老舍《養(yǎng)花》英譯賞析

　　《養(yǎng)花》一文是老舍先生1956年給報(bào)刊寫(xiě)的一篇散文，刊載在1956年12月12日的《文藝報(bào)》上。通過(guò)寫(xiě)?zhàn)B花的過(guò)程，表達(dá)了養(yǎng)花的樂(lè)趣：有喜有憂，有笑有淚，有花有果，有香有色。既須勞動(dòng)又長(zhǎng)見(jiàn)識(shí)。抒發(fā)了作者熱愛(ài)生活的思想感情。全文按由事到理的順序，層層遞進(jìn)，揭示了全文的主旨。下面是小編整理的老舍《養(yǎng)花》英譯賞析，一起來(lái)看看吧。

　　養(yǎng) 花

　　On Growing Flowers

　　老舍

　　Lao She

　　我愛(ài)花，所以也愛(ài)養(yǎng)花(1)。我可還沒(méi)成為養(yǎng)花專家，因?yàn)闆](méi)有工夫去作研究與試驗(yàn)。我只把養(yǎng)花當(dāng)作生活中的一種樂(lè)趣，花開(kāi)的大小好壞都不計(jì)較，只要開(kāi)花我就高興。在我的小院中，到夏天，滿是花草，小貓兒們只好上房去玩耍(2)，地上沒(méi)有它們的運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)。

　　I love flowers and hence have taken to growing them. But, short of time to do research and experiment in flower cultivation, I am no gardener at all. I merely take flower cultivation as a pleasure of life. I really don’t care whether or not my flowers will put forth plump and nice-looking blossom. I’ll be delighted as long as they can blossom. In summer, flowers and plants growing in luxuriance in my small courtyard will leave little open space as a playground for the little cats, so they have to sport about in our rooms instead.

　　要點(diǎn)：

　　1， 先說(shuō)標(biāo)題，此處并沒(méi)有單純譯為Growing flowers，而是加了on(此處表“關(guān)于”)，因?yàn)楸疚牟⒉粏螁问钦f(shuō)養(yǎng)花這家事情，而是通過(guò)寫(xiě)“養(yǎng)花”表達(dá)自己對(duì)于知識(shí)的重視

　　2， “所以也愛(ài)養(yǎng)花“譯為hence have taken to growing them，其中動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)to take to的意思是“開(kāi)始喜歡”。此句也可譯為are therefore fond of growing flowers。

　　3， Put forth在這里重提一下，意為“長(zhǎng)出(花葉芽)”已經(jīng)是老朋友了哦~

　　4， “只好上房去玩�！弊g為they have to sport about in our rooms instead，其中動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)to sport about的意思是“嬉戲”(to play and jump about happily)。

　　花雖多，但無(wú)奇花異草。珍貴的花草不易養(yǎng)活，看著一棵好花生病欲死是件難過(guò)的事。我不愿時(shí)時(shí)落淚。北京的氣候，對(duì)養(yǎng)花來(lái)說(shuō)，不算很好。冬天冷，春天多風(fēng)，夏天不是干旱就是大雨傾盆;秋天最好，可是忽然會(huì)鬧霜凍。在這種氣候里，想把南方的好花養(yǎng)活，我還沒(méi)有那么大的本事。因此，我只養(yǎng)些好種易活、自己會(huì)奮斗的花草(3)。

　　I grow many flowers, but none of them are exotic or rare ones. It is difficult to grow a precious flower species. And I feel bad to see a good flower dying of illness. I don’t want often to shed tears over that. But Beijing’s climate is more or less unfit for the growing of flowers. Freezing in winter, windy in spring, and either too dry or too often visited by rainstorms in summer. While autumn is the best of all, it is often plagued by a sudden frost. In a climate like this, it is far beyond my capacity to grow precious flowers of southern breed. Therefore, I only grow flowers and plants that are hardy and enjoy a high survival rate.

　　要點(diǎn)：

　　1，“花雖多，但無(wú)奇花異草�！弊⒁獯司涞闹髡Z(yǔ)的選取，譯文選取“我”作為主語(yǔ)來(lái)串句子，還是找共同部分，看選哪個(gè)主語(yǔ)有助于行文~“奇花異草”意為“指稀奇少見(jiàn)的花草”因此譯為exotic or rare flowers

　　2，“我只養(yǎng)些好種易活、自己會(huì)奮斗的花草”譯時(shí)稍作靈活處理：I only grow flowers and plants that are hardy and enjoy a high survival rate，其中用enjoy a high survival rate(成活率高)表達(dá)“好種易活”;用hardy(耐寒、耐勞、能吃苦)表達(dá)“會(huì)奮斗的”。行文生動(dòng)活潑~

　　3，“冬天冷，春天多風(fēng)，夏天不是干旱就是大雨傾盆;秋天最好，可是忽然會(huì)鬧霜凍�！弊g為Freezing in winter, windy in spring, and either too dry or too often visited by rainstorms in summer. While autumn is the best of all, it is often plagued by a sudden frost.原文語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔生動(dòng)，而譯者用平行結(jié)構(gòu)也是寥寥幾筆就將原文意思表達(dá)清楚了。另外，原文中的“鬧”運(yùn)用擬人的修辭，譯文也用visit生動(dòng)地體現(xiàn)了出來(lái)~

　　不過(guò)，盡管花草自己會(huì)奮斗(4)，我若置之不理，任其自生自滅(5)，它們多數(shù)還是會(huì)死了的。我得天天照管它們，像好朋友似的關(guān)切他們。一來(lái)二去(6)，我摸著一些門(mén)道：有的喜陰，就別放在太陽(yáng)地里，有的喜干，就別多澆水。

　　Although such flowers are able to weather through by themselves, I, however never ignore them or abandon them to their own fate, for otherwise most of them will probably end up dead. I have to care for them every day as if they were my close friends. Thus, in the course of time, I’ve somehow got the hang of flower cultivation, some flowers which are accustomed to growing in the shade should not be too much exposed to the sun. Those which prefer dryness should not be watered too often.

　　要點(diǎn)：

　　1，“自己會(huì)奮斗”即“自力更生”譯為able to weather through by themselves，其中動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)to weather(表示平安地度過(guò)，比go高級(jí)一大截~) through的意思是“對(duì)付困難”、“渡過(guò)風(fēng)暴”等。此句也可譯為able to carry on the struggle for existence by themselves，但意思太大，不太符合本文的語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格，也比較啰嗦

　　2，“任其自生自滅”中的“自生自滅”意為“自然地發(fā)生，生長(zhǎng)，又自然地消滅”，此處不宜按字面直譯，現(xiàn)意譯為abandon them to their own fate。

　　3，“一來(lái)二去”的意思是“經(jīng)過(guò)一定的時(shí)間”，故譯為in the course of time，course又一次出現(xiàn)~是翻譯中常用的梗~具體用法見(jiàn)《艱難的國(guó)運(yùn)與雄健的國(guó)民》

　　4，got the hang of意為“找到…的竅門(mén)”如;The Eurozone authorities seem to have finally got the hang of an effective communications strategy, and this has paid off.(歐元區(qū)當(dāng)局看來(lái)已最終掌握了溝通策略，而這已見(jiàn)效。)

　　5，“喜陰。喜干”意為“適應(yīng)潮濕/干燥的環(huán)境”因此譯者分別用了accustom to和prefer來(lái)表達(dá)此意

　　這是個(gè)樂(lè)趣，摸住門(mén)道花草養(yǎng)活了，而且三年五載(7)老活著、開(kāi)花，多么有意思呀!不是亂吹，這就是知識(shí)呀!多得些知識(shí)，一定不是壞事。

　　It gives me much pleasure to know the right way of handling them. How interesting it is to be able to keep my flowers and plants alive and watch them thrive and bloom year in year out! It is no exaggeration to say that there is much knowledge involved in this! And the more knowledge one acquires, the better it is of course.

　　要點(diǎn)：

　　1，“三年五載”以靈活的辦法譯為year in year out(每年)，類似的表達(dá)還有day in(and) day out(每天)~相較于every year, everyday,前者更加適合文學(xué)翻譯

　　2，“不是亂吹，這就是知識(shí)呀”意即“我可沒(méi)有夸張哦，這的確有很多知識(shí)在里面!”故譯為It is no exaggeration to say that there is much knowledge involved in this!要知道，老舍寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的是通過(guò)養(yǎng)花這件事說(shuō)明知識(shí)的重要性~翻譯時(shí)一定不要按字面意思來(lái)譯

　　3，“多得些知識(shí)，一定不是壞事”譯為And the more knowledge one acquires, the better it is of course.采用反話正說(shuō)的手法，巧妙地將作者重視知識(shí)的語(yǔ)氣表現(xiàn)地淋漓盡致~

　　我不是有腿病嗎，不但不利于行，也不利于久坐。我不知道花草們受我的照顧，感謝我不感謝;我可得感謝它們。在我工作的時(shí)候，我總是寫(xiě)了幾十個(gè)字，就到院中去看看，澆澆這棵，搬搬那盆，然后回到屋中再寫(xiě)一點(diǎn)，然后再出去，如此循環(huán)(8)，把腦力勞動(dòng)與體力勞動(dòng)結(jié)合到一起，有益身心(9)，勝于吃藥。

　　As I have some trouble with my leg, I can’t move around easily, nor can I sit too long. I don’t know if the flowers under my care are grateful to me or not. However, I wish for my part to acknowledge my thanks to them. I often leave off sedentary work after writing a few dozen words and go to the courtyard to take a look at the flowers, watering them and moving about the potted ones. Then I’ll return to my room to write a bit more. I’ll go through the same back-and-forth process again and again, thus combining mental with manual labour. This is a better way to keep me fit in mind and body than taking medicine.

　　要點(diǎn)：

　　1， “我不是有腿病嗎”即“我有腿病”，譯為 I have some trouble with my leg，此處用疑問(wèn)的句式表達(dá)肯定的觀點(diǎn)，譯為陳述句~

　　2， “不但不利于行，也不利于久坐”運(yùn)用“否定+nor”的結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)之前在《我坐了木船》中有詳細(xì)介紹，忘記的童鞋請(qǐng)穿越~~另外，此句和前面的分句有邏輯上的因果關(guān)系，下面的“不知…我可得感謝它們”也有邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折，翻譯時(shí)要體現(xiàn)體現(xiàn)體現(xiàn)出來(lái)~!

　　3， “我可得感謝它們”譯為I wish for my part to acknowledge my thanks to them，其中for my part是插入語(yǔ)，意為“就我而言”;“感謝”譯為acknowledge thanks to，這個(gè)句型在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人們的講話上也常用~

　　4，“然后再出去，如此循環(huán)”不宜按字面直譯，現(xiàn)譯為I’ll go through the same back-and-forth process again and again，其中定語(yǔ)back-and-forth作“來(lái)來(lái)往往”解;go through the same process作“重復(fù)同一過(guò)程”解。

　　5，“有益身心”可有兩種譯法：to keep me fit in mind and body或to keep me mentally and physically fit。

　　要是趕上狂風(fēng)暴雨或天氣突變哪，就得全家動(dòng)員(10)，搶救花草，十分緊張(11)。幾百盆花，都要很快地?fù)尩轿堇锶�，使人腰酸腿疼，熱汗直流�?/p>

　　In case of a violent storm or a sudden change of weather, however, the whole family will have to turn out to salvage the flowers and plants. Everybody will then feel keyed up. By the time when we have managed to move the several hundred potted flowers to the rooms in a hurry, we will be dog-tired and wet with perspiration.

　　要點(diǎn)：

　　1，“就得全家動(dòng)員”譯為the whole family will have to turn out，其中動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)to turn out的意思是“出動(dòng)”或“出來(lái)參加”。

　　2，“十分緊張”譯為feel keyed up，其中動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)to key up的意思是“使緊張”，因此keyed up和excited、tense等同義

　　3，“幾百盆花，都要很快地?fù)尩轿堇锶�，使人腰酸腿疼，熱汗直流”譯為By the time when we have managed to move the several hundred potted flowers to the rooms in a hurry, we will be dog-tired and wet with perspiration.其中譯者并沒(méi)有具體地翻譯這兩個(gè)四字格，而譯成了dog-tired(極度疲乏，像狗一樣累)和wet with perspiration(汗珠，汗)。不僅傳達(dá)了原文信息，又保留生動(dòng)的形象~

　　第二天，天氣好轉(zhuǎn)，又得把花兒都搬出去，就又一次腰酸腿疼，熱汗直流�？墒�，這多么有意思!不勞動(dòng)，連棵花兒也養(yǎng)不活，這難道不是真理么?

　　The next day, when the weather is fine, we will have another round of being dog-tired and wet with perspiration in taking all the flowers out to the courtyard again. How interesting it is! Isn’t it true that without doing manual labour, we couldn’t even keep a single flower alive?

　　要點(diǎn)：

　　1，“又…”譯為have another round of doing

　　2,“不勞動(dòng)，連棵花兒也養(yǎng)不活，這難道不是真理么?”反問(wèn)句，譯為一般疑問(wèn)句Isn’t it true that without doing manual labour, we couldn’t even keep a single flower alive? 將語(yǔ)言的運(yùn)用發(fā)揮到淋漓盡致~

　　送牛奶的同志，進(jìn)門(mén)就夸“好香”!這使我們?nèi)�家都感到驕傲。趕到曇花開(kāi)放的時(shí)候，約幾位朋友來(lái)看看，更有秉燭夜游的神氣(12)——曇花總在夜里放蕊。花兒分根了，一棵分為數(shù)棵，就贈(zèng)給朋友們一些;看著友人拿走自己的勞動(dòng)果實(shí)，心里自然特別喜歡。

　　It filled the whole family with pride whenever the milkman exclaims on entering our gate, “What a sweet smell!” When the night-blooming cereuses are about to be in flower, we will invite some friends to visit us in the evening to feast their eyes on them—in an atmosphere smacking of nocturnal merry-making under candle lights. When the cereuses have branched out, we will pick some of the flowers and give them as a present to our friends. We are of course especially happy to see them take away our fruits of labour.

　　要點(diǎn)：

　　1， 又出現(xiàn)了表示“使某人感到…”的句子了，這次是fill sb with,迄今為止，我們已經(jīng)見(jiàn)過(guò)的表達(dá)有：generate in sb a feeling/sensation of ;give sb great pleasure(使某人愉悅);inspire sb by(使某人振奮)~

　　2,“更有秉燭夜游的神氣”中的“秉燈夜游”是成語(yǔ)，比喻“及時(shí)行樂(lè)”，今結(jié)合上下文按“夜間秉燭作樂(lè)”的意思譯為nocturnal(夜間活動(dòng)的，夜間發(fā)生的) merry-making(作樂(lè)) under candle lights。又“更有……神氣”意即“帶有……的味道”，故全句譯為in an atmosphere smacking of nocturnal merry-making under candle lights.

　　當(dāng)然，也有傷心的時(shí)候，今年夏天這有這么一回。三百株菊秧還在地上(沒(méi)有移入盆中的時(shí)候)，下了暴雨。鄰家的墻倒了下來(lái)，菊秧被砸死者約三十多種，一百多棵!全家都幾天沒(méi)有笑容!

　　有喜有憂，有笑有淚，有花有實(shí)，有香有色，既須勞動(dòng)，又長(zhǎng)見(jiàn)識(shí)，這就是養(yǎng)花的樂(lè)趣。

　　Of course, there is a time to feel sad too. Last summer, a rainstorm hit us when 300 chrysanthemum seedlings in the courtyard were about to be transplanted to pots. Suddenly, the wall of our neighbour collapsed and crushed more than 100 seedlings of 30 varieties. The whole family were sad-faced for quiet a few days!

　　Joy and sorrow, laughter and tears, flowers and fruit, fragrance and colour, manual labour and increased knowledge—all these make up the joy of flower cultivation.

　　要點(diǎn)：

　　1，“有喜有憂，有笑有淚，有花有實(shí)，有香有色”譯為Joy and sorrow, laughter and tears, flowers and fruit, fragrance and colour, 譯文在翻譯“有…,有…”句式時(shí)采用直接列舉的方式，更簡(jiǎn)潔更符合原文輕快的氣氛~

　　2，“既須勞動(dòng)，又長(zhǎng)見(jiàn)識(shí)”運(yùn)用詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，譯為manual labour and increased knowledge，也是為了貼合原文的氛圍~

　　賞析

　　Successful literary works have a common feature, that is, there is a layer of meaning beyond the literal meaning, that is, what the ancients said "there is something in the words, implied meaning and implied meaning". It seems that the writer did not want to express this meaning, which we realized when reading.

　　The title of this essay is "raising flowers", and there is no place in the whole essay to leave raising flowers. However, between the lines, we heard another voice of the author: "how interesting life is! How beautiful life is! Without labor, you can't even raise a flower. Isn't this the truth?" It is simply a hymn of life, full of love for beautiful things and love for life. The writer just doesn't mention it literally, but every word contains it.

　　Because this prose has such overtones and rhymes, it will make people feel endless and charming!

　　Where did this insinuation come from? It comes from the author's heart, it is the author's voice.

　　If Mr. Lao she didn't love his new life so much, and if he didn't have such a kind and beautiful heart, he couldn't make such an implied sound.

　　His heart is too beautiful and kind. He loves beautiful things too much. He was sad to see a good peanut dying of disease; Rescuing the flowers and plants in the wind and rain, he was so tired that his back was aching and his legs were aching and he was sweating. He felt unspeakably interesting; He would even thank the flowers and grasses because they gave him happiness... The love for beautiful things in his prose stems from Lao She's beautiful heart.

　　Therefore, the first image created by literary creation is the author's own image. Creation is to open your heart to others. This is especially true of lyric prose and poetry. Only a beautiful heart can sing a beautiful song. The cultivation of art is inseparable from the cultivation of personality. Lu You said that the Kung Fu of writing poetry is outside the poetry. That's what he meant.

　　"Raising flowers" is written very naturally and smoothly. It seems to be casually said in front of friends, like the natural flow of clear spring. There is no trace of knife and axe.

　　However, it pays attention to structure and layout. The whole chapter is inseparable from the cultivation of flowers. The levels are very clear. We can talk about the hobby of flower cultivation, the hard work of flower cultivation, the happiness of flower cultivation, or the sadness of flower cultivation... There are comparisons and changes. In the last paragraph, a few numbers make the finishing touch, clarify the theme and close the full text, so as to make the whole article an inseparable whole.

　　成功的文學(xué)作品有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)，就是在字面之外還有一層意思，也就是古人說(shuō)的“話中有話、言外之意、弦外之音”。似乎作家并不曾要表達(dá)這種意思，是我們?cè)陂喿x時(shí)體味到的。

　　這篇散文的題目是“養(yǎng)花”，全篇也沒(méi)有一處離開(kāi)養(yǎng)花。但是，在字里行間，我們又聽(tīng)到作者另一個(gè)聲音：“生活是多么有趣��！生活是多么美好啊！不勞動(dòng)，連棵花也養(yǎng)不活，這難道不是真理嗎？”它簡(jiǎn)直就是一篇生活的贊歌，洋溢著對(duì)美的事物的喜愛(ài)、對(duì)生活的熱愛(ài)。作家只是字面上沒(méi)有提到這個(gè)意思，可是每個(gè)字又都包含著這個(gè)意思。

　　這篇散文因?yàn)橛辛诉@樣的弦外之音、韻外之致，才會(huì)讓人感到味之不盡，富有魅力吧！

　　這種弦外之音是打哪里來(lái)的呢？它是打作者的心里傳出來(lái)的，它是作者的心聲。

　　若是老舍先生不是這般打心眼里熱愛(ài)新生活，若是他沒(méi)有那樣一顆善良、美好的心靈，他是發(fā)不出這樣的弦外之音的。

　　他心地太美、太善良了，他太愛(ài)美好的東西了。他看著一棵好花生病欲死就難過(guò)；搶救風(fēng)雨中的花草，累得腰酸腿疼、熱汗直流，他感到說(shuō)不出的有意思；他甚至?xí)�感謝起花草來(lái)，因?yàn)樗鼈兘o了他快樂(lè)……散文中流露出的對(duì)美好事物的熱愛(ài)正是源于老舍的那顆美好的心。

　　所以，文學(xué)創(chuàng)作塑造的第一個(gè)形象就是作者自己的形象。創(chuàng)作就是把自己的心打開(kāi)給人看。以抒情為主的散文、詩(shī)歌尤其是這樣。只有美麗的心才能唱出美麗的歌。藝術(shù)的修養(yǎng)離不開(kāi)人格的修養(yǎng)。陸游說(shuō)寫(xiě)詩(shī)的功夫在詩(shī)外，就是這個(gè)意思吧。

　　《養(yǎng)花》寫(xiě)得非常自然、流暢，像是面對(duì)朋友隨隨便便講出來(lái)的，像是清泉自然而然流瀉出來(lái)的，看不到一點(diǎn)刀斧痕跡。

　　然而，它又很講究結(jié)構(gòu)、講究布局。全篇不離養(yǎng)花，層次十分分明，或談養(yǎng)花的愛(ài)好，或談養(yǎng)花的辛苦，或談養(yǎng)花的快樂(lè)，或談養(yǎng)花的憂傷……有對(duì)比，有變化。最后一段，寥寥數(shù)字，畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛，明確題旨，收束全文，使全篇成為一個(gè)不可分割的整體。

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