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托�？荚囋~匯語(yǔ)法練習(xí)題
引導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生培訓(xùn)網(wǎng)整理了托福考試詞匯語(yǔ)法練習(xí)題，希望能夠幫助到大家。
練習(xí)題一
1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body.
A. in disease
B. that disease
C. of disease
D. about disease
答案：B
分析：動(dòng)詞believe 的用法：直接加that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。這里that為連接adv.，在句中不作任何成分，其后接完整句。
參考譯文：大多數(shù)殖民時(shí)期的醫(yī)生認(rèn)為疾病來(lái)源人體內(nèi)不平衡的體液。
2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.
A. she was the first woman to conduct
B. the first woman conductor
C. the woman was first conducting
D. the woman conducts first
答案：B
分析：缺賓語(yǔ)，答案中只有B，D可以作賓語(yǔ)，但D的語(yǔ)序不對(duì)。
參考譯文：1976，Sarah Caldwell成為在第一個(gè)在紐約Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家。
補(bǔ)充： �？� the first/second/… one to do sth
3. On January 7， 1955， Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City's Metropolitan Opera House.
A. the first African American
B. the first African American was
C. she was the first African American
D. when the first African American
答案：A
分析：缺賓語(yǔ)，C， D都不能作賓語(yǔ)。一句話中只能有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，而B中有was，句中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，一定錯(cuò)。
參考譯文：1955年1月7號(hào)，Marian Anderson成為在第一個(gè)在紐約Metropolitan Opera House擔(dān)任主唱的美籍黑人。
4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States， _________ when massive highway-building programs permitted greater suburban growth.
A. and accelerated a phenomenon
B. a phenomenon that accelerated
C. accelerating a phenomenon which，
D. the acceleration of which phenomenon
答案：B
分析：考的是同位語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，a phenomenon是 the decentralization of cities throughout the United States 的同位語(yǔ)。A中and為conj.，后面應(yīng)該連接一個(gè)完整的句子，但缺主語(yǔ)，錯(cuò);C中語(yǔ)序混亂，錯(cuò); D中of which作為介詞賓語(yǔ)，后面應(yīng)該接一個(gè)完整句，但只有一個(gè)phenomenon主語(yǔ)，句子不完整，錯(cuò)。
參考譯文：可能戰(zhàn)后最重大的趨勢(shì)就是美國(guó)城市的分散化，當(dāng)大規(guī)模高速公路建設(shè)項(xiàng)目容許了更大程度的發(fā)展郊區(qū)，這個(gè)現(xiàn)象更被促進(jìn)了。
補(bǔ)充： accelerate/ accomplish/ achieve/ evolve都可以是vi.不接賓語(yǔ)
5. Ronald Reagan had served two terms as governor of California before _________ President.
A. he became
B. when becoming
C. became
D. did he become
答案：A
分析：before為狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞conj，后面一般引導(dǎo)一個(gè)完整的句子。B同時(shí)出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞，錯(cuò);C缺主語(yǔ);D應(yīng)該為正常語(yǔ)序，選項(xiàng)中使用了倒裝句式，錯(cuò)。
參考譯文：里根在成為美國(guó)總統(tǒng)之前連續(xù)兩屆擔(dān)任加州的州長(zhǎng)。
練習(xí)題二
1. _________， domesticated grapes grow in clusters， range in color from pale green to black， and contain sugar in varying quantities.
A. Their botanical classification as berries
B. Although their botanical classification as berries
C. Because berries being their botanical classification
D. Classified botanically as berries
答案：D
分析：句子的主語(yǔ)是grapes ， 后面是平行結(jié)構(gòu)grow…， range…， and contain…�？崭窈蟮木渥右淹暾�，那么空格處就應(yīng)該是同位語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)從句，分詞等修飾成分。A中Their指代不明，而且classification和berries也不相符，錯(cuò);B中Although為conj.，后面應(yīng)該是完整句，錯(cuò);C中Because為conj.，后面應(yīng)該是完整句，錯(cuò)。
參考譯文：培植的葡萄的植物分類跟漿果是一樣的，它們成串的長(zhǎng)在樹上，顏色從灰白色到黑色，并且包含由不同數(shù)量的糖份。
2. The cymbal is ________ in the military band and is also frequently used in modern orchestral music.
A. a basic instrument
B. basic instrument
C. how basic an instrument it is
D. as an instrument is basic
答案：A
分析：instrument可數(shù)，前面應(yīng)該有限定詞a.and前為一簡(jiǎn)單句。
參考譯文：鐃鈸在軍樂(lè)隊(duì)里是一個(gè)基本的樂(lè)器，而且還經(jīng)常在現(xiàn)代管弦樂(lè)里使用。
3. In instrumentalist philosophy， ideas and knowledge are exclusively functional processes： they are of significance only _________ instrumental in the development of experience.
A. as they are
B. are they
C. there are
D. are
答案：A
分析：兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)需要有一個(gè)conj.來(lái)連接。一個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)2個(gè)謂語(yǔ)且沒(méi)有連接詞就一定錯(cuò)。
參考譯文：在樂(lè)器演奏家的哲學(xué)里面，思想和知識(shí)是專有排外性的功能性的過(guò)程。他們的重要意義僅限于在經(jīng)驗(yàn)發(fā)展的過(guò)程中，用于樂(lè)器演奏。
4. _________ either by cooling or by depriving the fire of oxygen， and most do both.
A. Working fire extinguishers
B. Fire extinguishers that work
C. Fire extinguishers work
D. The work of fire extinguishers
答案：C
分析：空格中缺主謂。A中沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ);B中that多余，因?yàn)榫渲兄挥幸粋�(gè)謂語(yǔ);D也沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)。
參考譯文：滅火器的通過(guò)冷卻或者減少火中的氧氣的方法工作的，大多數(shù)時(shí)候兩個(gè)方法都會(huì)用到。
5. The introduction of mass-production methods enabled many people _________ and gave them an unprecedented amount of mobility.
A. to purchase their own automobiles
B. their own to purchase automobiles
C. to their own purchase automobiles
D. own their automobiles to purchase
答案：A
分析：為固定結(jié)構(gòu)enable sb to do sth.
參考譯文：規(guī)模生產(chǎn)方法的產(chǎn)生，使得人們能夠買自己的車，并獲得了空前的靈活性。
練習(xí)題三
1. Frances Perkins， _________ of the United States cabinet， served in the cabinet as secretary of labor from 1933 to 1945.
A. the first female member
B. was the first female member
C. the first female member who
D. of whom the first female member
答案：A
分析：主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。B中多了一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)was，因?yàn)楹竺嬉呀?jīng)有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞served， 一個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)2個(gè)謂語(yǔ)且沒(méi)有連接詞就一定錯(cuò); C中who多余，用法也不正確;D中of whom多余，不是定語(yǔ)從句，考的是同位語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。
參考譯文：Frances Perkins，是美國(guó)內(nèi)閣的第一為女性成員，她從1933到1945年在內(nèi)閣擔(dān)任勞工部秘書。
2. When _________ to dough and heated， carbon dioxide is released， causing the dough to rise.
A. is added baking powder
B. added baking powder is
C. is baking powder added
D. baking powder is added
答案：D
分析：When為狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞;語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該為正常語(yǔ)序，A，C錯(cuò);B語(yǔ)序混亂，明顯應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)形式，而且有固定結(jié)構(gòu)add to.
參考譯文：當(dāng)把烘烤用粉加到面團(tuán)里加熱的時(shí)候，會(huì)釋放出二氧化碳，使得面團(tuán)漲開(kāi)。
3. _________ the percentage of individuals with similar traits in succeeding generations， geneticists use the theory of probability.
A. The calculation of
B. To calculate
C. Is calculating
D. Calculated
答案：B
分析：to calculate，這里用不定式表示“目的”，前半句的邏輯主語(yǔ)是geneticists，只有B符合要求;A中只有主語(yǔ)，句子不完整。
參考譯文：遺傳學(xué)家運(yùn)用概率的理論來(lái)計(jì)算在后代中擁有相似特點(diǎn)個(gè)體占有的百分比。
補(bǔ)充： 如同A的形式， 逗號(hào)前面就是一個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)， 然而正確的句子里， 名詞短語(yǔ)要么作為主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)， 要么本身是主語(yǔ)， 如11題。 否則就是脫離句子成分， 成為錯(cuò)誤。
4. Big-band uaaz relies on fixed arrangements， where_______than one instrument playing some of the parts， rather than on improvisation.
A. is more
B. whenever more
C. there is more
D. more
答案：C
分析：where引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，后面缺主謂。
參考譯文：大型樂(lè)隊(duì)爵士依賴于固定的安排，其中演奏相同部分音樂(lè)的樂(lè)器超過(guò)一個(gè)，而不是現(xiàn)聲發(fā)揮。
5. Because of _________ diversity， seven separate groupings or divisions of algae have been established by botanists.
A. them
B. so that
C. those
D. their
答案：D
分析：those是泛指，這里應(yīng)該用their來(lái)特指seven separate groupings or divisions of algae.
參考譯文：因?yàn)楹Ｔ鍌兊牟煌匦�，植物學(xué)家把他們分成7個(gè)不同的組別或分支。
練習(xí)題四
1. This is why glass shatters so easily when dealt a blow, why glass deteriorates over time, especially when exposed to moisture, and why glassware must be slowly reheated and uniformly cooled after manufacture to release internal stresses induced by uneven cooling.
The words "exposed to" in line 19 are closest in meaning to
(A) hardened by
(B) chilled with
(C) subjected to
(D) deprived of
2. This is why glass shatters so easily when dealt a blow, why glass deteriorates over time, especially when exposed to moisture, and why glassware must be slowly reheated and uniformly cooled after manufacture to release internal stresses induced by uneven cooling.
The word "induced" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) joined
(B) missed
(C) caused
(D) lost
3. The best-known specimens are the remarkable tracks discovered at Lactoli, Tanzania, by Mary Leakey.
The word "remarkable" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) extraordinary
(B) enormous
(C) various
(D) orderly
4. The pressures exerted along the foot, together with the length of stride, which averaged 87 centimeters, indicated that the hominids had been walking slowly. In short, all the detectable morphological features implied that the feet that left the footprints were very little different from those of contemporary humans.
The word "exerted" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) influenced
(B) applied
(C) returned
(D) lessened
5. The study of fossil footprints is not restricted to examples from such remote periods. Hundreds of prints are known, for example, in French caves dating from the end of the last ice age, approximately 10, 000 years ago.
The word "restricted" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) limited
(B) improved
(C) continued
(D) succeeded
6. The livelihood of each species in the vast and intricate assemblage of living things depends on the existence of other organisms.
The word "intricate" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) difficult
(B) widespread
(C) critical
(D) complex
7. A multitude of microorganisms (including viruses and bacteria) and an army of invertebrates ---
The expression "an army" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) an illness
(B) an attack
(C) a large number
(D) a distinct type
8. Members of the animal kingdom have developed a variety of defense mechanisms for dealing with parasites. Although these mechanisms vary considerably, all major groups of animals are capable of detecting and reacting to the presence of "foreign" cells.
The word "vary" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) differ
(B) endure
(C) balance
(D) contribute
9. Unimprovised, completely structured jazz does exist, but the ability of the best jazz musicians to create music of great cohesion and beauty during a performance has been a hallmark of the music and its major source of inspiration and change.
The word "cohesion" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) sorrow
(B) fame
(C) unity
(D) vibration
10. The second distinguishing characteristic of jazz is a rhythmic drive that was initially called "hot" and later "swing."
The word "initially" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) at first
(B) shortly
(C) alphabetically
(D) in fact
參考答案：
1.C 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.A
練習(xí)題五
1. In playing hot, a musician consciously departs from strict meter to create a relaxed sense of phrasing that also emphasizes the underlying rhythms.
The word "consciously" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) carelessly
(B) easily
(C) periodically
(D) purposely
2. Not all jazz is hot, however; many early bands played unadorned published arrangements of popular songs.
The word "unadorned" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) lovely
(B) plain
(C) disorganized
(D) inexpensive
3. The tight arrangement enabled the Mandans to protect themselves more easily from the attacks of others who might seek to obtain some of the food these highly capable farmers stored from one years to the next.
The word "enabled" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) covered
(B) reminded
(C) helped
(D) isolated
4. They had to exercise considerable skill to produce the desired results, for their northern location meant fleeting growing seasons.
The word "considerable" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) planning
(B) much
(C) physical
(D) new
5. This green corn was boiled, dried, and shelled, with some of the maize slated for immediate consumption and the rest stored in animal-skin bags.
The word "consumption" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) decay
(B) planting
(C) eating
(D) conversion
6. With appropriate banking of the extrafood, the Mandans protected themselves against the disaster of crop failure and accompanying hunger.
The word "disaster" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) control
(B) catastrophe
(C) avoidance
(D) history
7. Helium nuclei have also been found to be constituents of cosmic rays that fall on the earth (cosmic "rays" are not really a form of radiation; they consist of rapidly moving particles of numerous different kinds) .
The word "constituents" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) relatives
(B) causes
(C) components
(D) targets
8. Its relative abundance never seems to vary much. In some places, there may be slightly more of it; in others, slightly less, but the ratio of helium to hydrogen nucleial ways remains about the same.
The word "vary" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) mean
(B) stretch
(C) change
(D) include
9. However, the amount of helium that could have been produced in this manner can be calculated, and it turns out to be no more than a few percent.
The word "calculated" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) ignored
(B) converted
(C) increased
(D) determined
10. By the time the universe was a few minutes old, helium production has effectively ceased.
The word "ceased" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) extended
(B) performed
(C) taken hold
(D) stopped
參考答案：
1.D 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.C 9.D 10.D
練習(xí)題六
1. Wealthy and socially prominent settlers made quilts of the English type, cut from large lengths of cloth of the same color and texture rather than stitched together from smaller pieces.
The word " prominent" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) isolated
(B) concerned
(C) generous
(D) distinguished
2. This term was usually applied to a fabric of wool and linen used in heavy clothing and quilted petticoats worn in the wintertime.
The phrase "applied to" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) sewn onto
(B) compared to
(C) used for
(D) written down on
3. Rather, they were made of a top layer of woolen or glazed worsted wool fabric, consisting of smooth, compact yarn from long wool fibers, dyed dark blue, green, or brown with a bottom layer of a coarser woolen material, either natural or a shade of yellow.
The word "coarser" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) older
(B) less heavy
(C) more attractive
(D) rougher
4. The linsey-woolsey covering was found in the colder regions of the country because of the warmth it afforded.
The word "afforded" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) provided
(B) spent
(C) avoided
(D) absorbed
5. Growing tightly packed together and collectively weaving a dense canopy of branches, a stand of red alder trees can totally dominate a site to the exclusion of almost everything else.
The word "dense" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) dark
(B) tall
(C) thick
(D) broad
6. Farm dwellers in their isolation not only found it harder to locate companions in play but also, thanks to the unending demands and pressures of their work, felt it necessary to combine fun with purpose.
The phrase "thanks to " is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) grateful for
(B) help with
(C) because of
(D) machines for
7. The most eagerly anticipated social events were the rural fairs. Hundreds of men, women, and children attended from far and near.
The phrase "eagerly anticipated" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) well organized
(B) old-fashioned
(C) strongly opposed
(D) looked forward to
8. Although the phlogiston theory was self-consistent, it was awkward because it required that imaginative, even mysterious, properties be ascribed to phlogiston.
The word "properties" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) interpretations
(B) locations
(C) characteristics
(D) virtues
9. Although the phlogiston theory was self-consistent, it was awkward because it required that imaginative, even mysterious, properties be ascribed to phlogiston.
The phrase "ascribed to" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) analyzed and isolated in
(B) returned to their original condition in
(C) assumed to be true of
(E) diagrammed with
10. In the eighteenth century, Antoine Lavoisier, on the basis of careful experimentation was led to propose a different theory of burning, one that required a constituent of air-later shown to be oxygen-for combustion.
The word "constituent" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) component
(B) opposite
(C) principle
(D) temperature
參考答案：
1.D 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.A
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