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2017年托福語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)考點(diǎn)解析
導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：不管是寫作閱讀，還是聽力口語(yǔ)，都難免要考察同學(xué)們的語(yǔ)法能力。下面YJBYS小編向大家解析2017年的托福語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)考點(diǎn)，希望對(duì)你有用!
1. The Cubists were concerned with how__________a given subject from different points of view simultaneously.
(A) represented
(B) do the represent
(C) to represent
(D) representing
答案：C
考點(diǎn)：不定式。
分析：how後加從句或不定式，而4個(gè)答案中無(wú)相應(yīng)從句，故選不定式to represent。
2. Sometimes__________to place physics and chemistry into separate categories.
(A) difficult
(B) is difficult
(C) it is difficult
(D) that it is difficult
答案：C
考點(diǎn)：主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。
分析：本句主、謂語(yǔ)俱缺，應(yīng)在答案中選擇完整的主謂或主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，即(C)。(A)主語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞均缺;(B)缺主語(yǔ);(D)多了that，是從句。
3. Martha Graham, __________, has run her own dance company for half a century.
(A) is the great modern choreographer
(B) one of the great modern choreographers
(C) that the great modern choreographers
(D) the modern choreographers were great
答案：B
考點(diǎn)：同位語(yǔ)。
分析：接在主語(yǔ)後面、兩邊由逗號(hào)隔開的成份，可能是主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)，即一說(shuō)明身份的名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)。答案中只有(B)是名詞性的。(A)、(D)都有系動(dòng)詞;(C)以that開頭，是從句的一部分。
解題要點(diǎn)：同位語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)是中國(guó)學(xué)生不甚熟悉而TOEFL考題中常出現(xiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)。見到主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞之間的，兩邊用逗號(hào)隔開的形式，應(yīng)首先考慮同位語(yǔ)的可能性，選擇名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)。
4. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, __________communicate through facial expressions and by making noises.
(A) however
(B) they
(C) furthermore
(D) who
答案：B
考點(diǎn)：主語(yǔ)。
分析：communicate是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，前面缺主語(yǔ)。應(yīng)在答案中選擇名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)。(B)代詞they可作主語(yǔ)。(A)、(C)既非代詞也非名詞，不能作主語(yǔ);(D)用在疑問(wèn)句或從句中。
5. The seating of musicians in an orchestra is arranged __________to produce the desired blend of sounds from the various musical sections .
(A) the conductor of
(B) from the conductor
(C) the conductor and
(D) by the conductor
答案：D
考點(diǎn)：介詞短語(yǔ)/被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
分析：看到被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的is arranged，應(yīng)想到後面可能接by…的結(jié)構(gòu)。在4個(gè)答案中選擇以by開頭的介詞短語(yǔ)，即(D)。
6. The worldwide race to develop an affordable synthetic fuel has so far consumed billions of dollars and __________ few results.
(A) yielded
(B) yielding
(C) yield ha
(D) has a yield of
答案：A
考點(diǎn)：並列結(jié)構(gòu)。
分析：and前後兩部分，應(yīng)同形式、同性質(zhì)。此處and連接兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)部分，前面是consumed…，後面應(yīng)也是一過(guò)去式的動(dòng)詞，即(A)yielded。
7. Experiments in the photography of moving objects __________ in both the United States and Europe well before 1900.
(A) have been conducting
(B) were conducting
(C) had been conducted
(D) being conducted
答案：C
考點(diǎn)：時(shí)態(tài)。
分析：本句有主語(yǔ)而缺謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)選擇時(shí)態(tài)正確的動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)。句中well before l900說(shuō)明時(shí)間是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，故選(C)。(A)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);(B)是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí);(D)不能作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
8. The University of Georgia, __________ in 1785, was the first state supported university in the United States.
(A) chartered
(B) was chartered
(C) it was chartered
(D) to be chartered
答案：A
考點(diǎn)：分詞短語(yǔ)作後置定語(yǔ)。
分析：此句是TOEFL�？季涫健７衷~短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)放在它所修飾的名詞後面(A)，相當(dāng)於被動(dòng)式的定語(yǔ)從句省掉關(guān)係代詞which/that及系動(dòng)詞be。(B)若改為which was chartered，(C)用which代替it，(D)去掉to be，亦可。
9. Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas where once __________ cacti and sagebrush could live.
(A) nor
(B) not the
(C) none other
(D) nothing but
答案：D
考點(diǎn)：短語(yǔ)。
分析：Nothing but是固定的短語(yǔ)。(A)nor通常不單獨(dú)使用，應(yīng)與neither連用;(B)not用於否定動(dòng)詞或形容詞;(C)是錯(cuò)誤說(shuō)法。
10. __________, in the late 1800’s, some libraries had to keep as many as twenty to thirty copies of each of Mary Jane Holmes’s books on hand.
(A) Inventories showing
(B) That show inventories
(C) Inventories show that
(D) Showing the inventories
答案：C
考點(diǎn)：複合句。
分析：本句中some後的部分為從句，前面缺少主句，及連接詞。應(yīng)在答案中選擇完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，即(C)。
11. The scholarly interest in perception stems largely from questions about the sources and validity of what __________.
(A) it is known as human knowledge
(B) is known as human knowledge
(C) known human knowledge
(D) is human knowledge known
答案：B
考點(diǎn)：what引導(dǎo)的名詞從句。
分析：介詞of應(yīng)後接名詞性成份作介詞賓語(yǔ)。What…結(jié)構(gòu)的作用相當(dāng)於一個(gè)名詞，它要麼是what+不定式，要麼是what從句，即名詞性從句。答案中無(wú)不定式形式，只有(B)能與what組成完整的從句，故選 (B)。(A)it與what重複。
12. Because of the Aleuts’ constant exposure to cold weather, they have long recognized __________ .
(A) and body needs to be fat
(B) body needs the fat
(C) how fat the body needs
(D) the body’s need for fat
答案：D
考點(diǎn)：賓語(yǔ)。
分析：recognize是及物動(dòng)詞，其後應(yīng)接名詞性的成份作賓語(yǔ)。(D)是名詞片語(yǔ)，故選(D)。(B)看似省掉that的賓語(yǔ)從句，但fat前的定冠詞the是錯(cuò)誤的。(C)如改為how much fat則在句子結(jié)構(gòu)上亦是正確的。
13. Almost all economists agree __________ by trading with one another.
(A) nations that are gained
(B) nations they gain
(C) gaining nations
(D) that nations gain
答案：D
考點(diǎn)：賓語(yǔ)從句。
分析：請(qǐng)注意動(dòng)詞agree的幾種句型結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)agree十賓語(yǔ)從句; (2)agree with/to十名詞結(jié)構(gòu)。
14. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for __________ with which to regulate them.
(A) more accurate than sundials
(B) more accurate sundials
(C) sundials more accurately
(D) more accurately than sundials
答案：B
考點(diǎn)：介詞賓語(yǔ)。
分析：介詞for後面應(yīng)接名詞性的成份作其賓語(yǔ)。4個(gè)答案中只有(B)是以名詞sundials作中心詞的片語(yǔ)，可作介詞賓語(yǔ)。
15. Anthropology is a science __________anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.
(A) in that
(B) that in
(C) that
(D) in
16. Not woman held a presidential cabinet position in the United States until 1933, when Frances Perkins became secretary of labor.
答案：A
測(cè)試點(diǎn)：否定詞。
分析：no，not以及none這三個(gè)否定詞的用法，常在題中故意混淆。副詞not不能修飾名詞woman，此外應(yīng)用形容詞no。
解題要點(diǎn)：no或not出現(xiàn)在TOEFL改錯(cuò)題中，應(yīng)首先考慮其是否正確。
17. The human body relies on certainty nutrients for its survival.
答案：C
測(cè)試點(diǎn)：詞性。
分析：此處修飾名詞nutrients要用形容詞certain，不用名詞certainty.
18. Too much electric current may flow into a circuit as a result either of a fault in the circuit and of an outside event such as lightning.
答案：D
測(cè)試點(diǎn)：連詞短語(yǔ)
分析：either…or…的用法。看到either這個(gè)詞，要注意尋找其後是否有相應(yīng)的or。and應(yīng)為or。
解題要點(diǎn);either…or，neither…nor, both…and等連詞習(xí)語(yǔ)為TOEFL�？碱}型，注意其前後搭配。
19. The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2,020 miles from Maine to Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world.
答案：C
測(cè)試點(diǎn)：最高級(jí)。
分析：形容詞或副詞前有the，後有in the world等表示範(fàn)圍—類的短語(yǔ)，應(yīng)當(dāng)用最高級(jí)形式。此處longer應(yīng)為longest。
解題要點(diǎn);當(dāng)TOEFL改錯(cuò)題中出現(xiàn)劃線的形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)形式時(shí)，應(yīng)注意其用法是否正確。
20. For years, elephants were hunted for food and ivory, and as a result theirs numbers have been greatly reduced.
答案：B
測(cè)試點(diǎn)：詞性。
分析：numbers為名詞，前面要用形容詞性的代詞their。theirs為名詞性質(zhì)。
21. Barges which carrier most of the heavy freight on rivers and canals are usually propelled by towing.
答案：A
測(cè)試點(diǎn)：詞性。
分析：carrier是名詞，而此處需要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。應(yīng)為carries。
解題要點(diǎn)：名詞尾碼-er,-or,-tion,-sion等形式出現(xiàn)在TOEFL改錯(cuò)題中，應(yīng)引起特別注意。
22. Although afflicted by serious eyesight problems, Alicia Alonso was one the principal stars of the American Ballet Theater and later formed her own dance company.
答案：C
測(cè)試點(diǎn)：習(xí)語(yǔ)。
分析：One of the+複數(shù)名詞/名詞詞級(jí)是固定說(shuō)法，此處缺of.
23. The ritual combat of animals are triggered by precise signals.
答案：B
測(cè)試點(diǎn)：主謂數(shù)的一致。
分析：主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)的combat,系動(dòng)詞要用心
解題要點(diǎn)：介詞短語(yǔ)of animals是名詞combat的定語(yǔ)，這類以of引接的定語(yǔ)後置結(jié)構(gòu)要特別注意主謂的數(shù)是否一致。
24. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effective than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one’s meaning.
答案：B
測(cè)試點(diǎn)：並列結(jié)構(gòu)/詞性。
分析：and的前後部分應(yīng)同詞性、同性質(zhì)，此處應(yīng)用副詞effectively與and前的simply和directly並列，不用形容詞effective。
25. Different species of octopuses may measure anywhere from two inches to over thirty feet in long.
答案：D
測(cè)試點(diǎn)：詞性
分析：表示“在長(zhǎng)度方面”固定的說(shuō)法是in length，不用long。從詞性考慮，介詞詛後要加名詞(1ength),不能加形容詞(1ong)。
解題要點(diǎn);TOEFL考題中表示長(zhǎng)(1ong，length),高(high，height),深(deep，depth)等詞的名詞及其形容詞形式常常混淆。
26. According to some theories derived from psychoanalysis, life is supposedly easier and mo re pleasant when inhibitions overcoming.
答案：D
測(cè)試點(diǎn)：詞形。
分析：inhibitions前有連接詞when，說(shuō)明其後應(yīng)為主謂完整的從句。overcoming不是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式，應(yīng)為are overcome。
27. When rainbows appear, they are always in the part of the sky opposite directly the Sun.
答案：D
測(cè)試點(diǎn)：詞序。
分析：介詞和它的賓語(yǔ)之間不要加入副詞。此處副詞directly應(yīng)在介詞opposite之前。
28. Benjamin Franklin drew a political cartoon that is credited raising 10,000 volunteers for the American Revolutionary War.
答案：C
測(cè)試點(diǎn)：習(xí)語(yǔ)。
分析：Be credited with是固定短語(yǔ)，表示“被認(rèn)為取得某種成就”。
29. The begins of the modern chemistry laboratory go back to the workrooms of medieval lchemists.
答案：A
測(cè)試點(diǎn)：詞性。
分析：此處要求名詞作主語(yǔ)，而begins則是動(dòng)詞形式。應(yīng)為beginnings.
30. In many pieces of music there is a dominant theme on which the restful of the composition is centered.
答案：C
測(cè)試點(diǎn)：習(xí)語(yǔ)/詞性。
分析：The rest of是固定短語(yǔ)。從詞性的角度來(lái)分析，冠詞the後面應(yīng)接名詞。
31. Luminescence refers to the emission of light by means another than heat.
答案：C
測(cè)試點(diǎn)：other和another的用法。
分析：遇有劃線的another或other要加以注意，這兩個(gè)詞常被相互錯(cuò)用。此處應(yīng)為other。Other than是固定說(shuō)法，表示“除了，不同於”。
32.In a representative democracy, the people election delegates to an assembly.
答案：C 測(cè)試點(diǎn)：詞性。
分析：此處需一動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)，而election是名詞。解題要點(diǎn);參見本套考題的第(21)題。
33.George Washington Carver found hundred of uses for the peanut, the sweet potato, and the soybean and thus stimulated the cultivation of these crops.
答案：A
測(cè)試點(diǎn)：習(xí)語(yǔ)。
分析：表示不確定數(shù)目的短語(yǔ)，如hundreds of，thousands of，millions of等，均用複數(shù)。
34. A citadel, a fortress designed for the defense of a city, usually standed on top of a hill.
答案：D
測(cè)試點(diǎn)：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的詞形變化。
分析：這類考題數(shù)量雖不多，但考的是最基本的知識(shí)，不應(yīng)做錯(cuò)。stand的過(guò)去式是stood，standed是個(gè)錯(cuò)字。解題要點(diǎn);stand-stood·stood及begin-began-begun等不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化形式要記牢。
35. Conservative philosophers argue that the very structure of society is threatening by civil disobedience, while humanists stress the primacy of the individual conscience.
答案：B
測(cè)試點(diǎn)：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
分析：系動(dòng)詞 (be)和介詞by同時(shí)出現(xiàn)是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的信號(hào)，它們之間的動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去分詞。此處threatening應(yīng)為threatened.
36. Since 1971 the regional corporations set up in Alaska by Congress managing everything from fishing to banking.
答案：C
測(cè)試點(diǎn)：詞形。
分析：此處需要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式have managed。句中set up為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，修飾前面的名詞主語(yǔ)corporations。另外注意 (D)banking為名詞，意為“銀行業(yè)”。
37. A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets carry a supply that last just a few seconds.
答案：D
測(cè)試點(diǎn)：主謂數(shù)的一致。
分析：that為從句主語(yǔ)，後接動(dòng)詞作其謂語(yǔ)。而that代指單數(shù)的a supply故其謂語(yǔ)也應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式的lasts。
38. Textile art is known for both its tactile and vision qualities.
答案：C
測(cè)試點(diǎn)：詞性/並列結(jié)構(gòu)。
分析：連詞and要求它兩邊是同詞性、同性質(zhì)的成份。此處and一邊是形容詞tactile，另一邊應(yīng)當(dāng)也是形容詞visional，不用名詞vision。
39. The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century.
答案：B
測(cè)試點(diǎn)：時(shí)態(tài)。
分析：若句中有表示具體時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，如in the nineteenth century等，則不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。此處has been為was。
40. Gulls can often be see swooping over large bodies of water.
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