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托福閱讀考試長難句考試技巧
長難句,顧名思義,就是又長又難的句子,很多考生都對長難句感到頭疼,那么我們應(yīng)該怎樣去攻克長難句呢?下面,就讓小編來和大家說說吧,希望能夠給大家?guī)椭?/p>
一、先搞定語法
長難句之所以難,其實是難在語法。一個長難句中一般都會包含好多語法,語法雖然難懂,但好在有固定的規(guī)則和門道,只要你掌握了這些規(guī)則和門道,你就會猶如神助。
首先要熟悉詞性的分類,比如名詞,動詞,形容詞和副詞;
然后知道句子成分,比如定語、狀語、補語等的用法、呈現(xiàn)形式;
最后了解基本的從句,比如狀語從句、定語從句、賓語從句。
二、分清主次順序
分清主次順序
同學們在做閱讀理解的時候一定要有一套自己的做題思路,這種做題思路就需要同學們在大量的做題后總結(jié)出來一套適合自己的。不知從何下手,可參考下面5個步驟的做題思路哦。
第一步,找準主干。一個句子只能有一個主干(主語+謂語),哪怕結(jié)構(gòu)再復(fù)雜,先把主干找出來,這樣句子的意思是完整的,其他的成分像大樹的枝椏,是對主干的修飾,使句子意思更飽滿、表達更完整,在分析其他成分時候要注意考慮各個成分與主干的關(guān)系。利用這種找出主干、化繁為簡的原則解決難題。
第二步,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。在找到句子主干之后,同學們要把句中的修飾成分和修飾的對象都找出來,整理清楚。
第三步,逐句翻譯。因為句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,包含多層意思,很難直接完整地譯出來,所以可以先把修飾部分單獨翻譯,譯成幾個分句。
第四步,把譯好的分句連綴起來,順序可稍加調(diào)整,使之符合漢語表達習慣,通順流暢。
第五步,在通過自己翻譯長難句做完題目之后,建議同學們把參考答案拿出來,一般答案里面都會有閱讀的原文翻譯,在這里把自己的翻譯和參考的翻譯進行對比,看看自己哪里還需要進一步完善,爭取在下次避免這種情況的發(fā)生。
例題講解:
The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be _____ to explain or describe in a way that can be understood by his listeners. (1994年)
A obscure B difficult C impossible D unable
首先找主干,先找謂語動詞:是may be 還是can be,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)can be前that,同學們很容易找到,是may be;接下來它的主語是誰呢?是vocabulary嗎?仔細看這是一個介詞詞組in his working vocabulary,繼續(xù)往前看,這個介詞詞組藏在who引導(dǎo)的從句里,而這個who引導(dǎo)的從句修飾的是speaker。終于找到了,原來主干是The speaker may be _____ to explain……這四個選項選哪個?同學們喜歡選不認識的單詞A obscure,而意思是晦澀的,難懂的,能用來說人嗎?似乎不行。B difficult C impossible 行不?也不行,它們的主語只能是物,所以應(yīng)該是D unable。
延伸閱讀:托福閱讀考試長難句的20個例子
1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.
美洲羚羊,或稱叉角羚,是該大陸典型的草原動物。
2. Of the millions who saw Haley‘s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century?
1986年看見哈雷彗星的千百萬人當中,有多少人能夠長壽到足以目睹它在二十一世紀的回歸呢?
3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.
人類學家們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn),恐懼,快樂,悲傷和驚奇都會行之于色,這在全人類是共通的。
4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.
由于苯酚對人體帶有刺激性作用,它基本上已不再被當作常用的防腐劑了。
5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.
任何盈利組織若要生存,最終都必須生產(chǎn)出消費者可用或需要的產(chǎn)品。
6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.
一個地方的人口越多,其對水,交通和垃圾處理的需求就會越大。
7. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one‘s meaning.
簡明,直接,有力的寫作難于花哨,含混而意義模糊的表達。
8. With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.
隨著現(xiàn)代辦公室的日益自動化,設(shè)計師們正試圖利用較為溫暖而不太嚴肅的內(nèi)部裝飾來使其具有親切感。
9. The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.
誹謗和流言的區(qū)別在于前者是書面的,而后者是口頭的。
10. The knee is the jointswheresthe thighbone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
膝蓋是大腿骨和小腿脛的連接處。
11. Acids are chemical compounds that, in water solution, have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.
酸是一種化合物,它在溶于水時具有強烈的氣味和對金屬的腐蝕性,并且能夠使某些藍色植物染料變紅。
12. Billie Holiday‘s reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs.
Billie Holiday’s
作為一個爵士布魯斯樂杰出歌手的名聲建立在能夠賦予歌曲感情深度的能力。
13. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.
理論在本質(zhì)上是對認識了的現(xiàn)實的一種抽象和符號化的表達。
14. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises.
兒童在能說或能聽懂語言之前,很久就會通過面部表情和靠發(fā)出噪聲來與人交流了。
15. Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas swheres once nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live.
受當代灌溉(技術(shù)設(shè)施)之賜,農(nóng)作物在原來只有仙人掌和蕎屬科植物才能生存的地方旺盛的生長。
16. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them.
機械計時器的發(fā)展促使人們尋求更精確的日晷,以便校準機械計時器。
17. Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.
人類學是一門科學,因為人類學家采用一整套強有力的方法和技術(shù)來記錄觀測結(jié)果,而這樣記錄下來的觀測結(jié)果是供他人核查的。
18. Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and decomposes animal debris.
真菌在腐化過程中十分重要,而腐化過程將化學物質(zhì)回饋于土壤,提高其肥力,并分解動物糞便。
19. When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time.
音叉被敲擊時,產(chǎn)生幾乎純質(zhì)的音調(diào),其音量經(jīng)久不衰。
20. Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois.
雖然美洲山河桃樹最集中于美國的東南部但是在北至俄亥俄州及伊利諾州也能看見它們。
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