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英語四級(jí)考試選詞填空技巧
引導(dǎo)語：應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生培訓(xùn)網(wǎng)整理一些英語四級(jí)考試選詞填空技巧，希望能幫助到您，謝謝您的閱讀。
一、確定空白處詞性
以下情況，空白處為動(dòng)詞：
1.n./pron. vt. n./pron. 前有名后有名，中間謂動(dòng)
2.n./pron. vi. 前名后無名，謂動(dòng)不及物
3.n./pron. vi. adv./prep.前名后介副，謂動(dòng)不及物
4.n./pron. link v./be adj.前名后形容，be動(dòng)或系動(dòng)
5.to v. 前有to，后原型
注意：確定空白處為動(dòng)詞，還需根據(jù)上下文確定正確形式
以下情況，空白處為分詞：
過去分詞：
1.has/have/had p.p(完成時(shí)態(tài))
2.be p.p(被動(dòng)語態(tài))
3.p.p n.或 n. p.p(過去分詞做形容詞，表示被動(dòng)或已發(fā)生)
現(xiàn)在分詞：
1.be -ing(進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài))
2.-ing n.或n.-ing(現(xiàn)在分詞做形容詞，表示主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行)
3.prep. –ing(介詞賓語)
以下情況，空白處為名詞：
(名詞通常做主語或動(dòng)詞介詞賓語)
1.a/the n. 前有冠詞
2.n. V. 空白后為謂語動(dòng)詞
3.prep. n. 空白前為介詞，則空白處為名詞或動(dòng)名詞
(注意：根據(jù)空白處前的冠詞和上下文判斷所填名詞的單復(fù)數(shù);根據(jù)空白處后的謂語動(dòng)詞的形式判斷所填名詞的單復(fù)數(shù))
以下情況，空白處為形容詞：
1.adj. n. n. adj. 空白前后是名詞
2.adv. adj. 空白前是副詞
3.link v./be adj. be動(dòng)或系動(dòng)后考慮形容詞做表語
以下情況，空白處為副詞：
1.adv. v.或 v. adv.副詞修飾動(dòng)詞，表示程度狀態(tài)
2.adv. adj.副詞可修飾形容詞
3.adv.從句，有些副詞做句子的狀語，表示轉(zhuǎn)折因果等邏輯關(guān)系
確定考點(diǎn)需要積極意義還是消極意義，繼而縮小選擇范圍，節(jié)省大量時(shí)間。
Sample: The classroom (offers) opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with _______ , peaceful ones.
(根據(jù)語法判斷此處為形容詞，與peaceful有一樣具有積極意義，與前文的angry, violent詞義色彩相反，那么comprehensive, cooperative, entire應(yīng)選擇cooperative)
介詞后一定是名詞或動(dòng)名詞做賓語.
注意 to (介詞&動(dòng)詞不定式)
to的短語接動(dòng)名詞 :abandon oneself to(沉溺于), adhere to(堅(jiān)持), stick to(堅(jiān)持，信守), cling to(堅(jiān)持，忠于), admit to(承認(rèn)), confess to(承認(rèn)), contribute to(做貢獻(xiàn)), feel up to(感覺能勝任), get down to(開始著手做), give one’s mind to(專心), give way to(讓步), yield to(屈服), lead to(導(dǎo)致), look forward to(渴望), object to(反對(duì)),take to(開始從事，喜歡), turn to(求助), succumb to(屈服), see to(照顧，料理), get used to, be accustomed to, be addicted to, be committed to, be dedicated to, be devoted to, be opposed to, be reduced to, be subject to(受支配的，常遭受), submit to(順從，屈服)
利用不定冠詞(a/an)判斷考點(diǎn)是否為元音開頭，縮小選擇范圍
Sample: Husband and children now do some of these jobs, a ____ that has changed the target market for many products.
(scale, potential, gap, extreme, purchase, situation)
充分利用詞庫中的近義詞或反義詞
(若詞庫中出現(xiàn)一對(duì)近義或反義詞，其中一個(gè)必定是干擾項(xiàng).反義詞考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章語境色彩的辨析，只要辨析考點(diǎn)單詞是積極還是消極意義，就不難排除.近義詞考查考生對(duì)詞匯搭配用法的掌握，需要學(xué)生牢記近義詞的各種用法及搭配。)
Sample：
A) gravely B) respect C) limited
D) specialize E) seriously F) promoting
G) involves H) relieved I) significant
J) magnificent K) range L) issues
M) result N) determining O) complicated
Today, we take pain______.
(此處應(yīng)用副詞做狀語，考查近義詞辨析.Take sth. seriously為固定搭配)
注意一詞多性：詞庫中的詞有的既是名詞又是動(dòng)詞，有些分詞也可以充當(dāng)形容詞，確定空白處所需單詞詞性后要全面考慮詞庫中的單詞詞性，不能遺漏。
二、解題方法
(respect, result, range)
EI Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange 47 happens every five to eight years. It starts in the pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds(信風(fēng)), which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5℃(degrees centigrade).
The warning of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid (潮濕的)air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms. The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru. In the West Pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51 .
EI Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage. The 1990 EI Nino lasted until June 1995. Scientists 54 this to be the longest EI Nino for 2,000 years.
Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an EI Nino will 55 , but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.
其選項(xiàng)如下：
A) estimate;
B) strength;
C) deliberately;
D) notify;
E) tropical;
F) phenomenon;
G) stable;
H) attraction;
I) completely;
J) destructive;
K) starvation;
L) bringing;
M) exhaustion;
N) worth;
O) strike
辨析詞性
把十五個(gè)選項(xiàng)按詞性分別歸入名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等類別。
縱觀樣題和真題，我們知道15個(gè)詞匯都屬于最重要的四類實(shí)詞。我們要學(xué)會(huì)每種詞匯的基本搭配和基本用法。
辨性要注意下面幾點(diǎn)。
1.遇到動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行二次分類：確定時(shí)態(tài)，確定是第三人稱單數(shù)還是非第三人稱單數(shù);但應(yīng)注意動(dòng)詞+ed型的有兩種可能性，動(dòng)詞或形容詞;遇到名詞要確定單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。
2.不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞，看后綴。構(gòu)詞法中，前綴表明意思，后綴表明詞性。所以看一個(gè)詞的后綴，往往能大致分出詞性。
3.詞性一時(shí)無法確定的，暫時(shí)擱置，不必糾纏，影響全局。
4.作出相應(yīng)的標(biāo)記�？芍苯佑米约鹤钋宄姆�(hào)清楚標(biāo)在每個(gè)詞前后。不清楚的都標(biāo)問號(hào)。
以真題為例辨詞性
A) estimate; B) strength;
C) deliberately; D) notify;
E) tropical; F) phenomenon;
G) stable; H) attraction;
I) completely; J) destructive;
K) starvation; L) bringing;
M) exhaustion; N) worth;
O) Strike
名詞：B,F,H,K,M
(B的后綴th, H、K、M的tion都是名詞后綴)
謂語動(dòng)詞：A,D,O
(A的-ate極可能是動(dòng)詞，D的-fy為動(dòng)詞后綴)
非謂語動(dòng)詞：L(-ing結(jié)尾)
形容詞：E, G, J
(E的-cal, G的able, J的tive是形容詞后綴)
副詞：C和I(ly加在形容詞后為副詞后綴)
注意：即使從沒見過，也想辦法看能否判斷其詞性，詞的性質(zhì)有時(shí)比詞義還重要。詞的性質(zhì)并不總是固定的，有些不認(rèn)識(shí)的或無法確定的，如N) worth (adj./n.)，可先擱置，不要過度糾纏。
三、綜合解題
將選項(xiàng)分類之后，就得從文章中來尋找對(duì)應(yīng)的線索了。選項(xiàng)與文章匹配的因素有兩個(gè)，第一是詞性，第二是詞義。所以在讀文章時(shí)，要通過各種手段來確定空格的詞性與意義。
(一)確定詞性，確定選項(xiàng)的選擇范圍
1)關(guān)于動(dòng)詞的判斷
前后都是名詞短語，中間是動(dòng)詞 。
根據(jù)一句(包括從句)有且只有一個(gè)謂動(dòng)的原則，其它地方如無謂語動(dòng)詞，則需要謂語動(dòng)詞;反之則不需要謂語動(dòng)詞。
Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will 55 , but.
(will后面必然是原形動(dòng)詞，一起構(gòu)成謂語)
55. O strike
Scientists 54 this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years.
(此句后只有一個(gè)to be，是非謂語動(dòng)詞，故空格必為謂語動(dòng)詞;且空格前后均為名詞性，也基本確定它是動(dòng)詞。)
54. A estimate
一個(gè)完整的句子之后再跟逗號(hào)，后面一般是非謂語動(dòng)詞短語。
The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru.
(前面是一個(gè)完整的句子，逗號(hào)后跟的，一般是非謂語動(dòng)詞短語。此題選項(xiàng)中非謂語動(dòng)詞只有一個(gè)，故直選之。)
50. L bringing
2)其它詞的判斷
形容詞或名詞修飾名詞，限定詞(the, this, that, a, my之類)后必有名詞
This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.
47. F phenomenon
The hot, humid (潮濕的) air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms.
49. E tropical
El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history.
(前面是最高級(jí)的修飾語，自然是形容詞。)
52. J destructive
副詞修飾形容詞或動(dòng)詞
…, but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.(修飾形容詞sure, 當(dāng)為副詞)
56. I completely
謂語動(dòng)詞前有名詞主語
This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.
(happens是謂語動(dòng)詞，也可知前面為名詞短語，缺一個(gè)核心名詞。)
47. F phenomenon
介詞后面必有名詞
As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 °C.
(在介詞in的后面，當(dāng)為名詞無疑，此處整個(gè)短語來修飾lessen減少，當(dāng)為在某個(gè)方面減少。)
48. B strength
(二)句里句外，猜測(cè)詞義
一看搭配：主謂賓、主系表與修飾 詞直接的搭配關(guān)系決定著詞的意義。所以先看它被誰修飾，與誰形成主謂賓關(guān)系�？匆环N關(guān)系不行就看另一個(gè)，靈活處之。
This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.
strange修飾47，也許看不出來是什么，再看47與happen形成主謂關(guān)系，能夠發(fā)生的是什么?最好的當(dāng)然是現(xiàn)象。
47. F phenomenon
二看邏輯：
1.句內(nèi)(狀語從句，解釋，并列等)
As the trade winds lessen in 48, the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 °C.
此句有一個(gè)狀語從句，as表示的時(shí)間或因果關(guān)系，是重要的解題線索。風(fēng)的什么減少，溫度就上升，當(dāng)然是風(fēng)的速度或風(fēng)力。
48. B strength
So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51.
空格與前面兩個(gè)名詞并列，意味著意思相近。與干旱、收成不好一致的，很容易選出starvation饑荒.
51. K starvation
2.前文(指代等、句間連詞)
This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.
This告訴我們，此處是重提前面講到過的某個(gè)東西。前面講到過的核心概念就是El Nino, 無疑是一種天氣“現(xiàn)象”。
47. F phenomenon
表示可從前文找相應(yīng)線索的有兩類。
與this一大類的還有：This/these/such; the same/similar; worse/better/more/less等。
還有就是表示邏輯關(guān)系的句間連詞，或者叫連接副詞。主要的如下。
遞進(jìn)：Moreover/furthermore/what’more/besides/in addition/even/also
轉(zhuǎn)折：however/but/rather/instead
因果：therefore/consequently/accordingly/thus/hence
3.后文
El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage.
段落開始部分，提出一個(gè)總的概括性的說法。往往在下文有分述。El Nino究竟帶來的是什么樣的天氣，后面一句就交代得十分清楚。
52. J destructive (dead , damage)
三看習(xí)慣用法：固定搭配
Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage.
53. N worth 此處考的是worth這個(gè)詞的特殊用法。它本是一個(gè)形容詞，但可用…worth of sth, 來表明價(jià)值某物的某東西。
e.g. The fire caused thousands of pounds' worth of damage.
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