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高一英語第十九單元重點(diǎn)語法
標(biāo)題 Unit 19 章節(jié) 第十九單元
內(nèi)容
一、目的與要求 掌握本單元出現(xiàn)的單詞和詞組, officer, fair, army, handtruck, careless, carelessly, remove, refuse, cross promise, support, engineer, design, pretend, boss, department, designer, gently, pick up, to one’s surprise, call at, look down upon, make a decision, agree with…等等。
二、掌握本單元出現(xiàn)的日常交際用語 It seems that…, I believe …, I (don’t) think…, I (don’t) think so, I (don’t) agree, That’s right, That’s unfair, I’m (not) sure, You are right, I guess… , I can believe that … , In my poinion, …等等。
三、本單元知識(shí)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)分析
�、睆�(fù)合名詞的第一個(gè)詞是man或woman時(shí)，兩部分都要變成復(fù)數(shù)，
例如： man student──men students男學(xué)生
woman doctor──women doctors女醫(yī)生
如本單元women police officers女警官，
women teachers女教師,
women engineers女工程師
⒉It seems that it’s more difficult for women to get to the top of a company. 婦女要想取得一個(gè)公司的最高職位，似乎更加困難。
It seems that…是一個(gè)常用句型，作“似乎”、“好象”、“看來”解，
例如： It seems that he is interested in collecting stamps very much. 他好像對(duì)集郵非常感興趣。
It seems that your father knows this city very well. 看來你父親對(duì)這個(gè)城市非常了解。
It seemed that the students were reading English when the teacher came in. 當(dāng)老師進(jìn)來的時(shí)候，學(xué)生們好象正在讀英語。
注意上述句子也可用另外一種形式表達(dá)，意思一樣，沒有差別。
例如： He seems to be interested in collecting stamps very much.
Your father seems to know this city very well.
The students seemed to be reading English when the teacher came in .
�、矯ompanies that make telephones and computers and so on preper to employ women. 那些制造電話和電子計(jì)算機(jī)的公司更喜歡雇用婦女。
�、胚@是一個(gè)含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句，其中that引導(dǎo)定語從句，并在定語從句中作主語。
⑵(would) preper to…作“寧愿”，“更喜歡”解，
例如： I would preper to go there by bike. 我寧愿騎自行車去那里。
I would preper to stay at home alone than go out to play with you. 我寧愿獨(dú)自一人待在家里，也不愿和你們一起出去玩。
�、碒is job was to design new machines. 他的工作是設(shè)計(jì)新的機(jī)器。 此句中“to design new machines”是動(dòng)詞不定式，作表語。
動(dòng)詞不定式在句中可作主語，表語，賓語，賓語補(bǔ)語，定語和狀語。例如： To answer this question is not easy. (It is not easy to answer this question)（作主語）回答這個(gè)問題并不容易。
His with is to become a scientist in the future.（作表語）他的愿望是將來當(dāng)一名科學(xué)家。
She has forgotten to telephone them. （作賓語）她忘記給他們打電話了。
I think it impossible to work out this math problem in so short a time. （作賓語，it是形式賓語）我認(rèn)為在這么短的時(shí)間里算出這道數(shù)學(xué)難題是不可能的。
The headmaster warned the students not to be late. （作賓語補(bǔ)足語）校長警告學(xué)生們不要遲到。
He was the first to come to school that morning. （作定語）那天早上，他是第一個(gè)到校的。
She went to the train station to meet her uncle.（作目地狀語）她到火車站去接她的叔叔了。
She is too young to go to school. （作結(jié)果狀語）她太小了，不能上學(xué)。
�、礛r. King, whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital. 金先生的腿部受了重傷，很快就被送往醫(yī)院。
句中whose引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)非限定性定語從句，它與主句的關(guān)系不十分密切，只表示對(duì)先行詞作附加說明，前后用逗號(hào)與主句分開。由于限定性不強(qiáng)，只起補(bǔ)充說明的作用，所以，在譯成漢語時(shí)，通常分開來譯成兩個(gè)句子。而限定性定語從句，主句和從句的關(guān)系密切，其間不用逗號(hào)，譯成漢語時(shí)通常都譯成一個(gè)句子。
例如： The engineer whose legs were badly hurt was quickly taken to hospital. （限定性定語從句）腿部受傷的那位工程師很快就被送到了醫(yī)院。
Last week I happened to meet Li Li in the street , who seemed to be very busy. （非限定性定語從句）上星期我碰巧在街上遇到了李立，他似乎很忙。
I’d like to take care of the child whose mother died recently.（限定性定語從句）我想照顧最近母親去世了的那個(gè)孩子。
The child, whose mother died recently, is taken good care of by his teachers. （非限定性定語從句）那個(gè)孩子的母親去世了，他受到了老師們很好的照顧。
⒍To everyone’s surprise, Mr. King refused. 使每個(gè)人感到驚奇的是，金先生拒絕了。
to one’s surprise / to the surprise of sb.意思是“使某人驚奇的是”，
例如： To their surprise, they saw not locusts this time, but seagulls. 令他們吃驚的是，他們這次看到的不是蝗蟲，而是海鷗。
To the surprise of the young couple, they found the necklace missing. 使這對(duì)年青夫婦吃驚的是，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)項(xiàng)鏈不見了。
類似的表達(dá)方式還有：to one’s job / to the joy of sb.使某人高興的是
to one’s delight / to the delight of sb. 使某人高興的是，
to one’s sorrow / to the sorrow of sb.使某人悲傷的是，
例如： To the sorrow of the family, the house was completely destroyed by the fire. 使全家人傷心的是，房子被大火全部燒毀了。
�、稶nless you tell me, I shall not be able to help you. 如果你不告訴我，我就不會(huì)幫助你。
unless是從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，作“除非”，“如果不”解，
例如： Don’t come in unless I call you. 如果我不叫你，你就不要進(jìn)來。
You will fail in French unless you work harder. 你要是不再加把勁兒，法語考試就不及格了。
One cannot learn English well unless he works hard. 除非下苦功夫，否則英語是學(xué)不好的。/ 如果不下苦功夫，英語是學(xué)不好的。
�、窧ut I had to lie to the company and pretend to be a man in order to get a job. 但是，為了得到一份工作，我不得不向公司撒謊并裝成一個(gè)男人。
⑴lie是不及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“說謊”，是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，它與lie（躺）是同形而不同意，后者是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。要注意它們之間的區(qū)別，
如：lie（說謊）過去式，過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞分別是lied, lied, lying；lie（躺）過去式，過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞，分別是lay, lain, lying。另外，還有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，lay（置放）過去式，過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞是laid, laid, laying。
⑵pretend是及物動(dòng)詞，作“假裝”解，
例如： She pretended that she was not at home when we rang the doorbell. (=She pretended not to be at home when we rang the doorbell.)我們按門鈴時(shí)，她假裝不在家。
When the teacher came in, they pretended that they were reading English. (=When the teacher came in, they pretended to be reading English.)當(dāng)老師進(jìn)來的時(shí)候，他們假裝正在讀英語。
He pretended to be ill yesterday and did not go to school. 昨天，他裝病，沒有去上學(xué)。
⒐He called at the hospital after work to find out whether Mr. King was better. 下班后，他就來醫(yī)院探望，看看金先生是否好些了。
⑴call at…意思是“訪問（某家，某地）”，call on sb.意思是“訪問，拜訪某人”，
例如： I really don’t want her to call at your house. 我真的不想讓她到你家去拜訪。
Yesterday afternoon I went to call on an old friend of mine. 昨天下午，我去拜訪了我的一位老朋友。
I’ll call at your office next Monday. 下周一，我要到你辦公室去看你。
⑵find out作“搞清楚”，“弄明白”，“了解”，“打聽”解，表示通過研究，調(diào)查，觀察找出原因或秘密等。而find則表示“找到”，“發(fā)現(xiàn)”的意思。
例如： You’d better go and find out when the meeting will begin. 你最好去搞清楚會(huì)議什么時(shí)候開始。
Can you find out his telephone number for me?你能幫我打聽一下他的電話號(hào)碼嗎？
I’ll try my best to find out the truth of it. 我會(huì)盡力弄清楚事實(shí)真相的。
He work up and found himself in hospital. 他醒來發(fā)覺自己在醫(yī)院里。
When we came back ,we found her asleep on the sofa. 我們回來時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)她在沙發(fā)上睡著了。
Have you found the bike that you lost last month? 你已經(jīng)找到上個(gè)月丟的那輛自行車了嗎？
⒑I don’t agree with your decision. 我不同意你的決定。
�、臿gree with… 作“同意”，“贊同”解，通常后邊接人或表示某人的意見，想法，看法，觀點(diǎn)，決定等詞。
例如： I really hope you will agree with me on / about this matter. 關(guān)于這件事，我真的希望你會(huì)同意我的看法。 Do you agree with me / my views on this problem? 你同意你對(duì)這個(gè)問題的看法嗎？ I do not agree with what you said at the meeting yesterday. 我不同意你昨天在會(huì)上所說的那些話。
�、芶gree to sth.作“同意”，“贊成”解，后面通常接表示，“計(jì)劃”，“安排”，“建議”等詞，
例如： I completely agree to your proposal. 我完全同意你的建議。 I don’t think he will agree to this arrangement. 我認(rèn)為，他不會(huì)贊成這個(gè)安排的。
�、莂gree on sth.意思是“對(duì)…取得一致意見”或“達(dá)成共識(shí)”，
例如： We all agree on an early start tomorrow morning. 我們一致贊成明天早上早些動(dòng)身。 They agreed on the date for the next meeting. 他們對(duì)下次會(huì)議的日期達(dá)成一致意見。
�、籗he lied to us because she had to in order to get a job. 她對(duì)我們說了謊話，那是為了得到一份工作不得不這么干的。 句中“…because she had to”的后面省略了“l(fā)ie to us”，以避免重復(fù)。英語中常用不定式符號(hào)to來代替整個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式短語，以避免重復(fù)。
例如： ─Do you want to listen to the concert with me? 你想和我一起去聽音樂會(huì)嗎？ ─Yes, I’ll be glad to. 是的，我很樂意。（和你一起去聽音樂會(huì)） ─Would you like to go and visit the History Museum?你愿意去參觀歷史博物館嗎？ ─Yes, I’d like to. 是的，我很愿意去。
�、糂ut we have never had women working in this part of our company before. 但是我們從前從來就沒有讓婦女在我們公司的這個(gè)部門工作過。 have sb. doing的意思是“使某人作某事”，have是使役性動(dòng)詞，作“使”，“讓”解，這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常表示，“讓某人或等物持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)”，
例如： Don’t have the water running all day long. 不要讓自來水老花花地流。
The two cheats had their lights burning all day and all night. 兩個(gè)騙子讓燈白天黑夜都亮著。
Don’t have him waiting for me at the school gate all morning. 不要讓他整個(gè)上午都在學(xué)校校門口等著我。
In the busiest season, the farmers had the tractors working in the fields day and night. 在繁忙季節(jié)，農(nóng)民讓拖拉機(jī)在地里日夜工作著。
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