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強(qiáng)調(diào)復(fù)雜的英語語法結(jié)構(gòu)句式

時(shí)間:2020-08-03 10:10:50 基礎(chǔ)英語 我要投稿

強(qiáng)調(diào)復(fù)雜的英語語法結(jié)構(gòu)句式

  英語語法強(qiáng)調(diào)句知識(shí)點(diǎn):復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式

  句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜時(shí),尤其是當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分比較復(fù)雜時(shí),有的同學(xué)們就不能識(shí)別句子所用的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu),從而不能正確作出選擇。如:

強(qiáng)調(diào)復(fù)雜的英語語法結(jié)構(gòu)句式

  It was lack of money, not of effort, that defeated their plan.

  他們的計(jì)劃受挫,原因是缺少錢而不是沒有盡力。

  It was more in sorrow than in anger that he criticized his former colleague.

  他批評(píng)以前的同事,并非出于氣憤而是為他惋惜。

  It is the protection for the trees that really matters, rather than how many trees are planted.

  真正重要的在于對(duì)樹木的保護(hù),而不在于種了多少樹。

  As far as he’s concerned, it’s not doing something wrong that matters, but not being caught doing something wrong,

  就他而論,重要的不是做錯(cuò)事,而是做錯(cuò)事不被抓住。

  請(qǐng)看兩道題:

  (1) It is not who is right but what is right _______ is of importance.

  A. which B. it C. that D. this

  答案為C。此題考查it is…that…這一強(qiáng)調(diào)句式,被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是not who is right but what is right,全句意為:重要的不是誰是對(duì)的,而是什么才是對(duì)的。

  有時(shí)考查not…but…的同義結(jié)構(gòu)…rather than…與強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的綜合運(yùn)用。如:

  (2) It is what you do rather than what you say _______matters

  A. that B. what C. which D. this

  答案為A。被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為what you do rather than what you say,全句意為:重要的是看你怎么做,而不是看你怎么說。

  英語語法強(qiáng)調(diào)句知識(shí)點(diǎn):It is...that…句式通常不能強(qiáng)調(diào)哪些成分

  有這樣一道考題:

  It was a teacher that she __________.

  A. was B. seemed C. looked D. married

  此題應(yīng)選D。從句意上看似乎4個(gè)選項(xiàng)都行,其實(shí)這里只能填D。因?yàn)樘預(yù),B,C 中的任意一個(gè)選項(xiàng),都會(huì)導(dǎo)致句中的 a teacher成為表語,然而按照強(qiáng)調(diào)句句法規(guī)則,It is...that這一強(qiáng)調(diào)句型是不能強(qiáng)調(diào)表語的。一般說來,以下成分不能用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分:

  1. 表語:

  她很美。

  正:She is beautiful.

  誤:It is beautiful she is.

  他是醫(yī)生。

  正:He is a doctor.

  誤:It is a doctor that he is.

  但是賓語補(bǔ)足語卻可以用作被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分:

  他們選他擔(dān)任主席。

  正:They elected him chairman.

  正:It was chairman that they elected him.

  2. since 和 as 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句(但 because 從句卻可以):

  他不能來是因?yàn)樗×恕?/p>

  正:It is because he is ill that he can’t come.

  誤:It is since[as] he’s ill that he can’t come.

  3. although 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句:

  雖然累了,但他還是去了。

  正:He went although he was tired.

  誤:It was although he was tired that he went.

  英語語法強(qiáng)調(diào)句知識(shí)點(diǎn):強(qiáng)調(diào)句式強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語的五種類型

  一、所強(qiáng)調(diào)的狀語為單個(gè)的副詞

  能用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句被強(qiáng)調(diào)的副詞不多,下面略舉幾例:

  It was here that he differed from an Englishman.

  他和英國人的不同就在于此。

  It was only then that I began to learn the unpalatable truth about John.

  直到那時(shí)我才開始了解到有關(guān)約翰的一些令人難以接受的實(shí)情。

  It was yesterday that my secretary sent the bill to Mr Harding.

  我的秘書是在昨天把賬單送給哈丁先生的。

  二、所強(qiáng)調(diào)的狀語為融詞性短語

  所謂副詞性短語,就是指起副詞作用可用狀語的短語,如last week, some time ago, three days later等。如:

  It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.

  第一面帶有一個(gè)鐘面和一根時(shí)針的鐘是在大約600年前制造的。

  It was only last February that he announced he would run for president.

  去年2月他才宣布自己將參加總統(tǒng)競(jìng)選。

  It was last night that John wore his best suit to the dance.

  約翰是昨晚穿著他最好的衣服去參加舞會(huì)的。

  三、所強(qiáng)調(diào)的狀語為介詞短語

  介詞短語的最主要功能就是用作狀語,所以在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中,強(qiáng)調(diào)用作狀語的介詞短語的現(xiàn)象十分普遍。如:

  It was through hard work that he succeeded.

  他是通過自己的勤奮工作而成功的。

  It was only after his death that she learned of his affair with Betty.

  一直到他死后她才知道他和貝蒂有染。

  It was along the Mississippi River that Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.

  正是在密西西比河沿岸,馬克·吐溫度過了他童年的大部分時(shí)間。

  It was for this reason that her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village.

  這就是她的叔叔離開紐約,搬到一個(gè)小山村住下來的原因。

  It is only on the world market that we can prove the competitiveness and quality of our goods.

  只有在國際市場(chǎng)上我們才能證明自身商品的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力和質(zhì)量。

  It was thanks to your stupidity that we lost the game.

  我們輸?shù)舯荣愂怯捎谀愕挠薮馈?/p>

  四、所強(qiáng)調(diào)的狀語為狀語從句

  It was after he got what he had desired that he realized it was not so important.

  在他得到自己所渴望的東西后,他意識(shí)到那并不是那么重要。

  It was because I wanted to buy a dictionary that I went to town yesterday.

  我昨天是由于想買本字典而進(jìn)城的。

  It was only when I read her letter that I realised what was happening.

  一直到我讀了她的信以后,我才意識(shí)到發(fā)生了什么事。

  五、所強(qiáng)調(diào)的狀語涉及not…until…句式

  not...until...句式中的until可能是介詞(用于引出介詞短語作狀語)也可能是連詞(用于引出從句作狀語)。這類句式的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是It is (was) not until...that...(注意that后面的句子要用肯定式)。如:

  It was not until the meal was over that he turned up.

  一直到用餐結(jié)束以前,他都沒有現(xiàn)身。

  It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness.

  直到我遇到你以后,我才真正體會(huì)到幸福。

  It was not until 1911 that the first of the vitamins was identified.

  直到1911年才發(fā)現(xiàn)了第一種維生素。

  It was not until I saw him laughing that I realized what a fool I had been.

  直到我看見他笑了,我才意識(shí)到我是多么笨。

  英語語法強(qiáng)調(diào)句知識(shí)點(diǎn):英語強(qiáng)調(diào)句的七種方式

  我們?cè)谡f話或?qū)懳恼聲r(shí),為了要突出句子中的某一部分,我們通常會(huì)使用某種方法或手段使它突出,以便能引起他人的注意,這就是強(qiáng)調(diào),與此相關(guān)的句子就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。英語表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的方法很多,比如在口語中可以用重讀來強(qiáng)調(diào),在書面語中則可通過使用表示強(qiáng)調(diào)意義的詞語來強(qiáng)調(diào),也可以通過將被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分置于句首這樣的“顯要”位置來強(qiáng)調(diào),還可以使用專門的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式來強(qiáng)調(diào)。

  ■用助動(dòng)詞do來強(qiáng)調(diào)

  當(dāng)句子中沒有其他的助動(dòng)詞時(shí),我們可以在動(dòng)詞前使用助動(dòng)詞do表示對(duì)該動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)。如:

  Do be careful with that vase! 務(wù)必小心那個(gè)花瓶!

  I do hope you’ll stay for lunch. 我真的希望你留下吃午飯。

  用于表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的do可以有時(shí)態(tài)的變化,但其后的動(dòng)詞要用原形。如:

  He does look tired. 他確實(shí)顯得很疲倦。

  He did come but soon went back. 他的確來過,但很快就回去了。

  She did write to say thank you. 她的確寫信向你道謝了。

  注意,這樣用的do只用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)或過去式(即只有do, does, did這樣的形式),不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成時(shí)等形式(如不用于is doing, has done等)。

  ■用某些形容詞來強(qiáng)調(diào)

  英語中用于強(qiáng)調(diào)的形容詞比較多,比如那些表示“極端”和“完全”概念的形容詞通常就可以用于表示強(qiáng)調(diào),這類形容詞主要的有:

  mere 僅僅的 very 極端的

  outright 完全的 thorough 十足的

  plain 完全的 complete 徹底的

  pure 完全的 perfect 全然的

  Jim looked a perfect fool. 吉姆看起來像一個(gè)十足的傻瓜。

  At that very moment the phone rang. 正好在那個(gè)時(shí)候電話鈴響了。

  We gave the room a thorough cleaning. 我們把房間徹底打掃了一番。

  ■用某些副詞來強(qiáng)調(diào)

  英語中有不少副詞可以用于表示強(qiáng)調(diào),比如only就是其中的一個(gè)。如:

  You may put the meeting off only when it is absolutely necessary. 你們可以把會(huì)議推遲,但只是在絕對(duì)必要時(shí)才能這樣做。

  試比較:

  Only I kissed her last night. 昨晚只有我吻了她。

  I only kissed her last night. 昨晚只是吻了她。

  I kissed only her last night. 昨晚我吻的只有她。

  I kissed her only last night [last night only]. 我只是在昨晚才吻了她。

  ■用句首位置來強(qiáng)調(diào)

  在英語中,句首位置是通常用于表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的一個(gè)地方,當(dāng)某個(gè)本來不應(yīng)置于句首的成分放在句首,往往會(huì)對(duì)這個(gè)成分構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)。比較:

  普通:He kept this job twenty years. 這個(gè)工作他做了20年。

  強(qiáng)調(diào):This job he kept twenty years. 他做這個(gè)工作做了20年。

  普通:The students can understand this. 學(xué)生們是理解這一點(diǎn)的。

  強(qiáng)調(diào):This the students can understand. 這一點(diǎn)學(xué)生們是理解的。

  普通:I know that she is a good girl. 我知道她是一個(gè)好姑娘。

  強(qiáng)調(diào):That she is a good girl I know. 她是一個(gè)好姑娘,我是知道的。

  普通:Press the red button to switch on. 請(qǐng)按紅色按鈕開機(jī)。

  強(qiáng)調(diào):To switch on, press red button. 要開機(jī),請(qǐng)按紅色按鈕。

  ■用定語從句來強(qiáng)調(diào)

  有時(shí)我們可以使用定語從句來對(duì)一個(gè)名詞進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào),如用the person who, the thing that, the place where, the day when, the reason why這樣的結(jié)構(gòu),把需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的名詞與定語從句連在一起。比較:

  普通:Mary keeps pigs in the garden shed. 瑪麗在花園的棚子里養(yǎng)豬。

  強(qiáng)調(diào):Mary is the person who keeps pigs in the garden shed. 瑪麗就是在花園的棚子里養(yǎng)豬的那個(gè)人。(強(qiáng)調(diào)Mary)

  強(qiáng)調(diào):The garden shed is the place where Mary keeps pigs. 花園里的棚子就是瑪麗養(yǎng)豬的地方。(強(qiáng)調(diào)the garden shed)

  強(qiáng)調(diào):The place where Mary keeps pigs is the garden shed. 瑪麗養(yǎng)豬的地方是花園里的棚子。(強(qiáng)調(diào)the place where Mary keeps pigs)

  ■用what從句來強(qiáng)調(diào)

  當(dāng)what的意思是表示“所……的……”時(shí),它通常具有強(qiáng)調(diào)意味,此時(shí)的what通常相當(dāng)于“先行詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。如:

  This is what I have to say. 這就是我所要說的話。

  句中的what相當(dāng)于the thing that。

  What he says is not important. 他說的話并不重要。

  句中的what也相當(dāng)于the thing that。

  He is no longer what he was. 他已經(jīng)不是以前的他了。

  句中的what相當(dāng)于the person who。

  另外,what從句有時(shí)還可以用于強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞。如:

  What we can do is (to) write to him. 我們唯一能做的'事是給他寫信。

  What you do is (to) mix the eggs with flour 你要做的事是把面粉和雞蛋攪和在一起。

  ■用強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)來強(qiáng)調(diào)

  英語中表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)有一個(gè)很重要的句型,那就是“it is (was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that (who)+其他”結(jié)構(gòu)。比較:

  It was in the office that he was killed. 他是辦公室被殺害的。

  It is the children who broke the window. 是孩子們打破窗戶的。

  第一句的被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分的是in the office,第二句的被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分是the children。其中that和who的區(qū)別是:當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)人時(shí),可用that或who,當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)其他成分時(shí),用that。注意,當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)時(shí),不能用when和 where 代替that。

  在具體使用時(shí),要特別注意這類強(qiáng)調(diào)句的疑問句形式。比較:

  陳述句:It is because he is ill that he can’t come. 是因?yàn)樯∷艣]有來。

  一般疑問句:Is it because he is ill that he can’t come? 是因?yàn)樯∷艣]有來嗎?

  特殊疑問句:Why is it that he can’t come? 他為什么不能來?

  另外,還要注意not...until…這一句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句莆式,它的基本形式是It is (was) not until…that…。

  如:

  直到我遇到你以后,我才真正體會(huì)到幸福。

  正常:I didn’t know real happiness until I met you.

  強(qiáng)調(diào):It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness.

  直到吃完飯他才現(xiàn)身。

  正常:He didn’t turn up until the meal was over.

  強(qiáng)調(diào):It was not until the meal was over that he turned up.

  英語語法強(qiáng)調(diào)句知識(shí)點(diǎn):強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的疑問式及回答

  一、一般疑問句

  A:Was it you who put these books on my desk? 是你把這些書放到我桌上的嗎?

  (比較原句:Did you put these books on my desk? )

  B:Yes, it was. 是我。

  二、特殊疑問句

  A:Who was it that gave you the book? 是誰給了你這本書?

  (比較原句:Who gave you the book?)

  B:It was Tom. 是湯姆給我的。

  A:How is it that he goes to school every day? 他每天是怎樣去上學(xué)的?

  (比較原句:How does he go to school every day?)

  B:It is by bike. 是騎自行車去的。

  三、反意疑問句

  A:It was Tom broke the window, wasn’t it? 是湯姆打爛窗戶的,對(duì)嗎?

  B:Yes, it was. 是的。

  英語語法強(qiáng)調(diào)句知識(shí)點(diǎn):強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)能強(qiáng)調(diào)哪些成分

  強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)是:It +is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that+句子的剩余部分。如果我們要強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)句子的某個(gè)部分時(shí),就將要強(qiáng)調(diào)的那個(gè)部分放在it is/was與that之間,而句子的其余部分原封不動(dòng)地直接放在that之后。此結(jié)構(gòu)可強(qiáng)調(diào)除謂語動(dòng)詞外的各種成分。

  (1) 強(qiáng)調(diào)主語

  It was he that saw Mr. Wang on TV yesterday. 是他在電視上看到了王先生。

  (2) 強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語

  It was Mr. Wang that he saw on TV yesterday. 他昨天在電視上看到的是王先生。

  (3) 強(qiáng)調(diào)補(bǔ)語

  It is green that he has pained the door. 他把門漆成綠色了。

  (4) 強(qiáng)調(diào)表語

  It is a doctor that he has become. 他已成為一名教師了。

  (5) 強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語

  It was on TV that he saw Mr. Wang yesterday. 他昨天是在電視上看到王先生的。

  (6) 強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語

  It was yesterday that he saw Mr. Wang on TV. 是昨天他在電視看到王先生。

  (7) 強(qiáng)調(diào)方式狀語

  It was by bike that we went to the park. 我們是騎自行車去公園的。

  (8) 強(qiáng)調(diào)各類從句

  It was what he said that surprised me. 是他講的話讓我吃諒。

  It is because the book is so useful for my work that I bought it. 正因?yàn)檫@本書對(duì)我很有用,我才買它。

  It was just as he ordered that she acted. 她正是照他吩咐的去做的。

  (9) 強(qiáng)調(diào)not…until…中的時(shí)間狀語

  It was not until 12 o’clock that he went to bed. 直到12點(diǎn)他才睡。(比較原句:He didn’t go to bed until 12 o’clock. )

  It was not until his father came back home that he went to bed. 直到他父親回到家里他才睡。

  (比較原句:He didn’t go to bed until his father came back home.)

  (10) 強(qiáng)調(diào)非謂語動(dòng)詞

  It was playing computer games that cost the boy a lot of money.

  電腦游戲花掉了這個(gè)孩子許多錢。

  It was to get my brakes repaired that I brought my car in, not to get the engine replaced!

  我開車來是修理剎車的而不是來換動(dòng)力的。

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