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there be句式中動詞be的變體英語語法
there be句式中動詞be的變體英語語法
there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中be動詞既有“數(shù)”的變化,也有“時”的變化。be動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)必須依主語的變化而變化。單數(shù)is,復(fù)數(shù)are,如:
There is a table in the room. 房間里有一張桌子。
There are some birds in the tree. 樹上有很多鳥。
一、 There be句型的結(jié)構(gòu)
1.There is+單數(shù)可數(shù)+地點狀語
例:There is a ruler on the desk. 書桌上有一把尺。
2.There are+單數(shù)可數(shù)+地點狀語
例:There are four apples on the tree. 樹上有四個蘋果。
There are some flowers in the park. 公園里有許多花。
3.There is + 不可數(shù)名詞+地點狀語
例:There is some water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些水。(水是不可數(shù)名詞,即使有some ,be動詞也是單數(shù))
There be選擇就近原則:
There be句型的就近原則是There be句型中語法項目的重點考點。There be句型中be動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由最挨近的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)決定。
如:There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk.
在本句中盡管有鋼筆、書和鉛筆,但是由于離be動詞最近的一項是單數(shù)a pen,因此,be動詞用單數(shù)is。
二、There be 句型的疑問句及回答
(一)一般疑問句
There be句型的一般疑問句變化是把be動詞調(diào)整到句首,再在句尾加上問號即可,此為“調(diào)整法”。但同時要注意:當(dāng)肯定句中有some時,要將其改為any(否定變化也一樣)?纯聪旅鎯删涫侨绾巍案念^換面”的吧:
There is some water on Mars.(火星上有一些水)→
Is there any water on Mars?(火星上有水嗎?)
There are some fish in the water.(水里有一些魚)→
Are there any fish in the water?(水里有魚嗎?)
。ǘ㏕here be 句型的回答
1.肯定回答為:Yes, there is/are.
2.否定回答為: No, there isn’t/aren’t.
(三)特殊疑問句
提問There be 句型的特殊疑問句形式有以下三種變化:
1.對主語提問:當(dāng)主語是人時,用“Whos+介于短句?”;當(dāng)主語是物時,用“Whats+介詞短句?”。注意:無論原句的主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),對于提問時一般都用be的單數(shù)形式(回答時卻要根據(jù)實際情況來決定)。
如:There are many things over there.(那邊有很多東西)→Whats over there?(那邊是什么?)
There is a little girl in the room.(房間里有個小女孩)→Who is in the room?(誰在房間里?)
2.對地點狀語提問:提問地點當(dāng)然用“Where is/are主語?"啦!例如:
There is a computer on the desk.(桌子上有一臺電腦)→Where is the computer?(電腦在哪里?)
3.對數(shù)量提問;一般有兩種句型結(jié)構(gòu):
How many+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+are there+介詞短語?
How much+不可數(shù)名詞+is there+介詞短語?
例句
1.單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞
肯定句There is an apple on the tree.(樹上有個蘋果)
疑問句 Is there an apple on the tree?(樹上有蘋果嗎?)
肯定回答: Yes, there is. 否定回答: No, there isn’t.
2.復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞
肯定句There are five pens on the desk.(桌上有五只筆)
疑問句Are there five pens on the desk?(桌上有五只鋼筆嗎?)
肯定回答: Yes, there are. 否定回答 No, there aren’t.
3.不可數(shù)名詞
肯定句 There is some water in the cup. (水是不可數(shù)名詞)(杯子里有些水)
否定句 Is there any water in the cup?(杯子里有水嗎?)
肯定回答: Yes, there is. 否定回答: No, there isn’t.
三、There be 句型的否定形式
。ㄒ唬㏕here be 句型的否定:
否定形式只要在be動詞后面加not即可,is not =isn’t are not= aren’t
但要注意的是句中如果出現(xiàn)some則改成any.
1.There is a knife in the kitchen.(廚房里有一把刀)
否定:There is not a knife in the kitchen.(廚房里沒有刀)
2.There are five apples on the tree.(樹上有五個蘋果)
否定:There are not five apples on the tree.(樹上沒有五個蘋果)
3.There is some ink in the bottle. (瓶子里有墨水)
否定:There is not any ink in the bottle. (ink是墨水,不可數(shù)名詞(瓶子里沒有墨水)
4.There are some birds singing in the tree. (樹上有幾只鳥兒在歌唱)
否定:There are not any birds singing in the tree.(樹上沒有鳥兒在歌唱)
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