新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法精粹
分詞
1．分詞的性質(zhì)：
具有形容詞性質(zhì)，可以在句中擔(dān)任表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)、狀語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，且動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行：過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)，或動(dòng)作已完成。
2．分詞的形式：
例： write (vt) rise (vi)
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 主動(dòng) 過(guò)去分詞
時(shí)態(tài)
現(xiàn)在時(shí) writing being written rising risen /
完成時(shí) having written having been written having risen /
3．分詞的.用法：
�。�1）定語(yǔ) 分詞置于被修飾名詞前
分詞短語(yǔ)于置于被修飾名詞后
a sleeping baby = a baby who is sleeping
a running dog = a dog which is running
a broken glass = a glass which is broken
a beaten team = a team which is beaten（beaten 是被打敗的意思）
This is the problem discussed at the last meeting.
The problem being discussed is very important.
�。�2）表語(yǔ)：The book is interesting.
He is interested in the book.
The news is exciting.
He feels excited.
�。�3）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：
When I woke up, I found my mother sitting beside me.
I'd like to havethis package weighed.
掌握精髓：動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程，而現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)概念。
（4）狀語(yǔ)：（以下例句值得一背�。�
�、� If you turn to the left, you'll find the station.
→ Turning to the left, you'll find the station.
�、� As I didn't receive her letter, I called her up by telephone.
→ Not receiving her letter, I called her up by telephone.
�、� While I was walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.
→ Walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.
④ When she was asked it she had any bad habit, she answeredthat she was a heavy smoker.
→ Asked if she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker.
你知道嗎？注意：在運(yùn)用此類句型時(shí)主語(yǔ)前后要保持一致。
�、� Whenschool was over, the boys went home.
→ Being over, the boys went home. ×
School being over, the boys went home. √
�、� As my homework has been done, I have nothing else to do.
→ My homework having been done, I have nothing else to do.
�、� Ifweather permits, I'll start tomorrow.
→ Weather permitting, I'll start tomorrow.
④ I fwe judge from his face, he must be ill.
→ Judging from his face, he must be ill.（這里應(yīng)該是 we judging ...，但若主語(yǔ)是we, one, you表示“一般人”，主語(yǔ)可省略）
實(shí)際上，這里涉及到獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)問(wèn)題，以后在作分解！
4．分詞的時(shí)態(tài)：
現(xiàn)在分詞一般時(shí)表示此動(dòng)作與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生。
現(xiàn)在分詞完成時(shí)表示此動(dòng)作在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生。
Entering the room, hesaw he. （幾乎同時(shí)）
Not having tried his best, he failed in the exam. （分詞動(dòng)作在前）
5．語(yǔ)態(tài)：現(xiàn)在分詞一般時(shí)被動(dòng)表動(dòng)作正在被進(jìn)行，完成時(shí)被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞所表示的動(dòng)作先被完成。
The ships being loaded and unloaded belong to us.
Having been warned of typhoon, the fishermen sailed for the nearest harbor.（漁民先被告知而后駛向港口）
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