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《紅樓夢(mèng)》中王熙鳳個(gè)性化語(yǔ)言翻譯
曹雪芹的高超語(yǔ)言技巧，賦予了《紅樓夢(mèng)》中每個(gè)人物極具個(gè)性化的語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格，使每個(gè)人物的語(yǔ)言符合自己的性格特征、社會(huì)地位和社會(huì)關(guān)系，避免了“千部一腔，千人一面”的尷尬。
王熙鳳無(wú)疑是《紅樓夢(mèng)》中塑造最為成功的人物之一。王熙鳳八面玲瓏，非常善于揣摩別人的心理。對(duì)下她說(shuō)話聲言俱厲、落地有聲、八面威風(fēng);對(duì)上她投其所好、甜言蜜語(yǔ)、恭迎奉承;對(duì)于賈府的公子小姐，她又能與其打成一片。而她的語(yǔ)言技巧，就是一大法寶。因此，在翻譯中如何體現(xiàn)這種言語(yǔ)策略，將是翻譯的一大難題。本文將對(duì)比分析楊憲益和霍克斯英譯本，希望給讀者帶來(lái)一些啟發(fā)。
例1、“依我說(shuō)，竟別去碰這個(gè)釘子去……”
楊譯：If I were you, I wouldn’t run my head against a brick wall……
霍譯：I don’t think it’s worth trying. I think it would be merely asking for trouble……
解析：王熙鳳言語(yǔ)一直將“我”放在話語(yǔ)的突出地位，說(shuō)話總以“我”開頭。此句開頭便是“依我說(shuō)”，體現(xiàn)了王熙鳳以自我為中心的性格特點(diǎn)。霍譯開門見山，用“I don’t think……”言語(yǔ)擲地有聲，凸顯了人物的特點(diǎn)。而楊譯則為虛擬語(yǔ)氣，減弱了人物的說(shuō)話力量。
例2、“依我說(shuō)，老太太今兒喜歡，要討，今兒就討去。”
楊譯：“As she’s in high spirits today,it seems to me now’s the time to make this request.”
霍譯：“As a matter of fact, Grandma is in rather a good mood today, so if you are going to ask her, it would probably be best to do so straight away.”
解析：此句和前一句雖然是兩種截然不同的主張，但都是以“依我說(shuō)“開頭，再次體現(xiàn)了王熙鳳以自我為中心的性格。此句，霍譯并沒有提及“我”，減弱了話語(yǔ)的力量，而楊譯用了“it seems to me”。
例3、“你是素日知道我的，從來(lái)不信什么陰司地域報(bào)應(yīng)的;憑什么事，我說(shuō)要行就行。你叫他拿三千銀子來(lái)，我就替他出這口氣。”
楊譯：“You know me”, she replied. “I’ve never believed all that talk about Hell and retribution. I do what I please and am always as good as my word. Let them bring me three thousand tales and I’ll see to this for them.
霍譯：“You’ve known me for a long time,”she said. “You know that I’ve never believed all that talk about hell and damnation. If I decide that I want to do something I do it, no matter what it is. Tell them that if they are prepared to pay out three thousand tales of silver, I will undertake to relieve them of their trouble.”
解析：從此句可以看出王熙鳳說(shuō)話絲毫不留余地，做人獨(dú)斷，盛氣凌人。兩種譯文翻譯得都很到位，相較而言，可能楊譯的譯文更為簡(jiǎn)潔，更加體現(xiàn)了王熙鳳不拖泥帶水，干脆利落的性格。
例4、“誰(shuí)叫老太太會(huì)調(diào)理人?調(diào)理的水蔥似的，怎么怨得人要?我幸虧是孫子媳婦，我若是孫子，我早要了，還等到這會(huì)子呢!“
楊譯：“Who told you, madam, to train your girls so well? If you bring one up as fresh as a spring of young parsley, you can’t blame people for wanting her. It’s lucky I’m a grandson’s wife. If I were a grandson I’d have grabbed her long time ago. I shouldn’t have waited till now.”
霍譯：“You shouldn’t be so good at training your girls ,”said Xi-feng. “When you’ve brought up a beautiful young bulrush like Faithful, can you blame other people for wanting her? It’s a good job I’m only your granddaughter-in-law. If I had been your grandson, I should have asked you for her for myself a long time ago. I shouldn’t have waited till now, I can tell you!”
解析：賈赦想娶賈母的侍女鴛鴦為妾，惹得賈母大發(fā)雷霆，大家一個(gè)個(gè)噤若寒蟬，唯獨(dú)王熙鳳卻說(shuō)怪不得別人，要怪只能怪賈母自己。明面上是怪賈母，實(shí)則確實(shí)夸贊賈母，投其所好，以甜言蜜語(yǔ)討賈母歡心。兩種譯文都顯現(xiàn)了原文隱含的意思，增加了贊美程度，再現(xiàn)了一個(gè)八面玲瓏、伶牙俐齒的王熙鳳的形象。
不論是楊憲益譯本還是霍克斯譯本，都較好地展現(xiàn)了王熙鳳的潑辣利索，八面玲瓏的特點(diǎn)。小說(shuō)中的人物語(yǔ)言是體現(xiàn)人物性格和形象的重要手段，翻譯時(shí)要深刻理解人物的個(gè)性，把握人物語(yǔ)言的風(fēng)格，不僅要領(lǐng)會(huì)人物語(yǔ)言表層的含義，更要挖掘隱含在這種形式下的思想。
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