英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法:過(guò)去完成時(shí)
1) 概念:表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去
----|-------|-----|---->其構(gòu)成是had +過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成,過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
那時(shí)以前 那時(shí) 現(xiàn)在
2) 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 狀語(yǔ)從句
在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中,發(fā)生在先,用過(guò)去完成時(shí);發(fā)生在后,用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的動(dòng)詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示"原本…,未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3) 過(guò)去完成時(shí)的`時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
典型例題
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把書忘在辦公室"發(fā)生在"去取書"這一過(guò)去的動(dòng)作之前,因此"忘了書"這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的過(guò)去,用過(guò)去完成時(shí),英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法《過(guò)去完成時(shí)》。句中when表示的是時(shí)間的一點(diǎn),表示在"同學(xué)們正忙于……"這一背景下,when所引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。因此
前一句應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
注意: had no … when 還沒(méi)等…… 就……
had no sooner… than 剛…… 就……
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
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