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PETS作文論說(shuō)文模板
論說(shuō)文是直接說(shuō)明事理、闡發(fā)見解、宣示主張的文章。它的中心在于“事理”“見解”“主張”，它的表達(dá)方式主要是議論，這些都是和記敘文相區(qū)別的。
(一) 對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)式
(1)給出兩個(gè)對(duì)立的事物或者一個(gè)事物對(duì)立的兩個(gè)方面，要求考生支持一方并進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。 具體表述如下：
TOPIC: Some people like A; others like B. Which one do you prefer -- A or B? Give specific reasons and examples to illustrate your answer.
(2)給出兩個(gè)對(duì)立事物或一個(gè)事物對(duì)立的兩個(gè)方面，要求考生說(shuō)明二者為什么不同或比較它們的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，并給出理由。 具體表述如下：
TOPIC: Some people believe that A while others consider B more appropriate. Give advantages and disadvantages of the two positions and explain which position you support.
對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)式的三種模板：
1.人們往往看到B的明顯優(yōu)點(diǎn)而忽視了它的缺點(diǎn)，同時(shí)A的內(nèi)在優(yōu)勢(shì)沒有被重視。
第一段：To choose A or to choose B is something of a dilemma to the public ause they sometimes are confused by the seemingly good qualities of B while neglect the genuinely good aspects of A.
第二段：[For B, people are often driven to believe that / It is quite easy for common people to CHOOSE B because of the obvious reason that] ____________. (As a proverb says, "Everything has two sides".) Although B does have its seemingly profound advantages, in the meantime [there lie [harmful characteristics/ intrinsic drawbacks] in it such as ____________ / it can be achieved only conditionally because____________] . Some [people/experts] [maintain/warn] that____________. However, it is often overlooked [by the public/most people]. (Therefore we have no complete evidence to suggest that B is always better than A.)
第三段： Unfortunately, the innate quality of A is often underestimated.
或：What is more, if you notice the invisible benefits of CHOOSING A, you can understand A more deeply. Here I would explain a few of the most important reasons for choosing A. 第一點(diǎn)原因。第二點(diǎn)原因。第三點(diǎn)原因。(列舉原因的句式見最后的"通用句型")
第四段：Therefore from what we have discussed, we may safely come to the conclusion that CHOOSING AAA is a rather wise decision.
2.選A還是選B的確是一個(gè)熱門話題，我們來(lái)研究一下，A比B至少有三大優(yōu)勢(shì)：1，2，3。
第一段：There is no denying the fact that ____________(whether it is better to choose A or B) is a popular topic which is much talked about [not only by ____________, but also by ____________/by people across the world/ in a modern society].
或：There is no denying the fact that ____________(whether it is better to choose A or B) is a popular topic which has caused heated debate over a long period of time (because it affects everybody in his or her daily lives).
或：In a modern society, people are always faced with the dilemma of whether to choose A or B. This problem is a much-debated one in that it affects everybody in his or her daily lives.
或：(如果是針對(duì)某一事件的題目，不是什么popular topic)If ____________(it is announced that a new movie theater may be built ____________), I will not be surprised to see ____________ (whether it is better to choose A or B) become a popular topic which is much talked about not only by ____________, but also by ____________. Although it seems that [sometimes we can not tell which one outweigh the other between A and B / they normally coexist peacefully], they deserve some close examination. [If three criteria were taken into account in comparing these two, I would prefer A. / As far as I am concerned, I vote for the latter]. There are no less than three advantages in A as rendered below:
第二段 第一點(diǎn)原因。第二點(diǎn)原因。第三點(diǎn)原因。
第三段 In conclusion, (it must be explained that these three reasons sometimes intertwine to form an organic whole and thus become more persuasive than any one of them.) Only these three reasons are enough to make a person draw the conclusion that ____________ , not to mention there are more.
3.選A還是選B的確是一個(gè)熱門話題，我們來(lái)研究一下，二者各有優(yōu)勢(shì)，不過(guò)我來(lái)選的話，A的優(yōu)點(diǎn)還是比B多。
第一段前兩句同2，第三句
While both the two [methods/choices] may have their advantages and disadvantages, they can be applied under different circumstances. Later on, I will explain my opinion about it.
第二段：[A has the obvious advantage that / One very strong argument for A is that] ____________. But there lies intrinsic harmful characteristic in this method. Some [people/experts] [maintain/warn] that____________ Furthermore, ____________. Therefore we have no complete evidence to suggest that A is always better than B.
第三段：On the other hand, choosing B also has advantages to some extent, For example, ____________. However, once again, it is important to see that under certain circumstances B will____________(disadvantage)
或：Yet there are some people who cast serious doubts on B
或：Although B does have its seemingly profound [advantages/ reason],in the meantime[there lie intrinsic [harmful characteristics/drawbacks] in it such as ________________________ / it can be achieved only conditionally because____________].
第四段：(針對(duì)我個(gè)人的情況又可以說(shuō)出一套理由)But if all these factors are contemplated, [as far as I am concerned / according to my knowledge], the advantages of A carry more weight than those of B because A fits [me/us students] better in two ways: In the first place, ____________, In the second place/secondly,____________Therefore from what we have discussed, we may safely come to the conclusion that choosing A is a rather wise decision.
或：(我個(gè)人的情況說(shuō)不出什么新的理由，只好說(shuō)我覺得A優(yōu)點(diǎn)就是比B多)
It seems very difficult for us to prefer one to another because all of them have their advantages and disadvantages to the extent that it is hard to distinguish. Yet that does not mean that they are all the same to me. Which one I prefer depends on my own experience, life style and [emotional concerns / educational background/____________]. [As far as I am concerned / According to my personality and fondness/ To be frank], I would like to choose A, because there are too many benefits that outnumber its disadvantages not to choose it. B, on the other hand, has advantages no more than its disadvantages.
(二)單一觀點(diǎn)式
兩種形式：
(1)給出一個(gè)論點(diǎn)，此論點(diǎn)不包括兩種事物的比較，要求考生支持或反對(duì)并給出理由。
具體表述如下：
TOPIC: Do you ae or disagree with the following statement? AAA. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.
(2)給出一個(gè)論點(diǎn)，主要是對(duì)兩個(gè)事物進(jìn)行比較的陳述，要求考生支持或反對(duì)并給出理由。
具體表述如下：
TOPIC: A is superior to B. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Use specific reasons to support your point of view.
注：在模板中用A、B表示相比較的兩個(gè)事物，這種形式與對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)式有著很大的相似之處，考生可以進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)慕梃b。
(2)可以使用對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)式的模板。(1)的兩種模板如下：
1.disagree這個(gè)問(wèn)題的確是個(gè)熱門話題，支持的人的理由是____________，但是它的錯(cuò)誤在于____________。
第一段：There is no denying the fact that ____________(if one should ____________ /if ____________ is right) is a hot topic which is much talked about [not only by ____________, but also by ____________ /by people across the world/ in a modern society].
或：There is no denying the fact that ____________(if one should ____________ /if ____________ is right) is a popular topic which has caused heated debate over a long period of time (ause it affects everybody in his or her daily lives).
或：There is no denying the fact that ____________(if one should ____________ /if ____________ is right) is a basic (moral/philosophical) problem that can not be circumvented by anybody,( because the opinion on this problem will determine one’s attitude toward the world and the life).
或：(如果是針對(duì)某一事件的題目，不是什么popular topic)If ____________(it is announced
that a new movie theater may be built ____________), I will not be surprised to see ____________ (whether the plan should be supported or opposed) become a popular topic which is much talked about not only by ____________, but also by ____________. Before rendering my opinion, I think it is important to take a glance at the arguments on both sides.
第二段：People who support AAA usually give (some, even all of) the following reasons. 第一點(diǎn) 原因。第二點(diǎn)原因。第三點(diǎn)原因。
第三段：At the first glance, the opinion saying yes to the above question perhaps sounds reasonable and appealing. Nevertheless, [many people do not think this view can hold water / we can find that it presents us with numerous negative effects along with its benefits.]
或：Although ____________(the opinion in question) does have its seemingly profound [advantages/reasons], in the meantime [there lie intrinsic [harmful characteristics /drawbacks/faults] in [it/this method] such as ____________ / it can be achieved only conditionally because____________].
Some [people/experts] [maintain/warn] that____________. Unfortunately, it is often overlooked by [the public/most people]. (Therefore we have no complete evidence to conclude that the statement is right.) What is more, ____________
第四段：In a word, despite the fact that the argument I disagree does hold a little bit of water, I think that____________
2.Agree或disagree都可以用。這個(gè)問(wèn)題的確是個(gè)熱門話題，乍一看不好說(shuō)，不能倉(cāng)促下結(jié)論，但是我同意/不同意它，至少有3條理由：1，2，3。(下面是按agree寫的，容易改為disagree的模板)
第一段
第一句同1 ，第二句:
At first glance it seems very difficult for us to draw a [definite/quick] conclusion that ____________ is right or wrong, [because it has both advantages and disadvantages / since everything has two sides]. However, after serious considerations we can see that under most circumstances ____________(this approach) [will do more good than harm / is a rather wise viewpoint].
或：As far as I am concerned, I agree with the opinion. However, it is unfair to draw a quick conclusion without serious considerations. There are no less than [three advantages in A/three reasons to agree with the opinion] as rendered below:
第二段 第一點(diǎn)原因。第二點(diǎn)原因。第三點(diǎn)原因。
第三段 In conclusion, (it must be explained that these three reasons sometimes intertwine to form an organic whole and thus become more persuasive than any one of them.) Only these three reasons can make [a person/me] draw the conclusion that _____________ , not to mention there are more.
(三)選擇觀點(diǎn)式
具體表述如下：
TOPIC: In order to do XXX, there are many ways: A, B, C, D. Which do you choose? Give specific reasons and examples to illustrate your answer.
注：在模板中用大寫XXX表示一件事情，A，B，C，D代表做此事所用的不同方法。
1.面對(duì)這么多選擇很難作出抉擇，但是只考慮我個(gè)人的喜好，我選A，選A至少有三條好處：1,2,3。所以我得出結(jié)論A好。當(dāng)然，這僅限于我。
第一段:
With so many choices it seems very difficult for us to prefer one to another ause all of them have their advantages( and disadvantages) to the extent that it is hard to distinguish. Yet that does not mean they are all the same to me. Which one I prefer depends on my own experience, life style and [emotional concerns / educational background/____________]. To be frank, I would prefer A if personal quality is considered as a criterion to choose things. (However, it is unfair to draw a quick conclusion without serious onsiderations.) There are no less than three advantages in A as rendered below:
第二段:
第一點(diǎn)原因。第二點(diǎn)原因。第三點(diǎn)原因。
第三段:
In conclusion, (it must be noted that these three reasons sometimes intertwine to form an organic whole and thus become more persuasive than any one of them.) Only these three reasons can make me draw the conclusion that ______________ , not to mention there are more ([reasons/advantages of A] that can account for my fondness for it). (Anyway, it is confined to me, and different persons can make different choices according to their personality and fondness.)
(四)分析列舉式
具體表述如下：
人們喜歡參觀博物館，分析一下都有什么原因? 你認(rèn)為一個(gè)好鄰居應(yīng)該有哪些品質(zhì)?有人搬到你們城市，你認(rèn)為他會(huì)對(duì)這個(gè)城市有些什么看法?
兩種模板：
1._________的確是一個(gè)值得探討的話題。不同的人有不同的看法，有的認(rèn)為______，有的認(rèn)為____________，還有的認(rèn)為____________我認(rèn)為最重要的一點(diǎn)是____________.
第一段：
There is no denying the fact that (why/how/what) ____________ is a hot topic which is much talked about [not only by ____________, but also by ____________ /by people across the world/ in a modern society].
或：There is no denying the fact that (why/how/what) ____________ is a popular topic which has caused heated debate over a long period of time (because it affects everybody in his or her daily lives).
或：There is no denying the fact that (why/how/what) ____________ is a basic (moral/philosophical) problem that can not be circumvented by anybody,( because the opinion on this problem will determine one’s attitude toward the world and the life).
或：(如果是針對(duì)某一事件的題目，不是什么popular topic)____________(Why people visit museums) is a interesting question that deserves careful investigation not only by_______________(museum managers), but also by ____________(visitors themselves). People with different experience, life style and [emotional concerns / educational background/____________] differ atly in their attitudes toward this [problem /question]. Some people hold the opinion that ____________. Others, [however/on the contrary], maintain that ____________. Still others, convinced by the view that ____________, argue that ____________. According to them,____________. But as far as I am concerned, I consider the [chief reason/ most important quality] is ____________. And here are three reasons that I’d like to point out.
第二段：第一點(diǎn)第二點(diǎn)第三點(diǎn)
第三段：
In a word, ____________(the three points mentioned above) are the main opinions on ____________ hold by [common/most] people. But my idea is that ____________________, and I sincerely believe that it is right.
2.____________的確是一個(gè)值得探討的話題。人們看法比較一致，第一第二第三。我認(rèn)為最重要的一點(diǎn)是____________
第一段:
第一句同1。第二句：
Somewhat surprisingly, people with different experience, life style and [emotional concerns / educational background/____________] share similar attitudes toward this [problem/question]. They usually [give some, even all of the following reasons / consider some, even all of the following points [important/ necessary / desirable /advisable] ].
第二段：
第一點(diǎn)第二點(diǎn)第三點(diǎn)
第三段：In a word, ____________(the three points mentioned above) are the main [reasons /desirable qualities /____________] of ____________. But as far as I am concerned, I consider the [ chief reason/ most important quality] is ____________.
或：In a word, ____________(the three points mentioned above) are the main opinions on ____________ hold by [common/most] people. But in my point of view, ____________ has more advantages than disadvantages under most circumstances.
通用句型：(并不固定在某個(gè)模板中，在每個(gè)模板中都可以用到)
This may explain why ____________/As a consequence____________
It goes without saying that____________
In fact, we can observe easily that in modern society,____________
As a proverb says, "Everything has two sides".
As a proverb says, "Where there is a will there is a way".
As is known to all, "No pains, no gains."
Let’s bring our discussion here to a more present and practical context. In today’s world,____________
I can say that if you have no experiences like these, your life is an inadequate one.
be of great benefit/damage to sb./sth.
The reason of ____________ is not so much ____________ as ____________
People differ greatly in their attitudes towards this problem. Some people hold the opinion that ____________ Others, [ however/on the contrary], maintain that ____________.
It is [urgent/necessary/convenient/desirable/advisable] for sb. to do sth.
have [trouble/a difficult time] [in doing sth./with sth.]
舉例證：It can be given by a (well known/concrete) example that ____________. / In order to see this point clearly, let us to see an example:____________/To illustrate this, there is an example that is very persuasive:____________.
第一點(diǎn)原因：
The main/first reason is that ____________.
First, we can observe easily that in modern society, ...
In the first place
To begin with, (a good roommate should ____________)
第二點(diǎn)原因：
Besides, the further reason why I advocate AAA is that ____________.
[The second/another] reason for [my/people’s] propensity for A is that ____________
[The second/another] desirable quality for a good roommate is that ____________
第三點(diǎn)原因：
Moreover,____________
The third reason, [not the last/however], goes this way: ____________
寫完三條原因還可以再寫：Maybe there are some other reasons( to show____________). But
it is generally believed that the reasons mentioned above are commonly acceptable.
最后意猶未盡或者字?jǐn)?shù)不夠可以加這么一句：
Nevertheless I must admit that people can do well without AAA, but no one can ignore the additional convenience and satisfaction offered by AAA. Such experience will definitely be helpful in one’s later life.
一個(gè)使用了模板的例子：
對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)：
In this modern society, people always confront the dilemma of choosing whether AAA or BBB. This problem is a much debated one in that it affects everybody in his or her daily life. People may prefer one to the other although some may have no opinions about either at all. Before rendering my opinion, I think it is necessary to take a glance at the arguments on both sides.
It is quite rational for average people to choose BBB because of the obvious reason that 原因.The most extreme manifestation of this idea is the fact that 例子.Even so, however, many advantages of BBB over AAA will be obscured by its considerable drawbacks such as 例子.Therefore we have no complete evidence to suggest that BBB is always better than AAA. Moreover, a close scrutiny of the potential benefits of choosing AAA would reveal how flimsy it is to stick to the propensity to BBB over AAA.
There are numerous reasons for my preference for AAA, and I shall here explore only a few of the most important ones. One chief reason is that 原因一.And I can think of no better illustration of the idea than the fact that 例子一. The above is only part of the important aspects, and another one with equal significance with respect to choosing between the two lies in the development of the proposition that 原因二. This well explains the undeniable fact that 例子二. Besides, a further reason why I advocate AAA is that 原因三.This may explain why 例子三.
Last but not least, there is also a more practical reason why I would choose AAA, that is 原因四.
All in all, taking into account all these merits that AAA boasts of, we may safely arrive at the conclusion that the advantages of AAA outweigh any benefit we can get from BBB and choosing AAA is a rather wise decision.
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