上也不合邏輯。
30[B]空格在名詞 health 之后，可能填入副詞或名詞。因為空格后的 that the activity can bring“這項活動可以帶來的”是定語從句，故應(yīng)填入名詞，充當(dāng)從句先行詞。第一段提到“你”知道溜旱冰是極好的運動(excellent exercise)，因此本句填入語義相關(guān)的 benefits “好處”。
31[L]此處應(yīng)填入謂語動詞，構(gòu)成～sb. to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)，主語 attitudes 表明該詞是原形。符合要求的是 prompt “促使”，句子意思是“我們的態(tài)度促使我們?nèi)ネ饷嫦硎芰锖当臉啡ぁ薄?/p>
32 [E]空格前的 the 表明此處應(yīng)填入名詞，空格后 that 引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句，意為“這三個組成部分總是協(xié)調(diào)統(tǒng)一的”。impression“印象”符合上下文語義，指“我們不想給你留下這種印象”,呼應(yīng)后文“它們并不是”。
33[H]空格在 work together 之后，故應(yīng)填入副詞。perfectly“完美地”符合語境，指這三個部分配合完美。上下文沒有表示動作先后的描述，故 primarily“主要地，首先”不對。 34 [A]由 or 可知此處應(yīng)填入與 eating 并列的動名詞，意思上表示相反的情況，因此 avoiding“避免”正確，指“吃比薩還是不吃”。
35[J]空格前的 may 表明此處應(yīng)填入動詞原形，且是不及物動詞。上一句提到情感部分可能更強的情形(probably will be stronger)，本句指認(rèn)知部分更強的情況，故填入與 be stronger 近義的 prevail“獲勝”。
36 [I]【譯文】如今很多符合資格的年輕選民對地方選舉或者全國大選不感興趣。
【定位解析】根據(jù) eligible for voting 和 national elections 查找到 I 段最后一句，該句提到最年輕的(18 至 24 歲)合格選民的投票率非常低。即使是全國大選，他們之中也只有稍多于四分之一的人會去投票。題目的 young people eligible for voting 對應(yīng)原文中的 youngest eligible voters,而 national elections 則為文中原詞復(fù)現(xiàn),故本題答案為 I 段。
37[B]【譯文】父母擔(dān)心自己的孩子在步入青少年時期后會卷入刑事犯罪中。
【定位解析】根據(jù) concerned, criminal offences 以及 reach their teens,可查找到 B 段最后兩句。這兩句提到在跟年輕人有關(guān)的電視新聞畫面中，有 20%與刑事案件有關(guān)，父母總是擔(dān)心自己的小孩到了青春叛逆期會變得難以管控，題目是該處原文的同義表達。本題中的 criminal offences 對應(yīng)原文的 criminal justice system, concern 對應(yīng)原文的 worry，而 once they reach their teens 則是 once they hit the turbulent waters of adolescence 的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故本題答案為 B 段。
38 [F]【譯文】即使在上世紀(jì)動蕩不安的年代里，年輕人的反叛也經(jīng)常被媒體描述得太夸張。
【定位解析】根據(jù) youth rebellion 和 exaggerated 可查找到 F 段第 3 句。該句提到，即使在當(dāng)時，所謂的“大規(guī)模的年輕人叛逆”也被媒體報道夸大了。本題的 exaggerated 是原文 overdone 的同義表達(overdo 意為“對……過于夸張”),youth rebellion 則為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，所以 F 段為正確答案。
39[D]【譯文】現(xiàn)在的青少年經(jīng)常在一些重要的事情上，比如說選擇職業(yè)時，征求父母的建議。
【定位解析】根據(jù)題目中的 turn to their parents for advice 和 career choice 可查找到 D 段第 3 句。該句提到，現(xiàn)在的青少年很欽佩他們的父母，也很樂于在一些重大的事情上，比如在選擇職業(yè)時，接受父母的引導(dǎo)。題目是該處原文的同義表述，turn to their parents for advice 對應(yīng)原文的 welcome parental guidance,而 career choice 為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故本題答案為 D 段。
40 [C]【譯文】青少年犯罪和品行不端的現(xiàn)象正在減少。
【定位解析】根據(jù)題目中的 teenage crime 和 decreasing 查找到 C 段第 3 句。該句提到，犯罪、藥物濫用和婚前性行為這些現(xiàn)象在青少年群體中普遍都有所減少。本題中的 decreasing 是原文 in general decline 的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，misbehavior 是對原文 drug abuse and premarital sex 的概括，而 teenage crime 為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，題目正是對該句原文的同義表述，所以 C 段為正確答案。
41[K]【譯文】年輕人要有崇高的理想，要力爭成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。
【定位解析】根據(jù) lofty ideals 和 leaders,查找到 K 段第 2 句。該句指出，年輕人也應(yīng)當(dāng)要有一些崇高的目標(biāo)，包括愿意為這個更廣大的社會做出貢獻、熱愛國家、心懷成為未來領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的遠(yuǎn)大抱負(fù)。題目中的 lofty ideals 是原文 noble purposes 的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，strive to be leaders 對應(yīng)文中的 make their own leadership contributions，故 K 段為正確答案。
42 [A]【譯文】有些年輕人會把某些東西藏起來不讓父母發(fā)現(xiàn)。
【定位解析】根據(jù) keep some to themselves 查找到 A 段末句。該句指出，雖然有超過三分之一的青少年會在房間里藏一些不想讓父母發(fā)現(xiàn)的東西，但也不過就是些低俗的刊物或者 CD 罷了。題目中的 keep some to themselves 是對原文 keep secret from their parents 的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故選 A 段。
43 [L]【譯文】鼓勵年輕人探索更廣闊的世界并為將世界變得更美好而做好準(zhǔn)備，這是有益的。
【定位解析】根據(jù)題目中的 encourage、explore、world 可查找到 L 段的最后一句。該句指出，鼓勵年輕人探索超越直接經(jīng)驗的世界，讓他們?yōu)楦淖兪澜缍龊脺?zhǔn)備，我們會有無窮的收獲。題目中的 It is beneficial 是對文中 We have everything to gain 的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，explore the broader world 和原文中的 explore the world beyond their immediate experience 對應(yīng)，make it a better world 即原文中的 shaping that world，故正確答案為 L 段。
44 [E]【譯文】現(xiàn)在很多青少年都會為需要幫助的人提供服務(wù)。
【定位解析】根據(jù) service 和 the needy 查找到 E 段第 2 句。該句指出，很多青少年都會自愿參加幫助弱勢群體的社區(qū)服務(wù)。題目中的 the needy 是原文 disadvantaged people 的同義替換，故答案為 E 段。
45[J]【譯文】采訪發(fā)現(xiàn)，學(xué)生基本都只關(guān)注自己的事。
【定位解析】根據(jù)題目中的 Interviews 和 personal matters 查找到 J 段第 4 句。J 段講到被采訪的學(xué)生的反饋，當(dāng)被問及想有什么改變時，學(xué)生們都只提到了跟自身有關(guān)的事，即只關(guān)注自己的事。題目正是對此處的同義概括，personal matters 是原文 personal concerns 的同義表達，故正確答案為 J 段。
46 [C]【定位】根據(jù)題干中的 the revised “Green Guides”定位至第 2 段。
【解析】本題問“綠色指南”修訂版要求商家怎么做。第 2 段首句指出聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易委員會警告商家不得使用諸如“生態(tài)友好的”之類表達寬泛的標(biāo)簽。第 2 句指出商家須具體怎么做,包括要證明其產(chǎn)品包裝上的描述屬實、明確具體的益處。C 項“具體說明其產(chǎn)品為何是綠色的”與原文吻合，其中 Specify 為原文中 specific 的同義表達，故選 C 項。
【干擾項排除】A 項“制造盡可能多的綠色產(chǎn)品”并非聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易委員會的要求。聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易委員會要求商家使其產(chǎn)品的益處具體化，如寫明產(chǎn)品中有多少可回收成分，而非 B 項“指出其產(chǎn)品是否可回收”。文章并未提及 D 項“所有產(chǎn)品貼上綠色標(biāo)簽”。
47 [D]【定位】根據(jù)題干中的 an explosion of green claims 定位至第 6 段。
【解析】本題問作者對于消費者在面對綠色環(huán)保宣傳泛濫時的表現(xiàn)有何看法。第 6 段首句指出在過去 5 年左右的時間里，聲稱綠色環(huán)保的宣傳呈爆發(fā)狀態(tài)。第 2 句指出消費者并不總是了解他們要購買的產(chǎn)品。D 項“他們并不清楚哪種產(chǎn)品才是真正綠色環(huán)保的”與原文相符，故為答案。
【干擾項排除】A 項“他們能輕易看穿營銷陷阱”與文中說的“消費者不總是了解”不符。上文雖提到消費者選購產(chǎn)品時會覺得迷惑，但不能由此得出 B 項“他們必須花費大量時間來挑選產(chǎn)品”。文中有兩處提到“綠色認(rèn)證”，其一是莊臣公司遭到集體訴訟的事例，但并未提及“集體訴訟”是消費者發(fā)起的，故不能得出 C 項“他們對當(dāng)前的綠色認(rèn)證存在疑慮”。
48 [C]【定位】根據(jù)題干中的 SC Johnson 和 the class-action lawsuits 定位至第 7 段第 2 句。
【解析】本題詢問在集體訴訟案中，莊臣公司被指控的罪名是什么。第 7 段第 2 句指出，2008 到 2009 年間，莊臣公司遭到集體訴訟，被指在其清潔產(chǎn)品上使用“綠色清單”標(biāo)簽。第 3 句指出訴訟認(rèn)為該標(biāo)簽具有誤導(dǎo)性，原因是“會使消費者誤認(rèn)為該產(chǎn)品已通過第三方認(rèn)證”。C 項“它誤導(dǎo)消費者相信他們的產(chǎn)品已獲得第三方認(rèn)證”與原文意思一致，其中 misled 對應(yīng)原文的 misleading,故 C 項為答案。
【干擾項排除】A 項“它讓消費者認(rèn)為其所有產(chǎn)品都是真正的綠色產(chǎn)品”，涉案的只是莊臣公司的清潔產(chǎn)品，并未說是其所有產(chǎn)品，A 項可排除。本文未提及莊臣公司“授權(quán)第三方為其產(chǎn)品打上環(huán)保標(biāo)簽”和“銷售不在官方綠色清單中的清潔產(chǎn)品”，故 B、D 兩項也可排除。 49[A]【定位】根據(jù)題干中的 Christopher Beard 定位至第 8 段。
【解析】本題詢問 Christopher Beard 如何為該公司的標(biāo)簽行為作辯解。本段講到
Christopher Beard 對本公司在綠色清單體系所取得的成就感到驕傲，并且相信他們能在這些“集體訴訟”案子里勝出，然而他也承認(rèn)這個(綠色標(biāo)簽)領(lǐng)域很難規(guī)范、指引。由此可知，Christopher Beard 認(rèn)為那時候在綠色標(biāo)簽事項上沒有明確的指導(dǎo)方針，剛好對應(yīng)文章開頭說的如今美國聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易委員會關(guān)于綠色標(biāo)簽的提議，因此 A 項為答案。
【干擾項排除】雖然使用生態(tài)環(huán)保標(biāo)簽是市場風(fēng)行的做法，但是無法確定給產(chǎn)品加上自己公司的認(rèn)證這一做法是否普遍，而且 C 項“符合市場的普遍做法”也不是 Christopher Beard 的辯護觀點，故不選。文章未提及 B 項“其公司產(chǎn)品廣為公眾接受”和 D 項“法律不要求第三方認(rèn)證”，也可排除。
50[B]【定位】根據(jù)題干直接定位至第 11 段第 2 句。
【解析】本題詢問凱文?威廉引用的 Wild West 所指的意義。第 11 段第 2 句先指出當(dāng)前綠色認(rèn)證的亂象猶如往昔的“西大荒”，隨后指出具體亂在哪些方面：人人都可以宣稱自己是環(huán)保的，與歷史上美國西部拓荒時期的無政府混亂狀態(tài)如出一轍，因此 B 項“每家公司在綠色標(biāo)簽這方面都有自己的做法”與該句表述相符，為本題答案。
【干擾項排除】文章指出各公司競相推出各自的綠色環(huán)保宣傳或廣告，而非“競相生產(chǎn)綠色產(chǎn)品”，故排除 A 項。C 項“消費者對有綠色標(biāo)簽的產(chǎn)品很狂熱”、D 項“西部地區(qū)所生產(chǎn)的任何產(chǎn)品都可以標(biāo)記為綠色產(chǎn)品”曲解了 “the Wild West”中 wild 和 west 的意義。
51[B]【定位】根據(jù)題干中的 America's education system 定位至第 1 段。
【解析】本題詢問文章對美國教育系統(tǒng)的評價。文章首段即明確指出作者的觀點：美國的教育系統(tǒng)不再是通往機遇的階梯，已然成為將不平等代代相傳的體系�？梢娮髡哒J(rèn)為教育原本具有的消除不平等的功能已不存在，B 項“對消除不平等毫無作用”為答案。
【干擾項排除】第 1 句指出美國的教育系統(tǒng)不再是通往機遇的階梯，但并非變成了“為富人提供通往機遇的階梯”，故排除 A 項。后半句指出教育系統(tǒng)變成了將不平等代代相傳的體系，并不是指教育系統(tǒng)不變，C 項“幾代人以來基本上保持不變”曲解其意，故排除;文章未提及教育體系具有 D 項“將幾代人培養(yǎng)成有責(zé)任感的公民”的功能，也可排除。 52 [B]【定位】根據(jù)題干中的 inner-city schools 定位至第 3 段第 1 句。
【解析】本題詢問內(nèi)城區(qū)學(xué)校表現(xiàn)不佳的主要原因。第 3 段首句指出，內(nèi)城區(qū)學(xué)校表現(xiàn)糟糕的主要原因不是教師工會，而是 poverty(貧窮)。與 poverty 同義的 B 項“缺乏財政來源”為答案。題干中的 is chiefly responsible for 對應(yīng)原文的 main reason, undesirable performance 對應(yīng) do poorly。
【干擾項排除】原文中只是提到主要原因不在于教師工會，而是貧窮，A 項“不合格教師”非主要原因。文章內(nèi)容未涉及 C 項“不良的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境”和 D 項“潛意識的種族歧視”，也可排除。
53[C]【定位】根據(jù)題干中的 the union 及題干詢問內(nèi)容可定位至第 4 段第 1、2 句。
【解析】本題詢問作者的觀點，工會應(yīng)該如何作為來贏得公眾支持。上段末尾提到工會抵制市長采取的一些措施，本段第 1 句提出了作者的觀點：如果工會只是致力于獲取更高的補償，他會贊同(sympathetic)。第 2 句進一步說明為什么工會應(yīng)該致力于獲取更高的補償金：只有高薪才能夠吸引優(yōu)秀人才到貧困地區(qū)的學(xué)校任教。因此工會應(yīng)該“為教師爭取更高的報酬”,C 項正確。
【干擾項排除】工會抵制了市長采取的一些措施，A 項“幫助市政府改革學(xué)�！笨膳懦��；诒疚�，教師工會的職能主要是為教師提供保護和爭取福利，不包括 B 項“為內(nèi)城區(qū)學(xué)校提供建設(shè)性的建議”和 D 項“幫助教師提高教學(xué)質(zhì)量”。
54 [D]【定位】根據(jù)題干中的 the gold standard study, Harvard and Columbia
University scholars 定位至第 5 段第 2 句。
【解析】本題詢問哈佛大學(xué)和哥倫比亞大學(xué)的學(xué)者開展的金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)研究的結(jié)果。因此該句 found 后的賓語從句即為答案：即使是在極度貧困地區(qū)的學(xué)校，教師也總是會對教育產(chǎn)生巨大的，或積極或消極的影響。因此，D 項“學(xué)生的表現(xiàn)與教師密切相關(guān)”為答案，體現(xiàn)了教師對教育所產(chǎn)生的影響。題干中的 finding 是原文 found 的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。
【干擾項排除】文章中提及部分內(nèi)城區(qū)學(xué)校的師資不佳，但并非該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的結(jié)果，因此 A 項“很多內(nèi)城區(qū)學(xué)校的教師無法勝任他們的工作”可排除。文章未提及內(nèi)城區(qū)學(xué)校學(xué)生的行為以及他們對教師的態(tài)度，因此 B 項“大部分內(nèi)城區(qū)的孩子經(jīng)常翹課”和 C 項“很多學(xué)生對他們的教師不滿”也可排除。
55 [A]【定位】根據(jù)題干中的 Chicago union's, demand 和 an insult to students 定位至最后三段。
【解析】本題詢問為什么說芝加哥工會的要求是對學(xué)生的侮辱。第 9 段指出芝加哥工會堅持認(rèn)為那些被解聘的(通常是不稱職的)教師擁有優(yōu)先聘用權(quán)，作者認(rèn)為這對學(xué)生是個侮辱，第 10 和第 11 段對此作具體解釋，指出不應(yīng)過度保護這些人的工作權(quán)益，一旦滿足工會要求、保護這些人的權(quán)益，學(xué)生的權(quán)益就會被犧牲掉。因此 A 項“以犧牲學(xué)生為代價保護不稱職的教師”為答案，at the expense of 是原文中 sacrifices 的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。
【干擾項排除】文章未涉及工會對學(xué)生辨別和學(xué)習(xí)能力的評估，B 項“低估了學(xué)生辨別好老師和壞老師的能力”、D 項“完全忽視學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)過程中的主動性”均可排除。文章未提及歧視問題，C 項“讓學(xué)生感到在多方面遭受歧視”也可排除。
翻譯參考答案
表達難點
1. 第一句有兩個謂語動詞“是一種……”及“源于……”，可將前者處理為英文句子的謂語成分，后者作“服裝”的后置定語，形式既可用非謂語動詞(originating from)也可用定語從句(that originates from...)。
2. 第二句可以處理成一個定語從句，主干是“旗袍是長袍”，“王室女性穿著的”是修飾長袍的定語。用非謂語動詞作定語，“旗袍”和“穿”是被動關(guān)系，因此用過去分詞形式。
3. 第三句的“發(fā)生變化”可以用 undergo changes 這個搭配�！笆芪鞣椒椀挠绊憽笨梢杂梅衷~作狀語的結(jié)構(gòu) influenced by...，也可以處理成 due to the influence of...。
4. 第二段都是體現(xiàn)旗袍重要性的一些短句子，如逐一翻譯，譯文會顯得比較松散，可以使用一些結(jié)構(gòu)或詞語將它們銜接起來，比如 not only... but also..., moreover, even 等。 參考譯文
Qipao is an elegant type of Chinese dress that originates from the Manchu Nationality. In the Qing Dynasty, it was a loose gown worn by females of the royal family. In 1920s，it underwent some changes due to the influence of western dress. Its cuffs became narrower and the length was shortened as well.Such changes allow the beauty of female to be fully displayed.
Nowadays Qipao is not only frequently seen on world-class fashion shows, but also the first-choice dress for Chinese women to attend some important social gatherings. Moreover, many Chinese brides choose it as their wedding gowns. Some influential figures even have suggested making Qipao a national dress for Chinese women.
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