英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)詳細(xì)講解
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(The Past Continuous)主要表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,由be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式加現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。
1.1過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成
肯定句:主語(yǔ)+was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞...
否定句:主語(yǔ)+was/were+not+現(xiàn)在分詞...
疑問(wèn)句:Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞...?
疑問(wèn)代詞/疑問(wèn)副詞+was/were+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞...?
1.1過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句
句型:主語(yǔ)+was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞...
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成方式:
All the pupils were writing their homework in the classroom then.那時(shí),所有的小學(xué)生都在教室里寫作業(yè)。
By the time we got there,it was already getting dark.等我們趕到那里時(shí),天已經(jīng)黑下來(lái)了。
1.3過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句
句型:主語(yǔ)+was/were+not+現(xiàn)在分詞...
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句是在助動(dòng)詞was/were后加not,后接現(xiàn)在分詞:
They were not playing basketball,but playing volleyball.他們不是在打籃球,而是打排球。
1.4過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句
句型:Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞...?
回答方式:Yes,主語(yǔ)+was/were...
No,主語(yǔ)+was/were+not...
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句是將助動(dòng)詞was/were置于主語(yǔ)之前(大寫was/were的.第一個(gè)字母),在句尾加問(wèn)號(hào);這種語(yǔ)序是主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)倒裝語(yǔ)序:
Were you having dinner when they came?—Yes,we were./No,we weren't.他們來(lái)的時(shí)候,你們是否在吃飯?——是的,在吃飯。/不,不在吃飯。
1.5過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)句
句型:疑問(wèn)代詞(主語(yǔ))+was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞...?
疑問(wèn)代詞/疑問(wèn)副詞+was/were+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞...?
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)句是將疑問(wèn)代詞/疑問(wèn)副詞置于助動(dòng)詞was/were之前(was/were的第一個(gè)字母無(wú)需大寫),和一般疑問(wèn)句差不多,在句尾加問(wèn)號(hào);這種語(yǔ)序是主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)倒裝語(yǔ)序。就主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)時(shí),將疑問(wèn)代詞或帶有疑問(wèn)限定詞的名詞詞組置于助動(dòng)詞was/were之前,在句尾加問(wèn)號(hào);這種語(yǔ)序是陳述句語(yǔ)序:
Who was singing last night?—Tom was singing last night.昨晚是誰(shuí)在唱歌?(就主語(yǔ)提問(wèn))——是湯姆。
What was she doing when he called?—She was reading when he called.當(dāng)他來(lái)訪時(shí),她在做什么?——她在看書。(就賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn))
What was that man doing in your room?那個(gè)男人在你房間里做什么?(就賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn))
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成方式的比較:
1.6過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法
1.表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
常和表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)如then(那時(shí)),at this(that)time(在這時(shí)/那時(shí)),yesterday(昨天),last year(去年)等連用。但在不少情況下,沒有表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ),此時(shí)需通過(guò)上下文來(lái)表示:
What were you doing at about 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon?—I was listening to music.昨天下午4點(diǎn)鐘左右你在做什么?——我在聽音樂(lè)。
Jane was working on her homework last night.簡(jiǎn)昨晚在寫作業(yè)。
1.在某事(動(dòng)作)發(fā)生前開始的動(dòng)作
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)經(jīng)常在一個(gè)句子里使用。用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可用于主句,亦可用于從句:
Just as I was leaving the house,the telephone rang.我正要出門,電話鈴響了。(用于從句)
He broke his leg when he was playing football.他踢足球的時(shí)候把腿傷了。(用于從句)
She was reading when he called.他來(lái)訪時(shí),她正在看書。(用于主句)
3.表示同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
While you were writing letters,I was reading a book.你寫信的時(shí)候,我在看書。
While we were having breakfast,John was talking on the tele-phone.我們吃早飯的時(shí)候,約翰在打電話。
4.表示過(guò)去將來(lái)的動(dòng)作
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)亦可表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常用在間接引語(yǔ)中:
She was leaving early the next morning.第二天一早她就要離開此地了。(從過(guò)去某時(shí)間看)
She asked whether he was coming back for lunch.她問(wèn)他晚飯是否回家來(lái)吃。(用于間接引語(yǔ)中)
We were coming to see you,but it rained(so we didn't).我們本預(yù)備來(lái)看你,只是下雨了。
5.表示客氣的詢問(wèn)
用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)比用一般過(guò)去時(shí)更客氣,更不肯定。
I was wondering about it.我對(duì)那事感到疑惑。
I was wondering how to get there quickly/where to spend the weekend.我想知道怎樣才能迅速到達(dá)那里/在何處度周末。
1.7過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性。一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作,即用一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示有過(guò)這件事或比較短暫的動(dòng)作:
He talked to his girlfriend on the phone yesterday.昨天他和女朋友通過(guò)電話。
He was talking to his girlfriend on the phone when I came in.我進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí),他在和女朋友通電話。
It rained yesterday.昨天下過(guò)雨。(不一定是一整天)
今天有關(guān)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全之過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)詳細(xì)講解的內(nèi)容就介紹到這里了。
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