小升初英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法:to的用法
小升初必備語(yǔ)法:用作介詞的to
to 有兩種用法: 一為不定式+動(dòng)詞原形; 一為介詞+名詞/動(dòng)名詞, to 在下面的用法中是第二種,即to+ 名詞/動(dòng)名詞:
admit to承認(rèn), confess to承認(rèn),
be accustomed to 習(xí)慣于, be used to 習(xí)慣于, stick to 堅(jiān)持, turn to開(kāi)始,著手于, devote oneself to 獻(xiàn)身于, be devoted to 致力于, look forward to 盼望, pay attention to 注意
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法經(jīng)典例題800例:非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(例題1)
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法讓很多學(xué)生都頭疼,因?yàn)閺?fù)雜難懂的句式和詞組有時(shí)難以記憶。為大家整理了英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全,希望對(duì)同學(xué)們的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。更多內(nèi)容盡在。
1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______ a good college.
A. enter B. to enter
C. entering D. entered
【陷阱】容易誤選A。有的同學(xué)一看到空格前的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could 就斷定此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形 enter。
【分析】其實(shí)正確答案應(yīng)是B。此句為省略句,即在 could 后省略了動(dòng)詞 do,若把句子補(bǔ)完整應(yīng)為Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短語(yǔ)(to enter a good college)是用作目的狀語(yǔ)的,而不是與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(could)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)?jiān)倏搭?lèi)似例句:
(1) They did what they could to comfort her. 他們盡量安慰她。
(2) They did everything they could to save her life. 他們盡一切力量拯救她的性命。
(3) He studies as hard as he could to catch up with his classmates. 他拼命學(xué)習(xí)以便趕上他的同學(xué)。
值得指出的是,這也并不是說(shuō)今后只要遇到類(lèi)似結(jié)構(gòu)的題就一定選帶to不定式。請(qǐng)看以下試題:
(4) He ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the early bus.
A. to hope B. hope
C. hoping D. hoped
此題的答案是 C不是A,其中的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ) hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。
(5) He spent every minute he could _____ spoken English.
A. practise B. to practise
C. practising D. practised
此題答案選 C,這與前面動(dòng)詞 spent 的搭配有關(guān),即 spend … (in) doing sth。若將此句補(bǔ)充完整,即為 He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English.
(6) Before going abroad he devoted all he could ____D____ his oral English.
A. improve B. to improve
C. improving D. to improving
此題答案選D,注意兩點(diǎn):一是 devote … to … 是固定搭配,意為“把……貢獻(xiàn)給……”;二是其中的 to 是介詞,不是不定式符號(hào),后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞。
2. He knows nothing about it, so he can’t help _______ any of your work.
A. doing B. to do
C. being doing D. to be done
【陷阱】容易誤選B,根據(jù) can’t help doing sth 這一結(jié)構(gòu)推出。
【分析】其實(shí)答案應(yīng)選A。比較以下結(jié)構(gòu):
can’t help to do sth = 不能幫助做某事
can’t help doing sth = 禁不住做某事,情不自禁地做某事
又如下面一題,答案也是 B:
She can’t help ____ the house because she’s busy making a cake.
A cleaning B. to clean
C. cleaned D. being cleaned
再請(qǐng)看以下試題:
While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _____ into buying something they don’t really need.
A. to persuade B. persuading
C. being persuaded D. be persuaded
此題應(yīng)選C,句中的' can’t help 意為“禁不住”(注意根據(jù)句意用被動(dòng)形式)。
3. All her time _______ experiments, she has no time for films.
A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing
C. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】此題最佳答案為B,F(xiàn)分析如下:
(1) devote 意為“致力于,獻(xiàn)身于”,主要用 devote…to…或be devoted to,其中的to 是介詞,不是不定式符號(hào),故后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞,不用不定式。
(2) 選A錯(cuò)誤:若將 do 改為 doing 則可以。
(3) 選B正確:all her time devoted to doing experiments為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),用作狀語(yǔ)。
(4) 選C錯(cuò)誤:因?yàn)閍ll her time 與 devote 為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故應(yīng)將devoting改為devoted。
(5) 選D錯(cuò)誤:若單獨(dú)看 All her time is devoted to doing experiments,此句并沒(méi)有錯(cuò),但問(wèn)題是逗號(hào)前后兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句沒(méi)有必要的連接方式,所以從整體上看仍不對(duì),假若在后一句的句首加上and或so,則可選D,或?qū)將中的is 改為 being也可選它。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法經(jīng)典例題800例:虛擬語(yǔ)氣(例題)
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法讓很多學(xué)生都頭疼,因?yàn)閺?fù)雜難懂的句式和詞組有時(shí)難以記憶。為大家整理了英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全,希望對(duì)同學(xué)們的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。更多內(nèi)容盡在。
1. I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now.
A. will show B. would show
C. am going to show D. am showing
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】正確答案選B。根據(jù)上文的語(yǔ)境可知句中的 or 隱含有一個(gè)虛擬的條件,即 or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article(要是我沒(méi)忘記我在哪兒讀過(guò)這篇文章的話——但事實(shí)上忘了)。
2. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _____.”
A. He’d better give up drinking
B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much
C. Health is more important than drink
D. I wonder why he is always doing so
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選,主要是受句中 drunk 一詞的影響。
【分析】最佳答案為D。關(guān)鍵信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,句子既然用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣,也就是說(shuō),“他喝醉了”不是事實(shí),只是他的言行好像是醉了,所以此題的最佳答案是D。
3. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _____ you if you had so high a fever.”
A. do B. are
C. will D. would
【陷阱】容易誤選A或C。選A者,認(rèn)為前后兩句的動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)應(yīng)一致;選C者,認(rèn)為其后帶有if 條件狀語(yǔ)從句,從語(yǔ)氣上看,主句應(yīng)用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。
【分析】此題最佳答案為D。分析如下:
(1) “so + 助動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ)”是一個(gè)很有用的結(jié)構(gòu),它表示“……也一樣”時(shí)。如:
He likes to watch TV, and so do I. 他喜歡看電視,我也一樣。
When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 當(dāng)動(dòng)植物消失的時(shí)候,人類(lèi)也會(huì)隨之消失。
(2) 由于空格后的 if 條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣(這是很重要的信息),所以主句要用 would 而不用 will,即答案應(yīng)選D。
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