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讓步狀語(yǔ)從句倒裝用法系統(tǒng)歸納英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法倒裝句知識(shí)點(diǎn)
有這樣一道考題：
_________, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student
這道題很有一定難度。具體說(shuō)來(lái)，它主要涉及兩個(gè)考點(diǎn)：一是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句倒裝后的詞序問(wèn)題。讓步狀語(yǔ)從句之所以要采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，主要是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)位于句首的名詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞等，其詞序形式為：被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分+as / though + 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞。二是在倒裝的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，位于句首的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞是否帶冠詞的問(wèn)題。按照英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，英語(yǔ)中的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞在泛指時(shí)，一般要有不定冠詞的修飾，但是位于倒裝讓步狀語(yǔ)從句句首的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞是個(gè)例外，即使泛指其前也不加不定冠詞。由此可知，上面這道考題的答案應(yīng)為B。
為了幫助大家全面掌握讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的倒裝用法，本文將這類語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象歸納為以下五種句型：
一、名詞+as / though+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞
King as he was, he was unhappy. 他雖是國(guó)王，但他并不幸福。
Child as he is, he knows to help other. 他雖是個(gè)孩子，但卻知道幫助別人。
Teacher though he is, he can’t know everything. 他雖然是老師，但也不可能什么都懂。
【說(shuō)明】其中的動(dòng)詞通常為連系動(dòng)詞，也就是說(shuō)位于句首的名詞是其后連系動(dòng)詞的表語(yǔ)。另外，要特別注意位于句首的名詞前習(xí)慣上不用冠詞，即使其前有形容詞修飾也不用冠詞。比較：
Boy as [though] he is, he likes to play with girls.=Though [Although] he is a boy, he likes to play with girls. 他雖是男孩，卻喜歡與女孩子玩。
Strong man as [though] he is, General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks.= Though [Although] he is a strong man, General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks. 波賽將軍雖然堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，但在過(guò)去的數(shù)周里也受到了嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn)。
二、形容詞+as / though+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞
Successful as he is, he is not proud. 他雖然成功，但不驕傲。
Improbable as it seems, it’s true. 雖然看起來(lái)不太可能，但卻是真的。
Stupid as it sounds，I was so in love with her that I believed her. 盡管聽(tīng)起來(lái)很愚蠢，我是如此愛(ài)她竟然相信了她的話。
Patient as he was，he didn’t like waiting that long. 他雖說(shuō)有耐心，也不愿等這么長(zhǎng)。
Beautiful though the necklace was，we thought it was over-priced. 那條項(xiàng)鏈雖然很漂亮，我們認(rèn)為價(jià)錢太高。
【說(shuō)明】其中的動(dòng)詞也通常為連系動(dòng)詞，也就是說(shuō)位于句首的形容詞是其后連系動(dòng)詞的表語(yǔ)。
三、副詞+as / though+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞
Much as I like Paris, I couldn’t live there. 盡管我喜歡巴黎，但我不能住在那里。
Hard though they tried, they couldn’t make her change her mind. 盡管他們做了很大努力，卻沒(méi)法讓她改變主意。
Fast as you read, you can’t finish the book in two days. 盡管你讀得很快，你總不能在兩天之內(nèi)就讀完這本書。
He was unable to make much progress, hard as he tried. 盡管他做了努力，卻未能取得很大進(jìn)步。
Heavily as it is raining, the football game has been decided not to be put off. 盡管雨下得很大，但還是決定不推遲足球比賽。
【說(shuō)明】有的詞典將much as 作為習(xí)語(yǔ)看待，認(rèn)為它是一個(gè)用以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合連詞。再如：
Much as I admire him as a writer，I do not like him as a man. 他作為一名作家我很佩服他，但我卻不喜歡他這個(gè)人。
Much as I like you, I couldn’t live with you. 我盡管很喜歡你, 卻不能和你在一起生活。
四、動(dòng)詞原形+as / though+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞
Object as you may, I’ll go. 縱使你反對(duì)，我也要去。
Try as he might, he couldn’t solve the problem. 盡管他想方設(shè)法，卻未解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
Search as they would, they would find nobody in the house. 無(wú)論怎樣搜查，他們?cè)诜孔永锶匀粵](méi)有找到一個(gè)人。
Dislike him as we may, we must acknowledge his greatness. 盡管我們不喜歡他，但必須承認(rèn)他的偉大。
Lose money as I did, we got a lot of experience. 錢雖然丟了，我們卻得到了許多經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
Fail in the election as he did, he became famous for his fiery speech against slavery. 盡管落選了，但他卻以其反對(duì)奴隸制的激烈演說(shuō)而出了名。
【說(shuō)明】主語(yǔ)后的動(dòng)詞通常為may, might, would, did 等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞(若表示情態(tài)意義，則選用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞;若陳述事實(shí)，則用did, do 等助動(dòng)詞)。
五、分詞+as / though+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞
Raining hard as it is, I’m going out for a walk. 雖然正在下著大雨，我還是要出去散步。
Surrounded as we were by the enemy, we managed to march forward. 雖然我們被敵人包圍著，但我們還是設(shè)法前進(jìn)了。
Munching the apple as he was, he had got an eye for all John’s movements. 他盡管在一個(gè)勁地嚼著蘋果，但仍警惕著約翰的一舉一動(dòng)。
【三條補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明】
1. 這類倒裝的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可用as, though 來(lái)引導(dǎo)，但不能用although來(lái)引導(dǎo);但是，未倒裝的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句則可用though, although來(lái)引導(dǎo)，而不能用as來(lái)引導(dǎo)。也就是說(shuō)，although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不能倒裝，as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)必須倒裝，而though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可以倒裝也可以不倒裝。如：
雖然很晚了，但我們還是繼續(xù)工作。
正：Late as [though] it was, we still went on working.
正：Though [Although] it was late, we still went on working.
誤：Late although it was, we still went on working.
誤：As it was late, we still went on working.
2. 上面提到的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)也可用來(lái)表示原因，區(qū)別的辦法主要看句子的內(nèi)容：讓步從句的內(nèi)容大多數(shù)與主句在意義上相反，而原因從句則與主句之間有因果關(guān)系。比較：
Tired as he was, he sat up late studying at night. 昨晚他雖然很疲倦了，但還是學(xué)習(xí)到很晚才睡。(表讓步)
Tired as he was, he went to bed early. 因?yàn)楹芾郏运煤茉纭?表原因)
Young as he was, he was equal to the task. 他雖年輕，卻能勝任這項(xiàng)工作。(表讓步)
Young as he was, he was not equal to the task. 他因?yàn)槟贻p，所以不能勝任這項(xiàng)工作。(表原因)
3. 在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中，人們通常用as…as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。如：
Cold as it was, we went out.=As cold as it was, we went out. 盡管天氣冷，我們還是出去了。
Successful as he is, he is not proud.=As successful as he is, he is not proud. 他雖成功了，但不驕傲。
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