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英語(yǔ)最重要的基礎(chǔ)句型
基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)是否學(xué)得好，關(guān)系到以后英語(yǔ)進(jìn)階學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)習(xí)效果。以下是小編整理的關(guān)于英語(yǔ)最重要的基礎(chǔ)句型，希望大家認(rèn)真閱讀!
英語(yǔ)最重要的基礎(chǔ)句型1
1. want to do sth 想做某事
I want to go to school.
我想去上學(xué)。
2. want sb to do sth 想讓某人做某事
I want my son to go to school.
我想讓我的兒子去上學(xué)。
3. be different from 與......不同
The weather in Beijing is different from that of Nanjing.
北京的天氣和南京的不同。
4. be the same as 與……相同
His trousers are the same as mine.
他的褲子和我的一樣。
5. be friendly to sb 對(duì)某人友好
Mr. Wang is very friendly to us.
王先生對(duì)我們非常友好。
6. welcome to sp 歡迎來(lái)到某地
Welcome to China.
歡迎來(lái)到中國(guó)。
7. What’s the matter with sb/sth? 某人/某物出什么毛病了?
What’s the matter with your watch?
你的手表怎么了?
8. what to do 做什么
We don’t know what to do next.
我們不知道接下來(lái)要做什么。
9. let sb do sth 讓某人做某事
Let him enter the room.
讓他進(jìn)入房間。
10. let sb not do sth 讓某人不做某事
Let him not stand in the rain.
讓他不要站在雨中。
11. why don’t you do sth? 你怎么不做某事呢?
Why don’t you play football with us?
你怎么不和我們踢足球呢?
12. why not do sth? 怎么不做某事呢?
Why not play football with us?
為什么不和我們踢足球呢?
13. make sb sth 為某人制造某物
My father made me a kite.
我爸爸給我做了一個(gè)風(fēng)箏。
14. make sth for sb 為某人制造某物
My father made a kite for me.
我爸爸給我做了一個(gè)風(fēng)箏。
15. What do you mean by doing sth?你做……是什么意思?
What do you mean by doing that?
你做那件事情是什么意思?
16. like doing sth 喜愛(ài)做某事
Jim likes swimming.
吉姆喜歡游泳。
17. like to do sth 想去做某事
He doesn’t like to swim now.
他現(xiàn)在不想去游泳。
18. feel like doing sth 想要做某事
I feel like eating bananas.
我想要吃香蕉。
19. would like to do sth 想要做某事
Would you like to go rowing with me?
你想要和我一起去劃船嗎?
20. would like sb to do sth 想要某人做某事
I’d like you to stay with me tonight.
我想你今晚和我待在一起。
21. make sb do sth 使某人做某事
His brother often makes him stay in the sun.
他哥哥經(jīng)常讓他曬太陽(yáng)。
22. let sb do sth 讓某人做某事
Let me sing a song for you.
讓我為你唱支歌吧。
23. have sb do sth 使某人做某事
You shouldn’t have the students work so hard.
你不應(yīng)該讓學(xué)生這么努力學(xué)習(xí)。
24. be far from sp 離某地遠(yuǎn)
His school is far from his home.
他的學(xué)校離他家遠(yuǎn)。
25. be near to sp 離某地近
The hospital is near to the post office.
醫(yī)院離郵局很近。
26. be good at sth/doing sth 擅長(zhǎng)某事/做某事
We are good at English.
我們擅長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ)。
They are good at boating.
他們擅長(zhǎng)劃船。
27. It takes sb some time to do sth 做某事花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間
It took me more than a year to learn to draw a beautiful horse in five minutes.
學(xué)會(huì)在五分鐘內(nèi)畫(huà)一匹漂亮的馬花了我一年多的時(shí)間。
28. sb spends some time/money (in )doing sth 某人花一些時(shí)間/錢(qián)做某事
I spent twenty years(in)writing the novel.
我花了20年寫(xiě)這部小說(shuō)。
29. sb spends some time/money on sth 某人花一些時(shí)間/錢(qián)在某事/物上
Jim spent 1000 yuan on the bike.
吉姆花了1000元買(mǎi)這輛自行車(chē)。
30. sth costs sb some money 某物花了某人一些錢(qián)
The bike cost Jim 1000 yuan.
這輛行車(chē)花了吉姆1000元。
31. sb pays some money for sth 某人為某物付了一些錢(qián)
Jim paid 1000 yuan for the bike.
吉姆花了1000元買(mǎi)這輛自行車(chē)。
32. begin/start sth with sth 伴隨......開(kāi)始做某事
The started the meeting with a song.
伴隨著一首歌，我們開(kāi)始了會(huì)議。
33. be going to do sth 打算做某事
We are going to study in Japan.
我們打算去日本學(xué)習(xí)。
34. call A B 叫A B
They called the village Gumtree.
他們叫這個(gè)村莊桉樹(shù)。
35. thank sb for sth/doing sth 感謝某人做某事
Thank you for your help/helping me.
感謝你的幫助。
36. What…for? 為什么?
What do you learn English for?
你為什么學(xué)英語(yǔ)?
37. How/ what about doing sth?做某事怎么樣?
How about going fishing?
去釣魚(yú)怎么樣?
38. S +be+ the+最高級(jí)+of/in短語(yǔ)
Lucy is the tallest in her class.
露西在她班里是最高的。
39. S + be +比較級(jí)+than any other + n
Lucy is taller than any other student in her class.
露西在班里比其他任何一個(gè)學(xué)生都高。
40. have to do sth 不得不/必須做某事
I have to go home now.
我現(xiàn)在必須要回家了。
41. had better do sth 最好做某事
You’d better study English hard.
你最好努力學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。
42. had better not do sth 最好別做某事
You’d better not stay up.
你最好不要熬夜。
43. help sb to do sth 幫助某人做某事
Lucy often helps Lily to wash her clothes.
露西經(jīng)常幫助莉莉她的洗衣服。
44. help sb do st 幫助某人做某事
He usually helps me learn English.
他經(jīng)常幫助我學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。
45. help sb with sth 幫助某人做某事
I sometimes help my mother with the housework.
我有時(shí)幫助我的媽媽做家務(wù)。
46. make it +時(shí)間 把時(shí)間定在......
Let’s make it 8：30.
讓我們把時(shí)間定在8:30吧。
47. take sb to sp 帶某人到某地
Mr. Wang will take us to the Summer Palace next Sunday.
下周日，王先生將帶我們?nèi)ヮU和園。
49. have nothing to do (with sb)與某人沒(méi)有關(guān)系
That has nothing to do with me.
那和我沒(méi)有關(guān)系。
50. 主語(yǔ)+ don’t think + 從句 ......認(rèn)為……不……
I don’t think it will rain tomorrow.
我認(rèn)為明天不會(huì)下雨。
51. It’s + adj + for sb to do sth 做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)怎么樣
It is lucky for you to go to London.
去倫敦對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)是幸運(yùn)的。
52. How + adj/adv + 主+ 謂!......多么…...啊!
How beautiful the flower is!
這朵花多么漂亮啊!
53. what + a/an + adj + [c] + 主+ 謂!
What an beautiful flower it is!
它是多么漂亮的一朵花啊!
54. What + adj+ pl/[u] +主+ 謂!
What bad weather it is today!
今天天氣多么糟糕啊!
55. find it + adj + to do sth 發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事如何
I find it hard to speak English well.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)說(shuō)好英語(yǔ)很難。
56. ask sb for sth 向某人要某物
They often ask me for money.
他們經(jīng)常向我要錢(qián)。
57. need to do sth 需要做某事
You need to study hard.
你需要努力學(xué)習(xí)。
58. need sth 需要某物
I don’t need your money.
我不需要你的'錢(qián)。
59. use sth to do sth 用某物來(lái)做某事
We use pens to write.
我們用鋼筆寫(xiě)字。
60. show sb sth 給某人看某物
Please show me the map.
請(qǐng)給我看看地圖。
61. show sth to sb 把某物給某人看
Please show the map to me.
請(qǐng)把地圖給我看看。
62. pass sb sth 把某物遞給某人
Pass me the cup of tea.
遞給我咖啡。
63. pass sth to sb 把某物遞給某人
Pass the cup of tea to me.
把咖啡遞給我。
64. buy sb sth 為某人買(mǎi)某物
Mother bought me a bike.
媽媽給我買(mǎi)了一輛自行車(chē)。
65. buy sth for sb 為某人買(mǎi)某物
Mother bought a bike for me.
媽媽給我買(mǎi)了一輛自行車(chē)。
66. give sb sth 把某物給某人
Jim gave me an English dictionary.
吉姆給我一本英語(yǔ)字典。
67. give sth to sb 把某物給某人
Jim gave an English dictionary to me.
吉姆給我一本英語(yǔ)字典。
68. get to sp 達(dá)到某地
I got to Beijing on the morning of May 1st.
5月1日早晨我到了北京。
69. arrive at/in sp 達(dá)到某地
I arrived in Beijing on the morning of May 1st.
5月1日早晨我到了北京。
70. reach sp 達(dá)到某地
I reached Beijing on the morning of May 1st.
5月1日早晨我到了北京。
71. hope to do sth 希望某人做某事
I hope to see you soon.
我希望不久見(jiàn)到你。
72. there is sth wrong with sth/sb 某物/某人出毛病了
There is something wrong my car.
我的車(chē)出了毛病。
73. sth is wrong with……某物出毛病了
Something is wrong with my car.
我的車(chē)出了毛病。
74. How do you like sth? 你認(rèn)為……怎么樣?
How do you like Beijing?
你認(rèn)為北京怎么樣?
75. What do you think of sth? 你認(rèn)為……怎么樣?
What do you think of Beijing?
你認(rèn)為北京怎么樣?
76. start doing sth 開(kāi)始做某事
I started learning English in 1983.
我在1983年開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。
77. start to do sth 開(kāi)始做某事
I started to watch TV after finishing my homework.
完成作業(yè)后我開(kāi)始看電視。
78. finish doing sth 完成做某事
I finished cleaning my car just now.
我剛才清洗了我的車(chē)。
79. enjoy doing sth 喜歡做某事
They all enjoy living and working in China.
他們都喜歡在中國(guó)生活和工作。
80. what else… 別的什么
What else do you want to buy?
你還想買(mǎi)別的什么嗎?
81. forget doing sth 忘記做過(guò)某事(已做)
I forgot turning off the lights. Look， it is dark in the room.
我忘記關(guān)過(guò)燈了。看，房間里黑著。
82. forget to do sth 忘了做某事(未做)
I forgot to turn off the lights. Could you go back and shut them off?
我忘記關(guān)燈了。你能回去關(guān)上嗎?
83. remember doing sth 記得做過(guò)某事(已做)
I remembered returning your money. You are so forgetful.
我記得還給你錢(qián)了。你是如此健忘。
84. remember to do sth 記住做某事(未做)
Remember to bring me some money tomorrow.
記得明天給我?guī)б恍╁X(qián)來(lái)。
85. stop to do sth 停下來(lái)去做另一件事
He stopped to talk with Mary when she entered the office.
當(dāng)瑪麗走進(jìn)辦公室時(shí)，他停下來(lái)和她談話。
86. stop doing sth 停止正在做的事
The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.
當(dāng)老師進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候，學(xué)生們停止了談?wù)摗?/p>
87. watch/see/hear sb do sth 觀看/看見(jiàn)/聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某人做了某事
I saw you pick an apple just now.
剛才，我看見(jiàn)你撿起了一個(gè)蘋(píng)果。
88. watch/see/hear sb doing sth 觀看/看見(jiàn)/聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某人在做某事
I saw you playing basketball with your classmates on the playground then.
那時(shí)，我看到你正和你的同學(xué)們?cè)诓賵?chǎng)上踢足球。
89. go on doing sth 繼續(xù)做同一件事
He went on reading after a short rest.
在短暫的休息后，他繼續(xù)讀書(shū)。
90. go on to do sth 繼續(xù)做另一件事
He went on to read after finishing wash the dishes.
在洗完盤(pán)子后，他繼續(xù)閱讀。
91. go on with sth 繼續(xù)某事
He went on with his work after a short rest.
在短暫的休息后，他繼續(xù)他的工作。
92. say hello/goodbye to sb 向某人打招呼/告別
I came to say goodbye to you.
我來(lái)是和你告別的。
93. be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
They are busy planting trees on the hill.
他們正忙著在山上植樹(shù)。
94. be interested in sth 對(duì)某事感興趣
We are all interested in English.
我們都對(duì)英語(yǔ)感興趣。
95. tell sb to do sth 讓某人做某事
Mother told me to go shopping with her.
媽媽讓我和她去購(gòu)物。
96. ask sb to do sth 請(qǐng)某人做某事
Jim ask me to go rowing with him.
吉姆請(qǐng)我和他去劃船。
97. call/ring sb up 給某人打電話
I will call you up tommow.
我明天會(huì)給你打電話。
98. be ready to do sth 準(zhǔn)備好做某事
We are ready to have lunch.
我們準(zhǔn)備好吃午飯。
99. go doing sth 去做某事
Let’s go fishing.
讓我們?nèi)メ烎~(yú)吧。
100. prefer(doing)A to(doing)B 比起(做)B來(lái)更喜歡(做)A
Lucy prefers English to French.
比起法語(yǔ)來(lái)，我更喜歡英語(yǔ)。
I prefer staying at home to going to the cinema.
比起去看電影來(lái)，我更喜歡待在家里。
英語(yǔ)最重要的基礎(chǔ)句型2
1.主—?jiǎng)印a(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)(SVC)。
此種結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞皆是連系動(dòng)詞。連系動(dòng)詞帶有的主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)可以是名詞詞組。形容詞詞組。介詞詞組。非限定動(dòng)詞詞組或名詞性分句等。例如:
The twin are as like as two pears.
She is in good health.
It is getting dark.
The machine is out of order.
2.主—?jiǎng)?SV)結(jié)構(gòu)。
此種結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞一般是不及物動(dòng)詞,在這種句型中,狀語(yǔ)并非是結(jié)構(gòu)上不可或缺的成分。例如:
He lives in Shanghai.
We get up early every day.
The train leaves at eight.
They have been singing for half an hour.
3.主—?jiǎng)印e結(jié)構(gòu)(SVO)。
此種結(jié)構(gòu)中的'動(dòng)詞都是及物動(dòng)詞,這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞后面一般只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ),因此也叫做單賓語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞(monotransitive verb),該句型一般不需狀語(yǔ)成分即可表達(dá)完整思想。例如:
She is reading a novel.
We have realized the importance of English.
They are watching the football match.
He opened the door.
4.主—?jiǎng)印e—賓(SVOO)結(jié)構(gòu)。
此種結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞一般只限于某些雙賓語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞(ditransitive verb),即能跟有間接賓語(yǔ)和直接賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞。例如:
He taught us English last year.
I call him a taxi.
He gave me an English book as a birthday present.
I bought him a novel.
5.主—?jiǎng)印e—補(bǔ)(SVOC)結(jié)構(gòu)。
此種結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞只限于某些能帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞(complex transitive verbs),即只能跟有賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞。例如:
They made him captain of the team.
I find it impossible to finish the task in time.
We find the book very interesting.
We have proved the method very effective.
6.主—?jiǎng)印獱罱Y(jié)構(gòu)(SVA)。
此種結(jié)構(gòu)中的狀語(yǔ)不可缺。例如:
The radio is near his bed.
They are in the classroom.
A number of students are in the library.
The tape recorder is on the desk.
7.主—?jiǎng)印e狀結(jié)構(gòu)(SVOA)。
此種結(jié)構(gòu)中的狀語(yǔ)不可缺。例如:
She put her baby in the cradle.
They watched TV in the drawing room.
He placed the pot on the stove.
They are talking about the film at the meeting.
英語(yǔ)最重要的基礎(chǔ)句型3
一、句型1： Subject (主語(yǔ)) + Verb (謂語(yǔ))
這種句型中的動(dòng)詞大多是不及物動(dòng)詞，所謂不及物動(dòng)詞，就是這種動(dòng)詞后不可以直接接賓語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如：
1) Li Ming works very hard.李明學(xué)習(xí)很努力。
2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午發(fā)生的。
3)Spring is coming.
4) We have lived in the city for ten years.
特別提醒
動(dòng)詞stop 可用作及物動(dòng)詞，也可用作及物動(dòng)詞。不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí), 通常后接動(dòng)詞不定式,表示停下來(lái)的目的'是做另一件事。作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，通常后接動(dòng)名詞,表示停止做這件事。
二、句型2：Subject (主語(yǔ)) + Link. V(系動(dòng)詞) + Predicate(表語(yǔ))
這種句型主要用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)、身份等。其系動(dòng)詞一般可分為下列兩類(lèi)：
(1)表示狀態(tài)。這樣的詞有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如：
1) This kind of food tastes delicious.這種食物吃起來(lái)很可口。
2) He looked worried just now.剛才他看上去有些焦急。
(2)表示變化。這類(lèi)系動(dòng)詞有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。如：
1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天氣變得越來(lái)越暖和。
2) The tree has grown much taller than before.這棵樹(shù)比以前長(zhǎng)得高多了。
三、句型3：Subject(主語(yǔ)) + Verb (謂語(yǔ)) + Object (賓語(yǔ))
這種句型中的動(dòng)詞一般為及物動(dòng)詞, 所謂及物動(dòng)詞，就是這種動(dòng)詞后可以直接接賓語(yǔ)，其賓語(yǔ)通常由名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句等來(lái)充當(dāng)。例：
1) He took his bag and left.(名詞) 他拿著書(shū)包離開(kāi)了。
2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代詞)當(dāng)我遇到困難時(shí)，李雷總能給我?guī)椭?/p>
3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.(不定式)她打算在即將到來(lái)的“五一”外出旅游。
4) I don’t know what I should do next. (從句)我不知道下一步該干什么。
注意：英語(yǔ)中的許多動(dòng)詞既是及物動(dòng)詞，又是不及物動(dòng)詞。
四、句型4： Subject(主語(yǔ))+Verb(謂語(yǔ))+ Indirect object(間接賓語(yǔ))+Direct object (直接賓語(yǔ))
這種句型中，直接賓語(yǔ)為主要賓語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作是對(duì)誰(shuí)做的或?yàn)檎l(shuí)做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名詞來(lái)充當(dāng);間接賓語(yǔ)也被稱(chēng)之為第二賓語(yǔ)，去掉之后，對(duì)整個(gè)句子的影響不大，多由指“人”的名詞或代詞承擔(dān)。引導(dǎo)這類(lèi)雙賓語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如：
1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸給她買(mǎi)了一本詞典作為生日禮物。
2)The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.
老人經(jīng)常給孩子們講述長(zhǎng)征途中那些英雄的故事。 上述句子還可以表達(dá)為：
1)Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.
2)The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.
特別提醒
A. 在此句型中， 通常是間接賓語(yǔ)（人）在前，直接賓語(yǔ)（物）在后，有時(shí)直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)可以對(duì)調(diào)，這時(shí)間接賓語(yǔ)前應(yīng)加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。
e.g. Her mother bought a skirt for
her .
Give the book to me , please .
直接賓語(yǔ)與間接賓語(yǔ)對(duì)調(diào)時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)前加介詞to的動(dòng)詞有：
give(給), tell(告訴) , lend(借給) , sell(賣(mài)), teach(教) , send(寄給), write(寫(xiě)給), show(出示) , return(還給), bring(帶給), pass(遞給), leave(留給), offer(提供), hand(交給)
間接賓語(yǔ)前加介詞for的動(dòng)詞有：
buy(買(mǎi)), choose(選擇), get (弄到), make(做), order(訂購(gòu)), sing (唱歌), do (做), play(演奏)
B. 如果直接賓語(yǔ)為人稱(chēng)代詞那么必須把直接賓放在間接賓語(yǔ)前，且間接賓語(yǔ)前要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。
e.g. I handed it to our teacher .
不能說(shuō)：I handed our teacher it .
C. 此句型變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可分為兩種情況。
e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt .
a. She was bought a skirt by her mother .
b. A skirt was bought for her by her mother.
五、句型5： Subject(主語(yǔ))+Verb (動(dòng)詞)+Object (賓語(yǔ))+Complement(補(bǔ)語(yǔ))
這種句型中的`“賓語(yǔ) + 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)”統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為“復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的主要作用或者是補(bǔ)充、說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)、身份等;或者表示讓賓語(yǔ)去完成的動(dòng)作等。擔(dān)任補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等。如：
1)You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你應(yīng)該讓屋子保持干凈整潔。(形容詞)
2) We made him our monitor.(名詞)我們選他當(dāng)班長(zhǎng)。
3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父親告訴他不要在街上玩。
4)My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(現(xiàn)在分詞)
5) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.(過(guò)去分詞)
● 常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。
● 注意：動(dòng)詞have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不帶to。如：
1) The boss made him do the work all day.老板讓他整天做那項(xiàng)工作。
2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她在隔壁唱了一個(gè)晚上。
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