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英語語法知多點

時間:2020-08-03 10:05:20 基礎(chǔ)英語 我要投稿

英語語法知多點

  英語語法存在句知識點:there be結(jié)構(gòu)的主語可以是代詞嗎

英語語法知多點

   there be結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語可以是代詞如:

  There’s but we two.

  只有我們兩個人。

  Let’s see, there’s you and me…

  讓我想一想,有你和我……

  I’m old and he is my son. There is only he to take my body to the grave.

  我老了,他是我的兒子。只有他給我送葬了。

  英語語法強調(diào)句知識點:判斷此題是定語從句還是強調(diào)句。

  例題解析:

  It was in the small house _________ was built with stones by his father _________ he spent his childhood.

  A. which, that B. that, which C. which, which D. that, where

  答案選A,填對此句的關(guān)鍵是要弄清第二空必須填 that,因為這是一個強調(diào)句,被強調(diào)部分為 in the small house (以及修飾它的定語從句 which was built with stones by his father)。又如:

  (1) It was the boy _________ had been in prison _________ stole the money.

  A. who, where B. that, how C. who, that D. that, which

  【分析】此題答案選C,全句為強調(diào)句,被強調(diào)成分是 the boy (以及修飾它的定語從句who had been in prison)。

  (2) It was just in the room _________ he was born _________ he died.

  A. where, which B. that, that C. where, that D. which, that

  【分析】此題答案選C,全句為強調(diào)句,被強調(diào)成分是 in this room,where he was born 為修飾 the room 的定語從句。

  強調(diào)句與其他從句的比較:

  1. 強調(diào)句與主語從句的比較:

  強調(diào)句將句子中的it is / was …that同時省去,句子仍然成立;而主語從句將that與后面部分代替it,成立。如:

  (1) It is Li Lei’s brother that you met in the street yesterday. 你昨天在街上所見到的就是李蕾的兄弟。

  本句若將It is 及 that同時省去為:You met Li Lei’s brother in the street yesterday. 句子同樣成立,因此前面的句子是強調(diào)句型。

  (2) It is exciting that we have succeeded in sending up Shenzhou V. 我們成功地發(fā)射了神舟五號這件事情真令人興奮。

  本句若將It is 及 that同時省去為:We have succeeded exciting in sending up Shenzhou V. 顯然句子錯誤,因此,前面句子不是強調(diào)句型,而是主語從句。

  2. 強調(diào)句與定語從句的比較:

  ◎強調(diào)句中的'It沒有實際意義,It be與that可同時被省略;而定語從句中的It是主語,It be與that不可同時省略;

  ◎強調(diào)句型中be的時態(tài)須跟后面句子的時態(tài)相一致;而定語從句中主句謂語動詞be的時態(tài)須由主句的時間確定

  ◎強調(diào)句將句子中的that不能省略,并且即使前面的名詞是事物時,也不能將that換成which;而定語從句中的that作賓語時可被省略,并且當先行詞是事物時可用which代替。

  ◎當it be后面的時間、地點名詞作主語、賓語或表語時,引導(dǎo)詞可用that / which;而作其他成分時,引導(dǎo)詞須用when / which。如:

  (1) It is an English book (that / which) I bought yesterday. 它是我昨天買的書。(本句是對What is that?問句的回答,that所引導(dǎo)的是定語從句,that可被省略)

  It was the English book that I bought yesterday. 昨天我所賣的就是這本書。(本句相當于對I bought the English book yesterday中an English book進行強調(diào))

  (2) It was a room where we used to have meetings. 它是我們過去常在開會的房子。(where 所引導(dǎo)的從句對前面的room進行說明,它是定語從句)

  It was in the room that we used to have meetings. 過去我們開會就在這間房子里。(in the room是被強調(diào)的部分,本句是強調(diào)句型)

  (3) It is a day when the people celebrate their victory. 這是人們慶祝他們的勝利的日子。 (when所引導(dǎo)的從句對a day進行說明,是定語從句)

  It was on that day that people celebrated their victory. 就在那一天,人們慶祝了他們的勝利。(強調(diào)on October 1, 1949)

  3.強調(diào)句與狀語從句的比較:

  ◎狀語從句句首的It本身就是句子的主語;而強調(diào)句首的It不作任何成分也沒有實際意義。

  ◎狀語從句的連接副詞that及句子前面的It be不能去掉。

  ◎狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞可以是when / where,而強調(diào)句型中的that不能用其他詞代替。如:

  (1) It is such an interesting book that we all like it very much. 它是一本如此有趣的書,我們大家都非常喜歡。(結(jié)果狀語主從復(fù)合句)

  It is such an interesting book that we all like very much. 我們大家都非常喜歡的就是一本如此有趣的書。(強調(diào)such an interesting book)

  (比較:It is such an interesting book as we all like very much. 這就是我們大家都非常喜歡的如此有趣的書。定語從句)

  (2) It was already morning when he woke up. 當他醒來時,已經(jīng)是早晨了。(時間主從復(fù)合句)

  It was the next morning that he woke up. 就在第二天早晨他醒來了。(強調(diào)the next morning)

  英語語法倒裝句知識點:“only+狀語”置于句首句子要倒裝。

  例題解析:

  Only in this way __________ able to finish the work in time.

  A. can you be B. are you C. you can be D. you are

  此題應(yīng)選 B。容易誤選D。至于A,C,這比較容易排除,因為情態(tài)動詞 can 不能與 be able to用在同一謂語中。本題之所以要選B而不選D,主要是因為句首用了only in thisway 的緣故,按照英語語法規(guī)則:“only+狀語”位于句首,句子通常要用倒裝語序(部分倒裝——用一般疑問句形式)。如:

  1. “only 副詞”位于句首。如:

  Only then did I realize that I was wrong. 只是到了那時我才意識到是我錯了。

  2. “only+介詞短語”位于句首如:

  Only by working hard can you succeed. 只有努力工作你才能成功。

  Only in the reading-room can you find him. 你只有在閱覽室才能找到他。

  3. “only+狀語從句”位于句首。如:

  Only when one loses freedom does one know itsvalue. 一個人只有在失去自由后才知道自由的可貴。

  注意:若位于句首的不是only+狀語,而是 only+賓語等,則通常無需倒裝(但有時也可以倒裝)。如:

  Only a policeman the children saw in the street. 孩子們在街上只看到一個警察。

  Only one more point will I make. 我只再說明一點。

      英語語法感嘆句知識點:感嘆句的基本句型

  【句型一】What + (a / an) + 形容詞 + 名詞 + 主語 + 謂語!

  What a clever boy he is! (他是個)多么聰明的男孩啊!

  What an interesting story it is! (這是個)多么有趣的故事啊!

  What fine weather it is! 多好的天氣啊!

  What beautiful flowers they are! (它們是)多么漂亮的花啊!

  【說明】 在感嘆句中,What a / an 常用來修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,若其前面的形容詞為元音開頭,則用 an。what 是用來修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。但有些不可數(shù)名詞,如 rain, surprise, breakfast, lunch 等,當前面有形容詞修飾,使抽象名詞具體化時,則要用 what a / an,如:

  What a heavy rain it is! 多大的一場雨啊!

  What a great surprise it is! 這多么令人驚奇啊!

  What a rich breakfast it is! 多么豐盛的一頓早餐啊!

  【句型二】How + 形容詞 / 副詞 + 主語 + 謂語!

  How well you look! 你氣色真好!

  How kind you are! 你心腸真好!

  How beautifully you sing! 你唱得真好聽!

  Strawberries! How nice! 草莓! 多好呀!

  How clever the boy is! 這個男孩多么聰明啊!

  How fast he runs! 他跑得多么快啊!

  【說明】how還可以修飾動詞構(gòu)成感嘆句,但動詞不提前。如:

  How I want to be a doctor! 我多么想成為一名醫(yī)生啊!

  How she dances! 她跳得多好啊!

     英語語法感嘆句知識點:陳述句改為感嘆句

  感嘆句通常有what, how引導(dǎo),表示贊美、驚嘆、喜 悅、等感情。what修飾名詞,how 修飾形容詞,副詞或動詞,感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)主要有以下幾種:

  How +形容詞+ a +名詞+其他成分!

  How+形容詞或副詞+其他成分!

  What +名詞+其他成分!

  What +a+形容詞+名詞+其他成分!

  What + 形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+其他成分!

  What + 形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+其他成分!

  請看以下例子:

  It’s an interesting film. 這是一部有趣的電影。

  → What an interesting film it is! 這是一部多有趣的電影啊!

  It’s wonderful weather. 天氣很好。

  → What wonderful weather! 天氣真好!

  He did the work carefully. 他做這工作很仔細。

  → How carefully he did the work! 他做這工作多仔細啊!

  Time passed quickly. 時間過得很快。

  → How quickly time passed! 時間過得真快!

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