托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句解析

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　　長(zhǎng)難句解析一

　　In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet itspurpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them——evenwhile building materials have changed dramatically.(44)

　　大家先自己理解，多想想，先別看解析，看不明白，再看下面的解析。

　　(In order for the structure) (to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose), architecture employs methods of support that, (because they are based on physical laws), have changed little since people first discovered them—— (even while building materials have changed dramatically. )

　　老邪分析：一個(gè)句子重點(diǎn)在于主干，看懂了主干，就看懂了句子的主要成分。以下主干為句子中紅色部分，括號(hào)里均是修飾成分。

　　修飾一：(In order for the structure)，介詞短語(yǔ)

　　修飾二：(to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose)，非謂語(yǔ)做形容詞性修飾structure

　　修飾三：(because they are based on physical laws)，插入語(yǔ)，插入語(yǔ)記得先跳過(guò)去，斷句別出問(wèn)題，that和have changed是在一起的。

　　(老師，啥叫插入語(yǔ)?嗯，好問(wèn)題，改天我專(zhuān)門(mén)講講這些概念。上過(guò)課并認(rèn)真聽(tīng)的同學(xué)，你懂的。)

　　修飾四：(that have changed little sincepeople first discovered them.從句修飾support

　　修飾五：(even while building materials have changed dramatically. )，從句

　　括號(hào)外面的是主干：architectureemploys methods of support，注意support這里是名詞。

　　長(zhǎng)難句解析二

　　Fuller devised a type of dance that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore, which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms, sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes. (44, OG)

　　voluminous/və'lʊmənəs/adj.(指衣物)用料多的, 寬松的, 肥大的;

　　drapery/'drepəri/n.布料

　　wand/wɑnd/ n. 棍; 棒; 杖; (尤指小仙子或魔術(shù)師用的)魔杖

　　costume/'kɑstum/ n. 服裝, 服裝式樣

　　Fuller devised a type of dance (that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore), (which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms), (sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes).

　　分析：

　　修飾一：(that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore)，從句，修飾dance，大家注意skirts or draperies (she wore)這里還有一個(gè)從句哦。

　　中文：專(zhuān)注于燈光的變換和她所穿寬松的裙子或布料顏色

　　修飾二：(which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms)，從句，修飾前面skirts or draperies，其實(shí)是keep skirts or draperies inconstant motion…

　　中文：她主要通過(guò)手臂的移動(dòng)使裙子或布料保持連續(xù)的移動(dòng)

　　修飾三：(sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，修飾arms。主要這里with wands (concealed under her costumes)中concealed under her costumes修飾wands

　　中文：有時(shí)候手臂由于隱藏在衣服下面的手杖而變長(zhǎng)

　　主干：括號(hào)外面的，F(xiàn)ullerdevised a type of dance

　　參考翻譯：Fuller設(shè)計(jì)了一種(專(zhuān)注于燈光的變換和她所穿寬松的裙子或布料顏色)的舞蹈，在舞蹈中，她主要通過(guò)手臂的移動(dòng)使裙子或布料保持連續(xù)的移動(dòng)，有時(shí)候手臂由于隱藏在衣服下面的手杖而變長(zhǎng)。

　　長(zhǎng)難句解析三

　　Her dancing also attracted the attention of French poets and painters of the period, for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their belief in art for art’s sake, a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benefit, and their efforts to synthesize form and content. (57, OG)

　　appeal v.懇求，呼吁;(對(duì)某人)有吸引力~to sb; (使某人)感興趣;上訴

　　for one’s sake為了…的緣故

　　synthesize/ˈsɪnθɪˌsaɪz/v. 合成，綜合

　　這里是分界線，先自己分析哦。

　　Her dancing also attracted the attention (of French poets and painters) (of the period), (for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their belief in art for art’s sake, (a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benefit),and their efforts to synthesize form and content.)

　　老邪分析：

　　修飾一：(of French poets and painters)，介詞短語(yǔ)，修飾the attention。大家注意英文喜歡把修飾成分放在后面，這個(gè)很重要。

　　中文：法國(guó)詩(shī)人和花季。

　　修飾二：(of the period) ，介詞短語(yǔ)，修飾French poets and painters，也是放在后面哦。

　　修飾三：(a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benefit)，同位語(yǔ)，用來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明前面的belief，這個(gè)同位語(yǔ)語(yǔ)放在這里分割了原句，大家斷句的時(shí)候要注意。

　　中文：一個(gè)19世紀(jì)的思想：藝術(shù)本身比它所帶來(lái)的道德或教育利益更有價(jià)值。

　　修飾四：(for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their belief in art for art’s sake , and their efforts to synthesize formand content.)，從句，表示原因，大家注意我把同位語(yǔ)去掉了(因?yàn)椴恢匾?，這樣更能看清重要內(nèi)容。這里有一個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)，是一個(gè)A, B, and C結(jié)構(gòu)，不知道大家在看的時(shí)候有沒(méi)有看出來(lái)，A= their liking for mystery，B= their belief in art for art’ssake，C= their efforts to synthesize form and content，插入語(yǔ)解釋B。

　　中文：因?yàn)樗�吸引了他們�?duì)于神秘的喜好、他們?yōu)樗囆g(shù)而藝術(shù)的信仰以及他們把形式和內(nèi)容融合到一起所作的努力

　　主干：括號(hào)外面的，Her dancing also attracted the attention

　　參考翻譯：

　　她的舞蹈還吸引了當(dāng)時(shí)法國(guó)一些詩(shī)人和畫(huà)家的注意，因?yàn)樗�吸引了他們�?duì)于神秘的喜好、他們?yōu)樗囆g(shù)而藝術(shù)的信仰(這是一個(gè)19世紀(jì)的思想：藝術(shù)本身比它所帶來(lái)的道德或教育利益更有價(jià)值)以及他們把形式和內(nèi)容融合到一起所作的努力。

　　長(zhǎng)難句解析四

　　he ice shelf cores, with a total length of 215 meters (705 feet), were long enough to penetrate through glacial ice—which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles—and to continue into the clear, bubble-free ice formed from seawater that freezes onto the bottom of the glacial ice. (53, OG)

　　penetrate /'penɪtreɪt/ v. 進(jìn)入或穿過(guò)某物;充滿，遍布

　　compact /kəm'pækt/ v. 將(某物)緊壓在一起

　　我是分界線，先自己分析哦。

　　The ice shelf cores, (with a total length of 215 meters(705 feet)),were long enough (to penetrate through glacial ice)—(which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles)—and (to continue into the clear, bubble-free ice) (formed from seawater)(tha tfreezes onto the bottom of the glacial ice. )

　　分析：

　　大家可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，我把句子拆短了之后，就容易理解多了。請(qǐng)大家仔細(xì)看我的分析。

　　修飾一： (with a total length of 215 meters(705 feet))，介詞短語(yǔ)，修飾the iceshelf cores，修飾成分一般放后面哦

　　中文：總長(zhǎng)為215米(705英尺)

　　修飾二：(to penetrate through glacial ice)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

　　中文：穿透冰川冰

　　修飾三：(which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles)，從句，修飾glacial ice，修飾成分一般放后面哦

　　中文：由壓縮的雪形成的并包含氣泡

　　修飾四：(to continue into the clear,bubble-free ice)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

　　中文：繼續(xù)進(jìn)入清澈的、沒(méi)有氣泡的冰

　　修飾五：(formed from seawater) ，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，修飾the clear, bubble-free ice

　　中文：由海水形成

　　修飾六：(that freezes onto the bottom ofthe glacial ice.) ，從句，修飾seawater

　　中文：凝固在冰川冰底部

　　主干：括號(hào)外面的，The iceshelf cores were long enough，主和謂語(yǔ)中間被解詞短語(yǔ)with a total length of 215 meters (705 feet)隔開(kāi)了，大家要注意

　　參考翻譯：

　　總長(zhǎng)為215米(705英尺)的冰架核已足以穿透(由壓縮的雪形成的并包含氣泡)的冰川冰，隨后穿透清澈的、沒(méi)有氣泡的冰，這些冰是由凝固在冰川冰底部的海水形成的。

　　長(zhǎng)難句解析五

　　Contrary to the arguments of some that much of the pacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift, it seems reasonable that this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals. (46, TPO5)

　　maroon /mə'ruːn/ v. 放逐到無(wú)人島上，使孤立

　　adrift /ə'drɪft/ adj. 漂流的，漂泊的

　　feat /fiːt/ n. 功績(jī)，偉業(yè)

　　deliberate /dɪ'lɪbərət/ adj. 故意的，刻意的

　　set out 從某地出發(fā)

　　stock v. 貯備，貯存

　　domesticate /də'mɛstɪket/ v. 馴養(yǎng)(動(dòng)物等)

　　我是分界線，先自己分析哦。

　　Contrary to the arguments of some (that much of the pacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift), it seems reasonable (that this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions (that set out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals. ) )

　　分析：

　　修飾一：(that much of thepacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift)，從句，修飾arguments

　　中文：波利尼西亞人是在偶爾迷失和漂流被困住而定居在大部分太平洋地區(qū)

　　修飾二：在上一個(gè)從句里還有一個(gè)省略的從句(after being lost and adrift) =(after Polynesians were lost and adrift)

　　修飾三：(that set outfully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals. )，從句，修飾expeditions，注意這里(fully stocked with food and domesticated plants andanimals. )，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞修飾set out

　　中文：出發(fā)時(shí)充分貯存了食物和被馴化動(dòng)植物

　　主干：大家注意，(that this feat wasaccomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stockedwith food and domesticated plants and animals.)， it seems reasonable中的 it指代這個(gè)從句，真正的主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)從句

　　參考翻譯：

　　和某些人的觀點(diǎn)相反，這些觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為波利尼西亞人是在偶爾迷失和漂流被困住而定居在大部分太平洋地區(qū)，另外一種觀點(diǎn)似乎更加合理，認(rèn)為這些功績(jī)是通過(guò)故意的并且出發(fā)時(shí)充分貯存了食物和被馴化動(dòng)植物的殖民探險(xiǎn)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。

　　長(zhǎng)難句解析六

　　For example, people who believe that aggression is necessary and justified--as during wartime--are likely to act aggressively, whereas people who believe that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust, or who think that aggression is never justified, are less likely to behave aggressively. (45, OG)

　　aggression n. 侵略

　　justified adj. 合理的，正當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

　　unjust adj. 不公正的，不公平的

　　我是分界線，先自己分析哦。

　　For example, people (who believe that aggression is necessary and justified--as during wartime--) are likely to act aggressively, whereas people (who believe that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust), or (who think that aggression is never justified), are less likely to behave aggressively.

　　分析：

　　修飾一：(who believe that aggression is necessary and justified--as during wartime--)，從句，修飾people，注意里面還有一個(gè)從句(that aggression is necessary and justified)

　　中文：相信侵略是必要的合理的(諸如戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期)

　　修飾二：(who believe that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust) ，從句，修飾people，注意里面還有一個(gè)從句(that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust)

　　中文：相信一場(chǎng)特別的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)或侵略行為是不公正的人們

　　修飾三：(who think that aggression isnever justified)，從句，修飾people，

　　中文：認(rèn)為侵略從來(lái)不是合理的人們

　　主干部分：表示對(duì)比的句子：people are likely to act aggressively whereas people are less likely to behave aggressively.

　　參考翻譯：

　　例如，相信侵略是必要的合理的(諸如戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期)的人們就有可能行為有侵略性;然而，相信一場(chǎng)特別的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)或侵略行為是不公正的，或者，認(rèn)為侵略從來(lái)不是合理的人們，就少有可能行為有侵略性。

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