英語(yǔ)并列連詞與并列結(jié)構(gòu)
在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中,并列連詞是用來連接屬于同一層次并具有相同句法功能的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子。下面小編為大家?guī)碛⒄Z(yǔ)并列連詞與并列結(jié)構(gòu),希望大家!
一、并列連詞的分類與用法
1、表轉(zhuǎn)折的并列連詞
主要有 but(但是), yet(可是), while(而,卻)等。如:
I would have written before but I have been ill. 我本該早寫信的,但我生病了。
I have failed, yet I shall try again. 我失敗了,但我還要嘗試。
You like tennis, while I'd rather read. 你愛打網(wǎng)球,但我愛看書。
2、表選擇的并列連詞
主要 or (或者,還是,否則), either…or…(不是…就是…), neither…or…(既不…也不…), otherwise (要不然)等。如:
Be careful about what you say or you may regret it. 當(dāng)心你講的話,否則你會(huì)后悔的。
Either say you're sorry or else get out! 你要么道歉,要么滾開!
Neither does he smoke nor does he drink. 他既不抽煙也不喝酒。
Seize the chance, otherwise you will regret it. 要抓住機(jī)會(huì),否則你會(huì)后悔的。
注:neither…nor…連接兩個(gè)句子,注意用倒裝語(yǔ)序。
3、表聯(lián)合的并列連詞
主要有 and, not only…but also…(不但…而且…), when(=and just at this time 就在這時(shí))等。如:
Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 他會(huì)得寸進(jìn)尺。
Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不僅他講得更正確,也講得更不費(fèi)勁了。
He was about to go to bed when the telephone rang. 他正要上床睡覺,這時(shí)電話鈴響了起來。
4、表因果的并列連詞
主要有 for(因?yàn)?, so(因此)等。如:
He shook his head, for he thought differently. 他搖了搖頭,因?yàn)樗胁煌敕ā?/p>
He told me to do it, so I did it. 他讓我這樣做,于是我就這樣做了。
并列連詞引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)并列的句子。
二、并列連詞與并列結(jié)構(gòu)
1)and 與or
判斷改錯(cuò):
(錯(cuò)) They sat down and talk about something.
(錯(cuò)) They started to dance and sang.
(錯(cuò)) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there.
(對(duì)) They sat down and talked about something.
(對(duì)) They started to dance and sing.
(對(duì))I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.
解析:
第一句: and 連接兩個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ),所以 talk 應(yīng)改為 talked。
第二句:and 連接兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞不定式,第二個(gè)不定式往往省略to,因此sang 應(yīng)改為 sing。
第三句:and 連接感觀動(dòng)詞saw 后面的用作的'賓補(bǔ)的兩個(gè)并列分詞結(jié)構(gòu),因此whisper應(yīng)改為whispering。
注意:and 還可以和祈使句或名詞詞組連用表示條件。(or也有此用法)
Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance.
= If you make up your mind, you'll get the chance.
One more effort, and you'll succeed.
= If you make one more effort, you'll succeed.
2)both …and兩者都
She plays (both) the piano and the guitar.
3)not only…but (also), as well as不但…而且)
She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar.
注意: not only… but also 關(guān)聯(lián)兩個(gè)分句時(shí),一個(gè)分句因有否定詞not 而必須倒裝。
Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.
4)neithe…nor 意思為"既不……也不……"謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用就近原則,與nor后的詞保持一致。
Neither you nor he is to blame.
三、幾個(gè)特殊并列連詞用法
表示并列關(guān)系的and,or,well,as,not only...but also... 等連詞也有比較活躍的用法。
and
and 作為并列連詞有多重含義,除了可以表示并列關(guān)系外,還可以表示順承、目的、條件、反復(fù)等關(guān)系。
He went to market and bought some vegetables.(表示順承,動(dòng)作的先后發(fā)生)
他到市場(chǎng)買了一些蔬菜。
Come and help me out.(表示目的)
過來幫我一下。
Be careful and you'll make fewer mistakes.(表示條件)
如果仔細(xì),你所犯的錯(cuò)就少。
or 與 either...or...
or表示為“否則”的話,前句一般是祈使句,后句用一般將來時(shí)。在表示選擇關(guān)系時(shí)or 與 either...or... 用法相同,但 either...or...更具強(qiáng)調(diào)性。在多個(gè)對(duì)象進(jìn)行選擇時(shí),可以用A or B or C... , either A or B or C... , neither A or B or C... 。
Either Jim or Jake or Jeff knows about this.
as well as 與not only... but also...
名詞+as well as+名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)前面的名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)前面的名詞而定。not only...but also...連接名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其強(qiáng)調(diào)在后者,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)后面的名詞而定。
China as well as many other countries loves peace.
中國(guó)與世界上的其他許多國(guó)家一樣熱愛和平。
Not only Bill but also his parents want to go traveling by bike.
不僅比爾而且他的父母都想騎自行車去旅游。
[NOTICE]:當(dāng)or,neither...nor...,either...or 等連接主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由or或nor后面的部分而定。
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