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英語四級閱讀真題長難句型分析
在現(xiàn)實(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)、工作中,我們很多時候都不得不用到試題,試題是命題者根據(jù)一定的考核需要編寫出來的。你所了解的試題是什么樣的呢?以下是小編整理的英語四級閱讀真題長難句型分析,供大家參考借鑒,希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友。
英語四級閱讀真題長難句型分析 1
句型一
The I SO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on product packaging, because terms such as “environmentally friendly”and “non-polluting”cannot be verified. (05.6 Passage 2)
分析主干:院The standards ban claims本句只含一個原因狀語從句,結(jié)構(gòu)上較為簡單。值得注意的是,句中的名詞詞組大多含有修飾成分,如:The ISO labeling standards, claims on product packaging, terms such as...。
譯文:ISO 標(biāo)識標(biāo)準(zhǔn)禁止在商品的包裝上出現(xiàn)模糊的或會引起誤導(dǎo)的產(chǎn)品說明,因?yàn)槲覀儫o法證明類似“環(huán)保”、“無污染”等這樣的字樣。
句型二
While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, distance learning usually signifies a course in which the instructors post syllabi (課程大綱), reading assignments, and schedules on Websites, and students send in their assignments by e-mail. (07.12 Passage 1)
分析主干:distance learning signifies a course
1.句首While 引導(dǎo)狀語從句,有讓步、對比之意。
2.in which 引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾a course,該從句本身是and 連接兩個分句構(gòu)成的并列結(jié)構(gòu),兩個分句分別講到有關(guān)老師和學(xué)生的情況。post... on Websites 結(jié)構(gòu)中,post 含有3 個賓語。
譯文:雖然網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程提供的教學(xué)形式會各不相同,但遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)通常都表現(xiàn)為這樣一種課程:教師將課程大綱、閱讀作業(yè)及課程進(jìn)度安排在網(wǎng)站上公布,學(xué)生通過電子郵件提交作業(yè)。
句型三
They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, "Geez, if it could happen to him,..."(08.12 Passage 1)
主干:They only come in
1.when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,而且引導(dǎo)兩個并列的從句:a friend drops dead...以及they think...。引號中的是直接引語,作think的賓語。
2.本句在理解上的一個難點(diǎn)是,they think究竟是與they come in并列還是與a friend drops dead并列。從語言形式上看,兩種理解都可以;但從語義邏輯上看,應(yīng)該是“他們只有在想到...的時候才來”,把they think歸到時間狀語從句中更合理。
譯文:只有當(dāng)一位朋友在高爾夫球場猝死時,他們才來看醫(yī)生。他們會想到:“哎呀,如果這樣的事能發(fā)生在他身上,...”
句型四
Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相對于) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind. (07.6 Passage 1)
分析主干:I would fight...
when 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。本句理解上的難點(diǎn)不在語法結(jié)構(gòu),而在語言本身所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。was pushed into...表明作者不是主動參與這類爭論的。an argument on...“在......方面的爭論”。on my behalf “代表我自己,為我自己!
譯文:有時候,當(dāng)我與別人爭論左腦與右腦的問題,或者是先天天賦與后天培育的問題時,我會馬上站在我的立場以及所有女性同胞的立場上給予狠狠的反駁遙。
句型五
As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come out from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen. (07.6 Passage 2)
分析主干:the ideas will come out and let themselves be captured...
句首的as 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。主句部分是復(fù)合謂語,有兩個由and 連接的并列謂語。
譯文:隨著話語開始流淌,思想也會逐漸明朗化,使自己呈現(xiàn)在你的筆記本或者屏幕上。
句型六
While she awaits the outcome, the government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at Ben & Jerry‘s. (06.6 Passage 2)
分析主干:the government has granted her permission and she has returned to...
While 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。本句主句是由and 連接兩個分句構(gòu)成的并列句,兩個分句都用了現(xiàn)在完成時,與狀語從句的一般現(xiàn)在時對照來看,表明主句中的兩個動作都是在await 期間完成。grant 后面接了雙賓語,間接賓語是her,直接賓語是permission。
譯文:在她等待結(jié)果出來期間,政府給予她在美國的工作許可,她已經(jīng)返回到她在Ben & Jerry 冰激凌連鎖店的工作崗位。
句型七
Because I know very little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first grade, I had to accept the fact that I was co-opting (借用) my daughter‘s experience. (07.12 Passage 2)
分析主干:I had to accept the fact...
Because 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。該從句用了know little about...結(jié)構(gòu),about 有兩個賓語。that 引導(dǎo)的從句是即farm animals 和angels,中間用or 連接,兩個名詞分別都有定語從句加以修飾。主句部分fact 帶有that 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。
譯文:因?yàn)槲覍褂霉ぞ叩募倚蠛蜕弦荒昙壍奶焓挂粺o所知,所以我得承認(rèn)這樣的事實(shí):我在借用我女兒的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
句型八
Although some of the more ambitious programs require new investments in servers and networks to support collaborative software, most distance learning courses can run on existing or minimally upgraded ( 升級) systems. (07.12 Passage 1)
分析主干:courses can run (on...)
Although 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。investment in...表示“在......方面的投資”。不定式to support... 是賓語investment 的補(bǔ)足語,“項(xiàng)目需要投資來支持相關(guān)軟件”(因?yàn)?support 的邏輯主語不是programs 而是investment,所以該不定式應(yīng)該是補(bǔ)語,而非目的狀語)。譯文:雖然一些規(guī)模更大的課程需要斥資增加新的服務(wù)器、擴(kuò)建網(wǎng)絡(luò)來支持配套的軟件,但大部分遠(yuǎn)程教育課程可以在現(xiàn)有的或稍加升級的系統(tǒng)上運(yùn)行。
句型九
While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of the products they buy. (05.6 Passage 2)
分析主干:it is clear that...
句首的While 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,“盡管”......。it is clear......中,it 是形式主語,省略連接詞that 的從句there is...才是句子的真正主語。in ensuring...是there be 句型的狀語成分,“在確保......方面”。ensuring 后面接的是省略that 的賓語從句。
譯文:雖然有許多好而有用的聲明,但是,很明顯,要確保購買者完全知曉所購產(chǎn)品對環(huán)境的影響還需要很長的時間。
句型十
While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so. (07.6 Passage 2)
分析主干:they cannot work...
While 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,“盡管......”。從句中的employ 表示“采用”,不定式to get...作目的狀語。work in parallel“并行不悖地起作用”。no matter how 也引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,表示“無論多么......”。
譯文“盡管要完成定稿這兩種思維都不可或缺,可是它們卻不能并行著參與寫作過程-----無論我們多么認(rèn)為原本如此。
句型十一
Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be "well,"in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. (06.12 Passage 2)
分析主干:people may be "well"
主句的主語people 有一個who 引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾。if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,從句中的they can 是省略形式的定語從句(相當(dāng)于they can maintain),修飾health。
譯文:在這種新的意義上來說,甚至有生理疾患或缺陷的人也是“健康的”,如果他們在面對身體缺陷時盡力去達(dá)到可能的最好健康狀況的話。
句型十二
Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be "well,"in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. (06.12 Passage 2)
分析主干:people may be "well"
主句的主語people 有一個who 引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾。if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,從句中的they can 是省略形式的定語從句(相當(dāng)于they can maintain),修飾health。
譯文:在這種新的意義上來說,甚至有生理疾患或缺陷的人也是“健康的”,如果他們在面對身體缺陷時盡力去達(dá)到可能的最好健康狀況的話。
句型十三
Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the page as the deadline draws near. (07.6 Passage 2)
分析主干:you will believe that... and you will end up staring...
本句主句是and 連接兩個分句構(gòu)成的并列句。前一個分句中,that 引導(dǎo)的從句作believe 的賓語,該賓語從句中又包含一個由than 引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句。后一個分句中,謂語部分是end up doing 結(jié)構(gòu),staring...作主語補(bǔ)足語。
譯文:你很有可能會以為這樣加工整理素材會讓你時間不夠用,結(jié)果是最后隨著交稿日期的逐漸臨近,你將只是盯著稿件發(fā)呆。
句型十四
Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. (09.6 Passage 1)
分析主干:the show inspired designers
本句是簡單句。過去分詞短語Organized by...在句中作狀語,用以補(bǔ)充說明主語的背景信息。謂語部分用了inspire sb. to do 結(jié)構(gòu),不定式短語to work with...是賓語補(bǔ)足語。
譯文:這次時裝秀由總部位于紐約的非盈利組織Earth Pledge 主辦,激發(fā)了許多頂尖設(shè)計師第一次使用不破壞生態(tài)平衡的布料設(shè)計時裝。
句型十五
This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional (過渡型的) cotton at higher prices, thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material. (09.6 Passage 1)
分析主干:Wal-Mart is set to announce a (major) initiative: it will buy (transitional)cotton...
1.本句冒號后的內(nèi)容是對前文initiative 的.詳細(xì)闡述,相當(dāng)于一個同位語從句。
2.冒號前的分句中,謂語動詞用了be set to do 結(jié)構(gòu),過去分詞短語aimed to...是initiatives 的后置定語,相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。
3.冒號后的分句中,結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,其中helping to...是現(xiàn)在分詞短語,作謂語動詞buy 的狀語,表示目的。
譯文:本周沃爾瑪超市準(zhǔn)備出臺一項(xiàng)重大舉措,目的在于幫助棉農(nóng)種植有機(jī)棉:沃爾瑪將以更高的價格收購過渡型的棉花,以此幫助擴(kuò)大一種重要有機(jī)原材料的供應(yīng)。
句型十六
Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits. (08.6 Passage 2)
分析主干:someone will glance...
本句是個簡單句,謂語動詞glance 后接介詞短語through purchases or bills。不定式短語to find out...在句中作狀語,表示“無意中一瞥”的結(jié)果。
譯文:或者有人會隨意翻閱你的信用卡購物單或手機(jī)話費(fèi)單,以此來了解你的購物喜好或通話習(xí)慣。
句型十七
Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall, I offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings for her tales. (07.12 Passage 2)
分析主干:I offered suggestions (for...)
句首的Telling 是現(xiàn)在分詞,作狀語,表示伴隨動作:它帶了一個賓語從句,從句的表語writer 后接了一個作定語的現(xiàn)在分詞guiding...。主句部分的介詞for 帶有三個名詞作賓語,與suggestion 連用,表示“對.......的建議”。
譯文:我對自己說,我只是一個有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的作家,在指導(dǎo)身邊的一位年輕作家。我對她的那些故事中的人物堯沖突及結(jié)局提出建議。
句型十八
Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment (非直接接觸) of emailing would make it easier to lie. (06.6 Passage 1)
分析主干:Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars...
不定式to be the biggest liars 在句中作賓語emailers 的補(bǔ)語,F(xiàn)在分詞reasoning在句中作伴隨狀語。that 引導(dǎo)從句作reasoning 的賓語。該賓語從句又包含一個原因狀語從句,由because 引導(dǎo)。
譯文:有些心理學(xué)家原以為人們在電子郵件中最容易撒謊,理由是:欺騙使人感到不舒服,所以電子郵件這種非直接接觸的媒介能讓人的謊言更容易說出口。
句型十九
Consumers are being confused and misled by the hodge-podge ( 大雜燴) ofenvironmental claims made by household products, according to a “green labeling” study published by Consumers International Friday. (05.6 Passage 2)
分析主干:Consumers are being confused and misled by...
本句用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài),含兩個謂語動詞confused 和misled。過去分詞短語made by...和published by...分別修飾前面的名詞claims 和study。
譯文:根據(jù)消費(fèi)者國際組織在星期五發(fā)表的野綠色商標(biāo)冶研究報告,消費(fèi)者受到了各種家居產(chǎn)品五花八門的環(huán)保聲明的誤導(dǎo),都被搞糊涂了。
句型二十
I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent蒺s intentional and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play. (05.6 Passage 1)
分析主干:I have (also) witnessed a player reacting
reacting 在句中是現(xiàn)在分詞,作賓語a player 的補(bǔ)語;by... hitting...是reacting 的方式狀語,hitting 作介詞by 的賓語。as hard as he could 是比較結(jié)構(gòu),表示“盡力”。
譯文:還有一次我看到過一個球員在比賽中因?yàn)閷Ψ降囊粋有意犯規(guī)阻擋,而故意使足了力氣把球砸向?qū)Ψ健?/p>
英語四級閱讀真題長難句型分析 2
accommodation(-s) [kmdein(s)] n.①住宿,留宿;②膳宿供應(yīng);住房
[真題例句] He sees wonderful accommodations , beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on.[2002年閱讀1]
[例句精譯] 他看到了豪華的住宅、美麗的花園、晴朗的天氣等等。
undertreatment [ndstetmnt, ndstet-] n.處理不足
[真題例句] It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care.[2002年閱讀4]
[例句精譯] 報告指出了醫(yī)院臨終關(guān)懷護(hù)理中存在的兩個問題:對病痛處理不力和大膽使用“無效而強(qiáng)制性的醫(yī)療程序,這些程序可能會延長死亡期,甚至?xí)屗劳銎陔y堪”。
understandable [ndstndbl] a.可以理解的.,可懂的
[真題例句] Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way — in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology.[2003年閱讀2]
[例句精譯] 科學(xué)家必須把他們的意思傳達(dá)給公眾,并且要使用富有感情和通俗易懂的語言,即用人性化的語言,而不是使用分子生物學(xué)的語言。
uncontrollable [nkntrlbl] a.無法控制的
[真題例句] Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: “Won’t the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?”[2001年閱讀4]
[例句精譯] 這些國家的許多人面對這個浪潮開始憂慮:“企業(yè)合并的浪潮會不會變成一股不可控制的反競爭的力量?”
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