- 相關(guān)推薦
6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題及答案
無(wú)論是身處學(xué)校還是步入社會(huì)，我們都不可避免地會(huì)接觸到試題，試題是考核某種技能水平的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。大家知道什么樣的試題才是規(guī)范的嗎？以下是小編幫大家整理的6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題及答案，歡迎大家分享。
6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題及答案 1
作文：
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on the kids understanding of going to school.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
“Why am I going to school if my phone already knows everything?”
Section A——聽(tīng)力選擇題
Directions : In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end ofeach conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will bea pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B), C.and D),and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
1.A.He will give the woman some tips on the game.
B.The woman has good reason to quit the game.
C.He is willing to play chess with the woman.
D.The woman should go on playing chess.
2.A.The man can forward the mail to Mary.
B.She can call Mary to take care of the mail.
C.Mary probably knows Sallys new address.
D.She would like to resume contact with Sally.
3.A.His handwriting has a unique style.
B.His notes are not easy to read.
C.He did not attend todays class.
D.He is very pleased to be able to help.
4.A.The man had better choose another restaurant.
B.The new restaurant is a perfect place for dating.
C.The new restaurant caught her fancy immediately.
D.The man has good taste in choosing the restaurant.
5.A.He has been looking forward to spring.
B.He has been waiting for the winter sale.
C.He will clean the womans boots for spring.
D.He will help the woman put things away.
6.A.The woman is rather forgetful.
B.The man appreciates the womans help.
C.The man often lends books to the woman.
D.The woman often works overtime at weekends.
7.A.Go to work on foot.
B.Take a sightseeing trip.
C.Start work earlier than usual.
D.Take a walk when the weather is nice.
8.A.The plane is going to land at another airport.
B.All flights have been delayed due to bad weather.
C.Temporary closing has disturbed the airports operation.
D.The airports management is in real need of improvement.
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
9.A.It specializes in safety from leaks.
B.It is headquartered in London.
C.It has a partnership with LCP.
D.It has a chemical processing plant.
10.A.He is Mr.Grands friend.
B.He is a safety inspector.
C.He is a salesman.
D.He is a chemist.
11.A.Director of the safety department.
B.Mr.Grands personal assistant.
C.Head of the personnel department.
D.The public relations officer.
12.A.Walt for Mr.Grand to call back.
B.Leave a message for Mr.Grand.
C.Provide details of their products and services.
D.Send a comprehensive description of their work.
Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
13.A.She learned playing the violin from a famous French musician.
B.She dreamed of working and living in a European country.
C.She read a lot about European musicians and their music.
D.She listened to recordings of many European orchestras.
14.A.She began taking violin lessons as a small child.
B.She was a pupil of a famous European violinist.
C.She gave her first performance with her father.
D.She became a professional violinist at fifteen.
15.A.It gave her a chance to explore the city.
B.It was the chance of a lifetime.
C.It was a great challenge to her.
D.It helped her learn classical French music.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage, you will hearsome questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A., B),C.and D ).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.
Passage One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16.A.There are mysterious stories behind his works.
B.There are many misunderstandings about him.
C.His works have no match worldwide.
D.His personal history is little known.
17.A.He moved to Stratford-on-Avon in his childhood.
B.He failed to go beyond grammar school.
C.He was a member of the town council.
D.He once worked in a well-known acting company.
18.A.Writers of his time had no means to protect their works.
B.Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire.
C.His works were adapted beyond recognition.
D.People of his time had little interest in him.
Passage Two
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19.A.Theft.
B.Cheating.
C.Air crash.
D.Road accidents.
20.A.Learn the local customs.
B.Make hotel reservations.
C.Book tickets well in advance.
D.Have the right documents.
21.A.Contact your agent.
B.Get a lift if possible.
C.Use official transport.
D.Have a friend meet you.
Passage Three
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22.A.Cut down production cost.
B.Sell inexpensive products.
C.Specialise in gold ornaments.
D.Refine the taste of his goods.
23.A.At a national press conference.
B.During a live television interview.
C.During a local sales promotion campaign.
D.At a meeting of top British businesspeople.
24.A.Insulted.
B.Puzzled.
C.Distressed.
D.Discouraged.
25.A.The words of some businesspeople are just rubbish.
B.He who never learns from the past is bound to fail.
C.There should be a limit to ones sense of humour.
D.He is not laughed at, that laughs at himself first.
Section C——聽(tīng)力填空題
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the firsttime, you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for thesecond time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have justheard.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what youhave written.
Looking at the basic biological systems, the world is not doing very well.Yet economic indicators show the world is (26) Despite a slow start at the beginning of the eighties, global economic output increased by more than a fifth during the (27) The economy grew, trade increased, and millions of new jobs were created.How can biological indicators show the 28 of economic indicators?
The answer is that the economic indicators have a basic fault: they show no difference between resource uses that( 29) progress and those uses that will hurt it.The main measure of economic progress is the gross national product (GNP). (30) , this totals the value of all goods and services produced and subtracts loss in value of factories and equipment.Developed a half-century ago, GNP helped (31) a common way among countries of measuring change in economic output.For some time, this seemed to work (32 )well, but serious weaknesses are now appearing.As indicated earlier, GNP includes loss in value of factories and equipment, but it does not( 33 )the loss of natural resources, including nonrenewable resources such as oil or renewable resources such as forests.
This basic fault can produce a( 34 )sense of national economic health.According to GNP, for example, countries that overcut forests actually do better than those that preserve their forests.The trees cut down are counted as income but no subtraction is made for (35 )the forests.
Section A：選詞填空
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
The U.S.Department of Education is making efforts to ensure that all students have equal access to a quality education.Today it is(36) the launch of the Excellent Educators for All Initiative.The initiative will help states and school districts support great educators for the students who need them most.
"All children are(37 )to a high-quality education regardless of their race, zip code or family income.It is (38 )important that we provide teachers and principals the support they need to help students reach their full (39) ," U.S.Secretary of Education Arne Duncan said." Despite the excellent work and deep( 40 )of our nations teachers and principals, students in high-poverty, high- minority schools are unfairly treated across our country.We have to do better.Local leaders and educators will (41 )their own creative solutions, but we must work together to (42) our focus on how to better recruit, support and(43) effective teachers and principals for all students, especially the kids who need them most."
Todays announcement is another important step forward in improving access to a quality education, a (44 )of President Obamas year of action.Later today, Secretary Duncan will lead a roundtable discussion with principals and school teachers from across the country about the (45 )of working in high-need schools and how to adopt promising practices for supporting great educators in these schools.
A.Announcing
B.beneficial
C.challenges
D.commitment
E.component
F.contests
G.critically
H.develop
I.distributing
J.enhance
K.entitled
L.potential
M.properly
N.qualified
O.retain
Section B——長(zhǎng)篇閱讀
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
The Changes Facing Fast Food
A)Fast-food firms have to be a thick-skinned bunch.Health experts regularly criticise them severelyfor selling food that makes people fat.Critics even complain that McDonalds, whose logosymbolises calorie excess, should not have been allowed to sponsor the World Cup.These arethings fast-food firms have learnt to cope with.But not perhaps for much longer.The burgerbusiness faces more pressure from regulators at a time when it is already adapting strategies inresponse to shifts in the global economy.
B)Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof.When consumers need to cut spending, the logicgoes, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive.Such "trading down"proved true for much of the latest recession, when fast-food companies picked up customers who could no longer afford to eat at casual restaurants.Traffic was boosted in America, the home of fast food, with discounts and promotions, such as $1 menus and cheap combination meals.
C)As a result, fast-food chains have weathered the recession better than their more expensive competitors.In 2009 sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6% , but total sales remained about the same at fast-food chains.In some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food increased.Same-store sales in America at McDonalds, the worlds largest fast-food company, did not decline throughout the downturn.Panera Bread, an American fast-food chain known for its fresh ingredients, performed well, too, because it offers higher-quality food at lower prices than restaurants.
D)But not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate.Many, such as Burger King, have seen sales fall.In a severe recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money.David Palmer, an analyst at UBS, a bank, says smaller fast- food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carls Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they are competing with the global giant McDonalds, which increased spending on advertising by more than 7% last year as others cut back.
E)Some fast-food companies also sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better value.During the recession companies set prices low, hoping that once they had tempted customers through the door they would be persuaded to order more expensive items.But in many cases that strategy did not work.Last year Burger King franchisees (特許經(jīng)營(yíng)人)sued (起訴)the company over its double-cheeseburger promotion, claiming it was unfair for them to be repuired to sell these for $1 when they cost$1.10 to make.In May a judge ruled in favour of Burger King.Nevertheless, the company may still be cursing its decision to promote cheap choices over more expensive ones because items on its "value menu" now account for around 20% of all sales, upfrom 12% last October.
F)Analysts expect the fast-food industry to grow modestly this year.But the downturn is makingcompanies rethink their strategies.Many are now introducing higher-priced items to entice (引誘)consumers away from $1 specials.KFC, a division of Yum! Brands, which also owns Taco Belland Pizza Hut, has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $5.And in May Burger Kingintroduced barbecue (燒烤)pork ribs at $7 for eight.
G)Companies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, including drinks.McDonalds started selling better coffee as a challenge to Starbucks.Its " McCafe" line nowaccounts for an estimated 6% of sales in America.Starbucks has sold rights to its Seattles Bestcoffee brand to Burger King, which will start selling it later this year.
H)As fast-food companies shift from "super size" to "more buys", they need to keep customer traffichigh throughout the day.Many see breakfast as a big opporttmity, and not just for fatty food.McDonalds will start selling porridge (粥)in America next year.Breakfast has the potential to bevery profitable, says Sara Senatore of Bernstein, a research firm, because the margins can be high.Fast-food companies are also adding midday and late-night snacks, such as blended drinks andwraps.The idea is that by having a greater range of things on the menu, "we can sell to consumersproducts they want all day," says Rick Carucci., the .chief financial officer of Yum ! Brands.
I)But what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided governmentregulation.By providing healthy options, like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at leastgiven the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity (肥胖癥).These offeringsare not necessarily loss-leaders, as they broaden the appeal of outlets to groups of diners thatinclude some people who dont want to eat a burger.But customers cannot be forced to ordersalads instead of fries.
J)In the future, simply offering a healthy option may not be good enough."Every packaged-food and restaurant company I know is concerned about regulation right now," says Mr.Palmer of UBS.Americas health-reform bill, which Congress passed this year, requires restaurant chains with 20 ormore outlets to put the calorie-content of items they serve on the menu.A study by the NationalBureau of Economic Research, which tracked the effects on Starbucks of a similar calorie-postinglaw in New York City in 2007, found that the average calorie-count per transaction fell 6% andrevenue increased 3% at Starbucks stores where a Dunldn Donuts outlet was nearby--a sign, it issaid, that menu-labelling could favour chains that have more healthy offerings.
K)In order to avoid other legislation in America and elsewhere, fast-food companies will have tocontinue innovating (創(chuàng)新).Walt Riker of McDonalds claims the change it has made in its menumeans it offers more healthy items than it did a few years ago."We probably sell more vegetables,more milk, more salads, more apples than any restaurant business in the world," he says.But therecent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonalds from including toys in its high-calorie"Happy Meals", because legislators believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests there isa lot more left to do.
46.Some people propose laws be made to stop McDonalds from attaching toys to its food specials for children.
47.Fast-food finns may not be able to cope with pressures from food regulation in the near future.
48.Burger King will start to sell Seattles Best coffee to increase sales.
49.Some fast-food firms provide healthy food to give the impression they are helping to tackle the obesity problem.
50.During the recession, many customers turned to fast food to save money.
51.Many people eat out less often to save money in times of recession.
52.During the recession, Burger Kings promotional strategy of offering low-priced items often proved ineffective.
53.Fast-food restaurants can make a lot of money by selling breakfast.
54.Many fast-food companies now expect to increase their revenue by introducing higher-priced items.
55.A newly-passed law asks big fast-food chains to specify the calorie count of what they serve on the menu.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A., B), C.andD ).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
If you think a high-factor sunscreen (防曬霜)keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be wrong.Research in this weeks Nature shows that while factor 50 reduces the number of melanomas(黑瘤)and delays their occurrence, it cant prevent them.Melanomas are the most aggressive skin cancers.You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had one.Melanomas are more common if you have periodic intense exposure to the sun.Other skin cancers are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.
There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancer.A 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed.A second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1,101 who didnt have the cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats,long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some protection.This study said other forms of sun protection not sunscreen seemed most beneficial.The study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so its not entirely reliable.But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security in the sun.
Many people also dont use sunscreen properly applying insufficient amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too long.It is sunburn that is most worrying recent research shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin cancers.
The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates, as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap campaign.So if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, slop on (抹上)sunscreen and slap on a hat.
56.What is peoples common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?
A.It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.
B.It will protect them from sunburn.
C.It will keep their skin smooth and fair.
D.It will work for people of any skin color.
57.What does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen?
A.It is ineffective in preventing melanomas.
B.It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.
C.It is ineffective with long-term exposure.
D.It is ineffective for people with fair skin.
58.What do we learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people?
A.Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures.
B.High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.
C.Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.
D.Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.
59.What does the author say about the second Australian study?
A.It misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.
B.It helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.
C.It is not based on direct observation of the subjects.
D.It confirms the results of the first Australian study.
60.What does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates?
A.Using both covering up and sunscreen.
B.Staying in the shade whenever possible.
C.Using covering up instead of sunscreen.
D.Applying the right amount of sunscreen.
Passage Two——仔細(xì)閱讀
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled.Some65% of American men aged 62 -74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with32% of men with only a high-school certificate.This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor.Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled.The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.
The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before.Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion.The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity (長(zhǎng)壽)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.
But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled.Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer.The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers (二戰(zhàn)后生育高峰期出生的美國(guó)人)are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.
Policy is partly responsible.Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early.Rising life expectancy (預(yù)期壽命), combined with the replacement of generous defmed-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement.But the changing nature of work also plays a big role.Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation.Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.
61.What is happening in the workforce in rich countries?
A.Younger people are replacing the elderly.
B.Well-educated people tend to work longer.
C.Unemployment rates are rising year after year.
D.People with no college degree do not easily find work.
62.What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?
A.Longer life expectancies.
B.A rapid technological advance.
C.Profound changes in the workforce.
D.A growing number of the well-educated.
63.What do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century?
A.Economic growth will slow down.
B.Government budgets will increase.
C.More people will try to pursue higher education.
D.There will be more competition in the job market.
64.What is the result of policy changes in European countries?
A.Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.
B.More people have to receive in-service training.
C.Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.
D.People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.
65.What is characteristic of work in the 21st century?
A.Computers will do more complicated work.
B.More will be taken by the educated young.
C.Most jobs to be done will be the creative ones.
D.Skills are highly valued regardless of age.
翻譯： Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中國(guó)是世界上最古老的文明之一。構(gòu)成現(xiàn)代世界基礎(chǔ)的許多元素都起源于中國(guó)。中國(guó)現(xiàn)在擁有世界上發(fā)展最快的經(jīng)濟(jì)，并正經(jīng)歷著一次新的工業(yè)革命。中國(guó)還啟動(dòng)了雄心勃勃的太空探索計(jì)劃，其中包括到2020年建成一個(gè)太空站。目前，中國(guó)是世界最大的出口國(guó)之一，并正在吸引大量外國(guó)投資。同時(shí)，它也在海外投資數(shù)十億美元。2011年，中國(guó)超越日本成為世界第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體。
答案解析：
1.D)。選項(xiàng)中多次出現(xiàn)game和play chess，可以推測(cè)對(duì)話內(nèi)容與下象棋有關(guān)。另外，從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容審可以椎測(cè)，對(duì)話講的府該縣女士想放棄下象棋，男士給出建議或指導(dǎo)。
本題的關(guān)鍵在于聽(tīng)懂反問(wèn)句和反問(wèn)的語(yǔ)調(diào)。女士說(shuō)因?yàn)榻裉煊州斄�，所以打算放棄下象棋。男士沒(méi)有正面回應(yīng)，而是反問(wèn)了兩句：Just because you lost?Is that any reaSon to quit?”僅僅是因?yàn)檩斄藛?那能算是放棄的理由嗎?”言外之意就是不該放棄。換句話說(shuō)就是，男士建議女士繼續(xù)下棋。故本題答案為D)。
2.C)。選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了mail，address和contact等詞，可以推測(cè)對(duì)話內(nèi)容和郵件有關(guān)：由選項(xiàng)中的瑪麗和薩利兩個(gè)人名可知對(duì)話的內(nèi)容涉及另外兩個(gè)人，人物較多，聽(tīng)錄音時(shí)應(yīng)注意區(qū)分人物之間的關(guān)系，做好標(biāo)記;另外，選項(xiàng)A)以the mail作主語(yǔ)，選項(xiàng)B)和D)以she作主語(yǔ)，可以推測(cè)該題會(huì)從女士的角度提問(wèn)，女士的話為聽(tīng)音重點(diǎn)。
本題的關(guān)鍵在于聽(tīng)到細(xì)節(jié)“Mary should know it.”男士想把薩利的郵件轉(zhuǎn)寄給她，問(wèn)女士是否知道她的地址。女士說(shuō)自己很久沒(méi)跟薩利聯(lián)系了，但是結(jié)尾補(bǔ)充了一句：“瑪麗應(yīng)該知道地址�！惫时绢}答案為C)。
3.B)。選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了handwriting，notes和class等詞，可以推測(cè)對(duì)話內(nèi)容應(yīng)該與上課做筆記有關(guān)。另外，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，A)和B)以his開(kāi)頭，C)和D)以he為主語(yǔ)，可以推測(cè)該題會(huì)從男士的角度提問(wèn)，男士的話為聽(tīng)音重點(diǎn)。
解題的關(guān)鍵是聽(tīng)懂反意疑問(wèn)句。女士想要借男士的筆記看，男士沒(méi)有正面回答，而是反問(wèn)道：Youve never seen my handwriting，have you?“你沒(méi)看過(guò)我的筆跡，對(duì)嗎?”言外之意就是自己的筆跡難以辨認(rèn)，不易讀懂。故本題答案為B)。
4.A)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)了choose和restaurant等詞，由此推測(cè)對(duì)話內(nèi)容與選擇飯店有關(guān)。另外，選項(xiàng)A)和D)均是講男士選擇飯店，而選項(xiàng)B)和C)則出現(xiàn)了dating和her，故可推測(cè)該題可能是從女士的角度看待男士所選擇的飯店，女士的話為聽(tīng)音重點(diǎn)。男士說(shuō)今晚要帶女朋友去新開(kāi)的飯店過(guò)生日。女士說(shuō)她上周去過(guò)，太讓她失望了。從rather disaDpointing可以聽(tīng)出女士話語(yǔ)中強(qiáng)烈的否定意味，言外之意就是建議男士不要去這家飯店了，應(yīng)該另選一家。故本題答案為A)。
5.A)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中三個(gè)都提到了季節(jié)，由此推測(cè)對(duì)話內(nèi)容可能與季節(jié)有關(guān)。另外，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是以he開(kāi)頭，故可判斷該題會(huì)從男士的角度進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，男士的話為聽(tīng)音重點(diǎn)。
女士說(shuō)，冬天終于結(jié)束了，可以把手套和靴子收起來(lái)了。男士回應(yīng)說(shuō)為此他已經(jīng)等了好幾個(gè)月了。顯然男士和女士一樣非常期待冬天的結(jié)束，也就是盼望春天的到來(lái)。故本題答案為A)。
6.B).四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，A)和D)以the woman為主語(yǔ)，B)和C)以the man為主語(yǔ)，選項(xiàng)在內(nèi)容上較分散，可以推測(cè)該題并非針對(duì)男士或女士個(gè)人的話提問(wèn)，而是考查對(duì)整個(gè)對(duì)話的理解，聽(tīng)音時(shí)應(yīng)注意從全局把握對(duì)話內(nèi)容。
對(duì)話開(kāi)頭，女士對(duì)男士說(shuō)，謝謝他把書(shū)送回來(lái)，由此可知應(yīng)該是男士借了女士的書(shū)，故首先排除C)項(xiàng)：男士說(shuō)，他認(rèn)為女士周末會(huì)用到，而且感謝女士讓他使用這些書(shū)，故本題選擇B)。
7.A)。選項(xiàng)中涉及work，on foot，trip和walk等詞，可推測(cè)對(duì)話和步行上班或旅行相關(guān)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，由此可推斷該題會(huì)對(duì)建議或計(jì)劃進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，應(yīng)特別注意和建議或計(jì)劃相關(guān)的表述。
女士問(wèn)男士的工作時(shí)間是否可以變通，男士回答說(shuō)，不能。但今天天氣很好，他決定步行去上班。所以必須比平常早一個(gè)小時(shí)出發(fā)。男士話語(yǔ)中有明顯的表示計(jì)劃的動(dòng)詞decided，其后的內(nèi)容就是本題的答案，故答案為A)。
8.C)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均涉及飛機(jī)和機(jī)場(chǎng)，而且都和機(jī)場(chǎng)存在的問(wèn)題有關(guān)，故聽(tīng)音的重點(diǎn)為機(jī)場(chǎng)在哪方面出現(xiàn)了問(wèn)題。
9.D)。由對(duì)話開(kāi)頭可知，男士在給女士打電話，女士問(wèn)男士有什么事情，男士在說(shuō)明來(lái)電目的前說(shuō)，自己了解到女士的公司有家化學(xué)加工廠，故D)為答案。
10.C)。對(duì)話中，男士先表明自己的身份，介紹了自己公司，說(shuō)明了來(lái)電目的是想和格蘭德先生討論如何幫助TGC公司防止泄漏，同時(shí)節(jié)省開(kāi)支的問(wèn)題，實(shí)際上就是要推薦自己公司的產(chǎn)品，由此可推斷男士是一名銷(xiāo)售員，故C)為答案。
11.B)。對(duì)話中，女士告知男士格蘭德先生非常忙，沒(méi)空與男士說(shuō)話，男士想找其他人商談，女士告訴他，他正和格蘭德先生的私人助理說(shuō)話，即女士就是格蘭德先生的私人助理，故B)為答案。
12.C)。對(duì)話中，女士說(shuō)let me suggest Something，由此可知，其后就是女士對(duì)男士的建議，即為該題的答案。對(duì)話中，女士建議男士將其公司產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的詳情以及其他公司的推薦信一并寄送過(guò)來(lái)，之后會(huì)和男士聯(lián)系，故C)為答案。
13.D)。男士問(wèn)女士是否想過(guò)會(huì)在西方世界生活和工作，女士回答說(shuō)沒(méi)有，但是自己一直都聽(tīng)歐洲大型管弦樂(lè)隊(duì)的唱片，由此可知女士在到歐洲之前聽(tīng)過(guò)很多歐洲管弦樂(lè)隊(duì)的唱片，故D)是答案。
14.A)。男士問(wèn)女士是否很小就喜歡古典音樂(lè)，女士給出肯定回答，并說(shuō)自己六歲就開(kāi)始在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)小提琴，故A)為答案。
15.B)。對(duì)話末尾，女士提到自己十五歲獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金到巴黎留學(xué)，男士詢(xún)問(wèn)女士父母對(duì)此有何感受，女士說(shuō)她父母喜憂(yōu)參半，因?yàn)檫@既是個(gè)千載難逢的機(jī)會(huì)，也意味著她要遠(yuǎn)離故鄉(xiāng)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有B)與原文相符，故為答案。
16.D)。短文中作者先提出“有多少人了解莎士比亞本人”的問(wèn)題，接著指出學(xué)者們經(jīng)過(guò)幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的研究之后，仍然在不斷探索他的個(gè)人史。由此可知，莎士比亞的個(gè)人史很少有人知道，故D)為答案。
17.C)。本題考查對(duì)莎士比亞父親的了解，由于使用的人稱(chēng)代詞都是he，會(huì)對(duì)聽(tīng)前預(yù)測(cè)造成一定的干擾，在聽(tīng)錄音時(shí)應(yīng)注意將選項(xiàng)和短文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行匹配區(qū)別。文章中提到莎士比亞的父親受人尊敬，是埃文河畔斯特拉特福鎮(zhèn)議會(huì)的一名成員，故C)為答案。
18.B)。文章中提到1666年倫敦的一場(chǎng)大火把很多重要文件燒毀了，而這些本來(lái)可能是了解莎士比亞的線索，因此莎士比亞的一部分生活將永遠(yuǎn)不為人所知，故B)為答案。
19.A)。短文開(kāi)頭部分提到，人們?cè)谕獬雎糜螘r(shí)遇到的大部分人都是既友好又熱情的，但也會(huì)遇到很多危險(xiǎn)，而其中最為常見(jiàn)的就是盜竊，故A)為答案。
20.D)。文中提到，在準(zhǔn)備出國(guó)旅游時(shí)，一定要確保文件正確，誰(shuí)都不想到了目的'地卻發(fā)現(xiàn)簽證錯(cuò)誤、護(hù)照過(guò)期等情況。選項(xiàng)D)中的documents與文中的paperwork是同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故D)為答案。
21.C)。文章最后給出建議：到達(dá)目的地后要選擇乘坐正規(guī)的交通工具，故C)為答案。
22.B)。短文提到，拉特納在1984年接管了父親的珠寶連鎖店后，決定以最低的價(jià)格賣(mài)出低檔產(chǎn)品，選項(xiàng)B)中sell inexpensive products是原文sell downmarket products的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故B)為答案。
23.D)。短文明確提到，在一次英國(guó)上層商人會(huì)議上，拉特納出席并解釋了自己成功的秘密，故D)為答案。
24.A)。短文提到，聽(tīng)到拉特納的評(píng)論后，人們覺(jué)得受到了侮辱并遠(yuǎn)離拉特納的商店，故A)為答案。
25.C)。短文開(kāi)頭就點(diǎn)明了主題，提到英國(guó)人以自嘲聞名，但即使是對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，幽默也應(yīng)該有限度，接著短文以拉特納的故事為例說(shuō)明這個(gè)主題，文末再次強(qiáng)調(diào)“這個(gè)玩笑的代價(jià)太大了”，以此首尾呼應(yīng)，告訴我們開(kāi)玩笑要有度，故C)為答案。
26.prospering。此處應(yīng)該填人一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞或形容詞，作is的表語(yǔ)。prospering意為“繁榮的”。
27.decade。此處應(yīng)該填入表示時(shí)間的名詞，與前面的介詞during搭配。decade意為“十年”。
28.opposite。此處應(yīng)該填入名詞。opposite意為“對(duì)立面”。
29.sustain。此處應(yīng)該填入動(dòng)詞原形作從句謂語(yǔ)，上文的先行詞reSource uses充當(dāng)其主語(yǔ)。sustain意為“保持，維持”。
30.In simple terms。此處應(yīng)該填入副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。in simple terms意為“簡(jiǎn)言之”。
31.establish。此處應(yīng)該填入動(dòng)詞原形，與其前面的help搭配，并且能和后面的way搭配。estabfish意為“建立，設(shè)立”。
32.reaSonably。此處應(yīng)該填入副詞修飾well。reaSonably意為“尚可，還可以”。
33.take into account。此處應(yīng)該填入動(dòng)詞原形或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。take into account意為“考慮，重視”。
34.misleading。此處應(yīng)該填入形容詞來(lái)修飾sense。misleading意為“令人誤解的”。
35.using up。此處應(yīng)該填人動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)作介詞for的賓語(yǔ)，并和forests進(jìn)行搭配。usingup意為“耗盡，用光”。
36.A)announcing。動(dòng)詞辨析題。句首出現(xiàn)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)today，空格位于系動(dòng)詞is和名詞短語(yǔ)thelaunch of…之間，因此空格處需要填人動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。前一句提到，美國(guó)教育部正在努力確保所有學(xué)生享有接受高質(zhì)量教育的平等權(quán)利。因此，空格處需要填人一個(gè)能夠與名詞launch構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓搭配的動(dòng)詞，表示“宣布開(kāi)始實(shí)施一項(xiàng)方案或活動(dòng)”。由此確定announcing為本題答案，意思是“宣布”。備選詞中，distributing意思是“分發(fā)，散布”，與此處文意不符，且無(wú)法與launch構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓搭配，故排除。
37.K)entitled。動(dòng)詞辨析題�？崭袂懊媸窍祫�(dòng)詞are，后面是介詞to及其賓語(yǔ)，因此空格處需要填入形容詞作表語(yǔ)或者動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，并與介詞to搭配。上文提到，美國(guó)教育部今天宣布開(kāi)始實(shí)施為所有學(xué)生提供優(yōu)秀教育工作者的活動(dòng)方案，本句解釋了實(shí)施此方案的原因，即所有孩子都應(yīng)有權(quán)利接受高質(zhì)量的教育。因此，空格處需要填人一個(gè)表示“有權(quán)利”或“有資格”的形容詞，且能夠與介詞to搭配，備選形容詞中只有entitled同時(shí)符合這兩項(xiàng)要求，由此確定其為本題答案。be entitled to意思是“有……資格”。備選詞中，beneficial意思是“有利的，有益的”，與此處文意不符，排除;qualified意思是“有資格的”，但不能與介詞to
搭配使用，因此也可以排除。
38.G)critically。副詞辨析題�？崭袂懊媸窍祫�(dòng)詞is，后面是形容詞important，因此空格處需要填入一個(gè)副詞，用來(lái)修飾形容詞important。上句提到，所有的孩子，不分種族、居住地及家庭收入，都應(yīng)有權(quán)利接受高質(zhì)量的教育，本句承接上句，表明為教師和校長(zhǎng)們提供幫助學(xué)生發(fā)揮全部潛力所需支持的重要性。因此，空格處需要填入一個(gè)表示“非常，相當(dāng)，很”的副詞，與important表達(dá)“至關(guān)重要”的意義，由此確定副詞critically為本題答案，意思是“很大程度上，極為重要地”。備選詞中，properly意思是“合理地，正確地”，與此處文意不符，因此可以排除。
39.L)potential。名詞辨析題�？崭袂懊鏋樾稳菰~性物主代詞their及形容詞hill，因此空格處需要填人一個(gè)名詞。本句提到要為教師和校長(zhǎng)們提供支持，而這些支持是為了幫助學(xué)生發(fā)揮其全部潛力。因此，空格處需要填入一個(gè)能與動(dòng)詞reach相搭配的名詞，且表達(dá)“潛力，能力”的意義，由此確定名詞potential為本題答案，意思是“潛力”。備選詞中，challenges意思是“挑戰(zhàn)”，commitment意思是“投入，承諾”，component意思是“組成部分，部件”，contests意思是“比賽”，均與此處文意不符，且不能與動(dòng)詞reach搭配，可以排除。
40.D)commitment。名詞辨析題�？崭袂懊鏋樾稳菰~deep，后面為介詞of，因此空格處需要填人名詞。根據(jù)連詞and可以判斷，該名詞與and前面的excellentwork在意義上應(yīng)該是并列的，且根據(jù)上下文，此處要表達(dá)的意義是教師和校長(zhǎng)們工作出色且努力。因此，空格處的名詞表達(dá)的是“努力”或“投入”的意思，且為不可數(shù)的抽象名詞，備選詞中只有commitment一詞符合要求，由此確定其為本題答案。備選詞中的challenges和contests均為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，可以排除;component意思是“組成部分，部件”，與此處文意不符，且不能用deep進(jìn)行修飾，可以排除;potential已經(jīng)用過(guò)，直接排除。
41.H)develop。動(dòng)詞辨析題�？崭袂懊鏋橹鷦�(dòng)詞will，后面為名詞短語(yǔ)their own creative Solutions，因此空格處需要填入動(dòng)詞原形，與will構(gòu)成一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，并與名詞Solutions構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓短語(yǔ)。Solutions意思是“解決方案”，因此填入的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該表達(dá)“想出，找到”或“研究出，制定出”的意義。由此可以確定，動(dòng)詞develop為本題答案，意思是“形成”。備選詞中，enhance意思是“增強(qiáng)，提高”，retain意思是“留用”，均不能與Solutions搭配，且與此處文意不符，因此可以排除。
42.J)enhance。動(dòng)詞辨析題�？崭袂懊媸莿�(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)work together及動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to，后面是名詞短語(yǔ)our focus，因此空格處需要填入動(dòng)詞原形，且與Our focus構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓搭配。根據(jù)上下文，教育部長(zhǎng)認(rèn)為我們必須共同努力增強(qiáng)對(duì)于某些問(wèn)題的關(guān)注。因此，空格處填人的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該表達(dá)“增強(qiáng)，增加”的意義，由此可以確定，動(dòng)詞enhance為本題答案，意思是“增強(qiáng)，提高”。備選詞中，develop已經(jīng)用過(guò)，直接排除;retain意思是“留用”，與此處文意不符，也可以排除。
43.O)retain。動(dòng)詞辨析題。根據(jù)and前面的兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞recruit和support及其形式可以判斷，空格處需要填入的是動(dòng)詞原形，且與recruit和support構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，recruit意思是“招募”，support意思是“支持，配備”，賓語(yǔ)都是空格后的effective teachers and principals，由此可以確定，動(dòng)詞retain為本題答案。
44.E)component。名詞辨析題。空格前面是不定冠詞a，后面是介詞of，因此空格處需要填入可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式。前面講到，今天的公告是改善獲得高質(zhì)量教育權(quán)利的又一重要步驟，而介詞of后面又提到了美國(guó)總統(tǒng)行動(dòng)年，因此可以判斷今天的公告內(nèi)容是總統(tǒng)行動(dòng)年的行動(dòng)內(nèi)容之一，空格處應(yīng)填入表示“內(nèi)容，組成部分”的名詞。由此可以確定名詞component為本題答案，意思是“組成部分”。備選詞中，commitment和potential已經(jīng)用過(guò)，直接排除;challenges和contests均為可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，也可以排除。
45.C)challenges。名詞辨析題。空格前面是定冠詞the，后面是介詞of，因此空格處應(yīng)填入名詞形式。本句介紹的是鄧肯部長(zhǎng)將帶領(lǐng)召開(kāi)與來(lái)自全國(guó)各地的校長(zhǎng)和學(xué)校教師展開(kāi)的圓桌會(huì)議內(nèi)容，根據(jù)上下文，在高需求的學(xué)校工作必將面臨更多的挑戰(zhàn)或困難。因此，空格處填入的名詞可能表達(dá)“困難，問(wèn)題”或“挑戰(zhàn)”的意義，由此可以判斷，名詞challenges為本題答案，意思是“挑戰(zhàn)”。備選詞中，commitment，potential和component均用過(guò)，直接排除;contests意思是“比賽”，與此處文意不符，也可以排除。
46.K)由題干中的propose laws和toys定位到文章K)段畫(huà)線處。
47.A)由題干中的cope with，pressures和food regulation定位到文章A)段畫(huà)線處。
48.G)由題干中的Burger rang和Seattle’sBest coffee定位到文章G)段畫(huà)線處。
49.I)由題干中的healthy food，give the impression和obesity定位到文章I)段畫(huà)線處。
50.B)由題干中的recession，customers和fast food定位到文章B)段畫(huà)線處。
51.D)由題于中的eat out，save money和recession定位到文章D)段西線處。
52.E)由題干中的Burger King，strategy和low-priced items定位到文章E)段畫(huà)線處。
53.H)由題干中的selling breakfast定位到文章H)段畫(huà)線處。
54.F)由題干中的introducing higher-priced items定位到文章F)段畫(huà)線處。
55.J)由題干中的a newlypassed law，specify the calorie count和menu定位到文章J)段畫(huà)線處。
56.B)推理判斷題。文章開(kāi)篇即指出，如果你認(rèn)為高指數(shù)的防曬霜能夠使你免遭有害射線的輻射，那你可能就錯(cuò)了。由此可見(jiàn)，對(duì)于防曬霜能夠保護(hù)皮膚不受傷害的這種誤解是非常普遍的，因此，人們對(duì)于高指數(shù)防曬霜的普遍預(yù)期是它將保護(hù)人們不被太陽(yáng)曬傷.故答案為B)。
57.A)事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章首段第二句提到，本周《自然》雜志的一項(xiàng)研究表明，盡管防曬指數(shù)為50的防曬霜能夠減少黑瘤的數(shù)量，并延緩其出現(xiàn)，但卻并不能阻止其發(fā)生。由此可見(jiàn)，此項(xiàng)研究表明高指數(shù)的防曬霜并不能有效阻止黑瘤的發(fā)生，故答案為 A)。
58.D)推理判斷題。文章第二段首句指出，對(duì)于防曬霜減少黑瘤的有效性一直存在爭(zhēng)議，第二句則舉例說(shuō)明，提到2011年澳大利亞一項(xiàng)涉及1，621人的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨機(jī)抽取的每天使用防曬霜的人群患黑瘤的幾率是需要時(shí)才使用面霜的人群的一半。由此可知，根據(jù)此項(xiàng)研究，每天使用防曬霜的確能夠降低患黑瘤的幾率，即堅(jiān)持使用防曬霜是有一定效果的，故答案為D)。
59.C)推理判斷題。該段第三、四句承接上文，介紹了澳大利亞的第二項(xiàng)相關(guān)研究，第五句則是作者對(duì)研究過(guò)程與結(jié)果的主觀評(píng)論，指出，由于此研究基于人們對(duì)他們一生中每個(gè)十年所采取防曬措施的回憶，因此并不完全可靠。由此可見(jiàn)，此研究并不是基于對(duì)被研究對(duì)象的直接觀察，故答案為C)。
60.A)推理判斷題。文章第四段第一句提到，正如澳大利亞人“套上一涂上一扣上”運(yùn)動(dòng)的數(shù)據(jù)所顯示的，綜合使用防曬霜和皮膚遮蓋措施能夠降低黑瘤發(fā)病率，第二句據(jù)此提出作者自己的觀點(diǎn)和建議：如果今年夏天有熱浪，我們也最好套上T恤，抹上防曬霜，并且扣上帽子。也就是說(shuō)，作者建議我們同時(shí)使用防曬霜和衣服、帽子等其他防護(hù)措施，故答案為A)。
61.B)事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章開(kāi)篇即指出，在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，與技術(shù)水平較低的人相比，受教育程度較高的人工作年限越來(lái)越長(zhǎng)。由此可見(jiàn)，目前在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的勞動(dòng)力大軍中，學(xué)歷較高的人工作時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)，故答案為B)。
62.B)事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章首段第三句承接上文指出，這一差距正是不斷加劇的高學(xué)歷高收入富人與無(wú)技術(shù)低收入窮人之間兩極分化的部分表現(xiàn)。第四句進(jìn)一步分析了原因，即迅速發(fā)展的技術(shù)使高技術(shù)人群的收入增加，同時(shí)也壓縮了那些無(wú)技術(shù)人群的收入。由此可見(jiàn)，迅速發(fā)展的技術(shù)就是加劇貧富差距的主要原因，故答案為B)。
63.A)事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第二段第三句指出，20世紀(jì)，更加長(zhǎng)壽造成了退休生活的年份更長(zhǎng)而不是工作的年份更長(zhǎng)，這一經(jīng)歷使得觀察家們相信，這一變化將導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)減緩，同時(shí)，退休金申領(lǐng)人數(shù)的激增將產(chǎn)生政府預(yù)算問(wèn)題。由此可知，根據(jù)20世紀(jì)的經(jīng)歷，觀察家們預(yù)測(cè)到的問(wèn)題之一是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)將減緩，故答案為A)。
64.C)事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第四段第二句和第三句提到，許多歐洲國(guó)家政府已經(jīng)摒棄了曾鼓勵(lì)人們盡早退休的政策。預(yù)期壽命的延長(zhǎng)以及慷慨的固定養(yǎng)老金計(jì)劃被不再慷慨的固定繳費(fèi)養(yǎng)老金計(jì)劃所替代，這些都意味著甚至有錢(qián)人也必須延長(zhǎng)工作年限以獲得舒適的退休生活。由此可知，政策的變化帶來(lái)的后果是甚至有錢(qián)人也不得不為了在退休后過(guò)上舒適的生活而延長(zhǎng)工作年限，故答案為C)。
65.D)推理判斷題。文章第四段第四句提到，工作性質(zhì)的變化也起到了很大作用，第五句進(jìn)而對(duì)工
作性質(zhì)的變化進(jìn)行了分析，指出對(duì)那些高學(xué)歷人士而言，工作報(bào)酬在大幅增加，這些人將繼續(xù)獲得較高的收入，直到老年，因?yàn)楫?dāng)今的老齡高學(xué)歷人群比上一代人工作更有成效，第六句對(duì)上文進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，得出結(jié)論，技術(shù)革新可能將進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)這一轉(zhuǎn)變：作為計(jì)算機(jī)的補(bǔ)充的技能，從經(jīng)營(yíng)管理技巧到創(chuàng)新能力，都不會(huì)隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而衰退。由此可見(jiàn)，21世紀(jì)的工作特點(diǎn)是，比起年齡問(wèn)題，經(jīng)營(yíng)管理技巧、創(chuàng)新能力等技能將更加被看重，故答案為D)。
參考譯文：
China is one of the most ancient civilizations across the world, from which many elements that construct the foundation of the modem world are derived.Now China has the worlds fastest growing economy and is experiencing a new industrial revolution.It has alSo launched an ambitious space exploration plan, including the building of a space station by 2020.Currently, being one of the largest exporters in the world, China is attracting massive foreign investment.Meanwhile, it has invested billions of dollars overseas as well.In 2011, China surpassed Japan, becoming the second largest economic entity in the world.
1.翻譯第一句時(shí)需要注意，“……之一”的表述中，名詞使用復(fù)數(shù)形式，“最古老的文明之一”剛譯為one of themost ancient civilizations或one of the oldest civilizations。
2.翻譯第二句時(shí)，需要注意句子的主干為“元素起源于中國(guó)”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“起源于”可譯為be derived from或originate from;定語(yǔ)“構(gòu)成現(xiàn)代世界基礎(chǔ)的”較長(zhǎng)，可處理為定語(yǔ)從旬來(lái)修飾先行詞“元素”;“構(gòu)成……基礎(chǔ)”可譯為cons.Ia-uct the foundation of或form the basis of。由于第一句和第二句均為簡(jiǎn)單句，都出現(xiàn)了“中國(guó)”一詞，翻譯時(shí)既可以單獨(dú)成句，也可以合二為一。本譯文采用后者，將第一句作為主句，第二句處理為定語(yǔ)從句，用介詞+which來(lái)引導(dǎo)，修飾第一句中的China，從而使譯文更加簡(jiǎn)潔連貫。
3.翻譯第三句時(shí)，需要注意該句主語(yǔ)為“中國(guó)”，旬中有兩個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)“擁有”和“經(jīng)歷”�！皳碛小北硎镜氖强陀^事實(shí)，可采用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，“正經(jīng)歷著”強(qiáng)調(diào)當(dāng)前的情況，可采用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí);“工業(yè)革命”可譯為industrialrevolution。
4.第四句中“太空探索計(jì)劃”可直譯為space exploration plan，也可意譯為plan for exploring the outer space;“啟動(dòng)”可譯為launch或start。
5.第五句和第三句結(jié)構(gòu)相似，該句有兩種譯法�？梢苑g為兩個(gè)并列的簡(jiǎn)單句，也可以將“中國(guó)正在吸引大量外國(guó)投資’’譯為主句，時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí);“是世界最大的出口國(guó)之一”采用非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，譯為being one of thelargest exporters in the world，避免單調(diào)和重復(fù)。
6.第六句為簡(jiǎn)單句，“在海外投資”譯為invest overseas，“數(shù)十億”譯為billions of。
7.翻譯最后一句時(shí)應(yīng)注意時(shí)態(tài)。該句表述的是過(guò)去的事實(shí)，應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)�！俺健弊g為surpass;“成為”這個(gè)短語(yǔ)有兩種譯法，可以將“超越”和“成為”處理為兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)作，譯為became the second largesteconomy in the world：也可以將“成為”處理為現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表示結(jié)果，譯為becoming the second largesteconomic entity in the world。
6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題及答案 2
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Resilience Is About How You Recharge, Not How You Endure
[A] As constant travelers and parents of a 2-year-old, we sometimes fantasize about how much work we can do when one of us gets on a plane, undistracted by phones, friends, or movies. We race to get all our ground work done: packing, going through security, doing a last-minute work call, calling each other, then boarding the plane. Then, when we try to have that amazing work session in flight, we get nothing done. Even worse, after refreshing our email or reading the same studies over and over, we are too exhausted when we land to soldier on with (繼續(xù)處理) the emails that have inevitably still piled up.
[B] Why should flying deplete us? We’re just sitting there doing nothing. Why can’t we be tougher, more resilient (有復(fù)原力的) and determined in our work so we can accomplish all of the goals we set for ourselves? Based on our current research, we have come to realize that the problem is not our hectic schedule or the plane travel itself; the problem comes from a misconception of what it means to be resilient, and the resulting impact of overworking.
[C] We often take a militaristic, “tough” approach to resilience and determination like a Marine pulling himself through the mud, a boxer going one more round, or a football player picking himself up off the ground for one more play. We believe that the longer we tough it out, the tougher we are, and therefore the more successful we will be. However, this entire conception is scientifically inaccurate.
[D] The very lack of a recovery period is dramatically holding back our collective ability to be resilient and successful. Research has found that there is a direct correlation between lack of recovery and increased incidence of health and safety problems. And lack of recovery—whether by disrupting sleep with thoughts of work or having continuous cognitive arousal by watching our phones—is costing our companies $62 billion a year in lost productivity.
[E] And just because work stops, it doesn’t mean we are recovering. We “stop” work sometimes at 5pm, but then we spend the night wrestling with solutions to work problems, talking about our work over dinner, and falling asleep thinking about how much work we’ll do tomorrow. In a study just released, researchers from Norway found that 7.8% of Norwegians have become workaholics(工作狂). The scientists cite a definition of “workaholism” as “being overly concerned about work, driven by an uncontrollable work motivation, and investing so much time and effort in work that it impairs other important life areas.”
[F] We believe that the number of people who fit that definition includes the majority of American workers, which prompted us to begin a study of workaholism in the U.S. Our study will use a large corporate dataset from a major medical company to examine how technology extends our working hours and thus interferes with necessary cognitive recovery, resulting in huge health care costs and turnover costs for employers.
[G] The misconception of resilience is often bred from an early age. Parents trying to teach their children resilience might celebrate a high school student staying up until 3am to finish a science fair project. What a distortion of resilience! A resilient child is a well-rested one. When an exhausted student goes to school, he risks hurting everyone on the road with his impaired driving; he doesn’t have the cognitive resources to do well on his English test; he has lower self-control with his friends; and at home, he is moody with his parents. Overwork and exhaustion are the opposite of resilience and the bad habits we acquire when we’re young only magnify when we hit the workforce.
[H] As Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz have written, if you have too much time in the performance zone, you need more time in the recovery zone, otherwise you risk burnout. Gathering your resources to “try hard” requires burning energy in order to overcome your currently low arousal level. It also worsens exhaustion. Thus the more imbalanced we become due to overworking, the more value there is in activities that allow us to return to a state of balance. The value of a recovery period rises in proportion to the amount of work required of us.
[I] So how do we recover and build resilience? Most people assume that if you stop doing a task like answering emails or writing a paper, your brain will naturally recover, so that when you start again later in the day or the next morning, you’ll have your energy back. But surely everyone reading this has had times when you lie in bed for hours, unable to fall asleep because your brain is thinking about work. If you lie in bed for eight hours, you may have rested, but you can still feel exhausted the next day. That’s because rest and recovery are not the same thing.
[J] If you’re trying to build resilience at work, you need adequate internal and external recovery periods. As researchers Zijlstra, Cropley and Rydstedt write in their 2014 paper: “Internal recovery refers to the shorter periods of relaxation that take place within the frames of the work day or the work setting in the form of short scheduled or unscheduled breaks, by shifting attention or changing to other work tasks when the mental or physical resources required for the initial task are temporarily depleted or exhausted. External recovery refers to actions that take place outside of work—e.g. in the free time between the work days, and during weekends, holidays or vacations.” If after work you lie around on your bed and get irritated by political commentary on your phone or get stressed thinking about decisions about how to renovate your home, your brain has not received a break from high mental arousal states. Our brains need a rest as much as our bodies do.
[K] If you really want to build resilience, you can start by strategically stopping. Give yourself the resources to be tough by creating internal and external recovery periods. Amy Blankson describes how to strategically stop during the day by using technology to control overworking. She suggests downloading the Instant or Moment apps to see how many times you turn on your phone each day. You can also use apps like Offtime or Unplugged to create tech free zones by strategically scheduling automatic airplane modes. The average person turns on their phone 150 times every day. If every distraction took only 1 minute, that would account for 2.5 hours a day.
[L] In addition, you can take a cognitive break every 90 minutes to charge your batteries. Try to not have lunch at your desk, but instead spend time outside or with your friends—not talking about work. Take all of your paid time off, which not only gives you recovery periods, but raises your productivity and likelihood of promotion.
[M] As for us, we’ve started using our plane time as a work-free zone, and thus time to dip into the recovery phase. The results have been fantastic. We are usually tired already by the time we get on a plane, and the crowded space and unstable internet connection make work more challenging. Now, instead of swimming upstream, we relax, sleep, watch movies, or listen to music. And when we get off the plane, instead of being depleted, we feel recovered and ready to return to the performance zone.
36. It has been found that inadequate recovery often leads to poor health and accidents.
37. Mental relaxation is much needed, just as physical relaxation is.
38. Adequate rest not only helps one recover, but also increases one’s work efficiency.
39. The author always has a hectic time before taking a flight.
40. Recovery may not take place even if one seems to have stopped working.
41. It is advised that technology be used to prevent people from overworking.
42. Contrary to popular belief, rest does not equal recovery.
43. The author has come to see that his problem results from a misunderstanding of the meaning of resilience.
44. People’s distorted view about resilience may have developed from their upbringing.
45. People tend to think the more determined they are, the greater their success will be.
答案：
36.D
37. J
38. L
39. A
40. E
41. K
42. I
43.B
44. G
45. C
四級(jí)閱讀理解答案：詞匯理解
26. G)habitats
【語(yǔ)法判斷】marine是形容詞，表示“海洋的”，后面應(yīng)該跟一個(gè)名詞。符合條件的名詞有experiences(經(jīng)驗(yàn))、exterior(外部)、habitats(棲息地)、investment(投資)、territory(領(lǐng)土)、victim(受害人)。
【語(yǔ)意判斷】從上下文可知，暗礁是潛泳和保護(hù)海洋______的圣地，所以應(yīng)該選habitats，海洋棲息地。
27. M)stripped
【語(yǔ)法判斷】此處謂語(yǔ)不完整，要填寫(xiě)動(dòng)詞，由was可知要使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。符合條件的動(dòng)詞有depressed(使…沮喪)、stripped(剝奪、剝離)。
【語(yǔ)意判斷】被沉下去的A300被______了所有有可能對(duì)環(huán)境有害的東西，所以應(yīng)該選stripped，被剝離了。
28. A)create
【語(yǔ)法判斷】此處是倒裝句，the sunken plane will后面應(yīng)該跟動(dòng)詞原形。符合條件的動(dòng)詞有create(創(chuàng)作、創(chuàng)造)、innovate(發(fā)明)。
【語(yǔ)意判斷】被沉默的飛機(jī)不僅僅將會(huì)給人工暗礁的生長(zhǎng)_____完美的骨架，所以應(yīng)該選create，創(chuàng)造出。
29. L)stretches
【語(yǔ)法判斷】主句缺少謂語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)是the plane，應(yīng)該選擇動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。符合條件的動(dòng)詞有experiences(經(jīng)歷)、stretches(延展到)
【語(yǔ)意判斷】這個(gè)飛機(jī)____總長(zhǎng)度54米，所以應(yīng)該選stretches，延展到。
30. C)eventually
【語(yǔ)法判斷】where引導(dǎo)的從句有完整的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，空格處應(yīng)該填寫(xiě)副詞。符合條件的副詞有eventually(最后，終于)、intentionally(故意地、有意地)。
【語(yǔ)意判斷】在這個(gè)地方，潛水者將_______能夠探索機(jī)艙和….，因?yàn)槭窃陲w機(jī)沉下去以后，潛水者才能夠進(jìn)行探索，所以應(yīng)該選eventually，最終
31. F)exterior
【語(yǔ)法判斷】由plane’s可知此處為所有格，應(yīng)該填一個(gè)名詞。符合條件的名詞有experiences(經(jīng)驗(yàn))、exterior(外部)、investment(投資)、territory(領(lǐng)土)、victim(受害人)。
【語(yǔ)意判斷】潛水者最終可以探索機(jī)艙和飛機(jī)的_____，潛水者會(huì)探索飛機(jī)的內(nèi)部和外部，所以應(yīng)該選exterior，外部。
32. J)investment
【語(yǔ)法判斷】由that代詞可知，此處應(yīng)該填寫(xiě)一個(gè)名詞。符合條件的.名詞有experiences(經(jīng)驗(yàn))、investment(投資)、territory(領(lǐng)土)、victim(受害人)。
【語(yǔ)意判斷】他們(投資者)希望通過(guò)旅游業(yè)看到在_____上的回報(bào)，又從前一句知道投資者在飛機(jī)上花了大量的金錢(qián)，所以應(yīng)該選擇investment，投資上的回報(bào)。
33. O)victim
【語(yǔ)法判斷】由定冠詞the和介詞of可知，此處應(yīng)該填寫(xiě)一個(gè)名詞。符合條件的名詞有experiences(經(jīng)驗(yàn))、territory(領(lǐng)土)、victim(受害者)。
【語(yǔ)意判斷】土耳其這個(gè)國(guó)家是幾起致命的恐怖襲擊的______，由上文可知，土耳其的旅游業(yè)出現(xiàn)了下滑的趨勢(shì)，他們受到了恐怖襲擊的影響，所以應(yīng)該選victim，受害者。
34. I)intentionally
【語(yǔ)法判斷】sunk修飾aircraft表示被沉沒(méi)的飛機(jī)，此處可以填寫(xiě)一個(gè)形容詞和sunk并列修飾aircraft，也可以是一個(gè)副詞修飾形容詞sunk。符合條件的形容詞有depressed(沮喪的)、revealing(透露真情的、有啟迪作用的);符合條件的副詞有intentionally(故意地、有意地)。
【語(yǔ)意判斷】A300是的______被沉沒(méi)的飛機(jī)，由上下文可知，這架飛機(jī)是被人為地沉沒(méi)到海底地，所以此處應(yīng)該選intentionally，故意被沉沒(méi)的飛機(jī)。
35. E)exploring
【語(yǔ)法判斷】and并聯(lián)連詞連接taking和填空部分，形式應(yīng)與taking保持一致，動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。符合條件的動(dòng)詞有exploring(探索)、revealing(揭露)。
【語(yǔ)意判斷】經(jīng)歷一場(chǎng)水下旅行和_______沉沒(méi)的A300內(nèi)部，由語(yǔ)意可知，應(yīng)該選擇exploring，探索內(nèi)部。
【6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題及答案】相關(guān)文章：
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題試卷歷年真題及答案10-11
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)試卷真題及答案10-11
歷年英語(yǔ)四級(jí)聽(tīng)力真題及答案11-29
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)聽(tīng)力真題附答案03-28
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)聽(tīng)力真題及答案「卷一」09-26
考研英語(yǔ)真題及答案09-25
考博英語(yǔ)真題及答案10-11
MPA考試英語(yǔ)真題及答案10-04