2016托業(yè)考試閱讀資料：簡·奧斯汀

　　簡·奧斯汀(Jane Austen，1775年12月16日-1817年7月18日)是英國聞名女性小說家，她的作品首要關(guān)注鄉(xiāng)紳家庭女性的婚姻和糊口，以女性特有的詳盡入微的不雅察看力和活躍滑稽的文字真實地描畫了她四周世界的小****。

　　Jane Austen (1775-1817) is one of the most famous of all English novelists, and today her novels are more popular than ever, with several recently adapted as Hollywood movies. But we do not have many records of what she looked like. For a long time, the only accepted image of Austen was an amateur sketch of an adult Austen made by her sister Cassandra. However, recently a professionally painted, full-length portrait of a teenage girl owned by a member of the Austen family has come up for sale. Although the professional painting is not titled Jane Austen, there are good reasons to believe she is the subject.

　　簡·奧斯汀是最有名的英國小說家之一。時至今日，她的作品變得更受接待了，稀有部被好萊塢改編成片子了�？墒菍τ谒�的長相卻沒有太多的記實。很長一段時刻以來，獨一被認(rèn)可的奧斯汀的畫像是她妹妹卡桑德拉畫的。可是這幅成年奧斯汀素描并不是出自于專業(yè)畫家。然而，比來一副奧斯汀家族成員持有的畫像想要出售。這幅出自專業(yè)畫家之手的全身畫像膳縵沔是一個少女奧斯汀。盡管這幅專業(yè)畫作上并沒有寫有簡·奧斯汀，可是我們?nèi)允怯凶銐虻睦碛上嘈女嬌系娜司褪撬��?/p>

　　First, in 1882, several decades after Austen’s death, Austen’s family gave permission to use the portrait as an illustration in an edition of her letters. Austen’s family clearly recognized it as a portrait of the author. So, for over a century now, the Austen family itself has endorsed the claim that the girl in the portrait is Jane Austen.

　　首先，在1882年，在奧斯汀棄世幾十年后，奧斯汀家族曾經(jīng)授權(quán)這幅畫作為她出書的手札集上本人畫像。奧斯汀家族當(dāng)然能夠確認(rèn)脹均畫就是作者。所以，一個多世紀(jì)曩昔了，奧斯汀家族仍是為這幅畫背書，認(rèn)為這個女孩就是簡·奧斯汀本人。

　　Second, the face in the portrait clearly resembles the one in Cassandra’s sketch, which we know depicts Austen. Though somewhat amateurish, the sketch communicates definite details about Austen’s face. Even though the Cassandra sketch is of an adult Jane Austen, the features are still similar to those of the teenage girl in the painting. The eyebrows, nose, mouth, and overall shape of the face are very much like those in the full-length portrait.

　　第二，這幅畫上人物的面龐和卡桑德拉畫的那幅畫很相似，而卡桑德拉的畫作上的人物確定是奧斯汀。盡管卡桑德拉的畫作略顯業(yè)余，可是仍是很好地描畫了奧斯汀面部的細節(jié)的。盡管卡桑德拉的畫描畫的是成年簡·奧斯汀，可是面部細節(jié)仍是同這幅畫上少女奧斯汀很是相似的。眉毛、鼻子、嘴和整個輪廓都跟這幅全身畫作很是相似。

　　Third, although the painting is unsigned and undated, there is evidence that it was painted when Austen was a teenager. The style links it to Ozias Humphrey, a society portrait painter who was the kind of professional the wealthy Austen family would hire. Humphrey was active in the late 1780s and early 1790s, exactly the period when Jane Austen was the age of the girl in the painting.

　　第三，機關(guān)這幅畫沒有簽名也沒有日期，可是確信這幅畫的繪制時刻是奧斯汀少女時代。這幅畫從氣概上看是奧扎厄斯·漢弗里的作品。他是一個專門受雇于奧斯汀這樣富有家族的上流社會肖像畫家。漢弗里活躍時代是1780末到170歲首，而這個時代剛好恰是簡·奧斯汀十幾歲的時代。

　　閱讀部門需要提取的不雅概念是：

　　- Main point: 有一副畫膳縵沔的人物是簡·奧斯汀

　　- Sub point 1: 這幅畫獲得了奧斯汀家族的認(rèn)可

　　- Sub point 2: 面龐同簡·奧斯汀的另一幅畫很像

　　- Sub point 3: 氣概上看是奧扎厄斯·漢弗里的作品，此人活躍時代簡·奧斯汀的春秋同畫作相符

　　聽力材料：

　　The evidence linking this portrait to Jane Austen is not at all convincing. Sure, the painting has long been somewhat loosely connected to Austen’s extended family and their descendents, but this hardly proves it’s a portrait of Jane Austen as a teenager. The reading’s arguments that the portrait is of Austen are questionable at best.

　　所有證實這幅畫上人物是簡·奧斯汀的證據(jù)都是不足信的。當(dāng)然，這幅畫持久以來同奧斯汀家族極其兒女連結(jié)著某種意義上的聯(lián)系�？墒�，這都不足以證實畫中問人是少女簡·奧斯汀。

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