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新托福TPO15綜合寫(xiě)作范文和材料原文
蔗蜍是一種原產(chǎn)于中南美洲的兩棲動(dòng)物，個(gè)頭很大，重大1.8公斤。新托福寫(xiě)作TPO15綜合寫(xiě)作閱讀材料提出了幾個(gè)解決蔗蜍在澳大利亞蔓延的方法。聽(tīng)力材料一一進(jìn)行了反駁。下面是小編整理的新托福寫(xiě)作TPO15綜合寫(xiě)作范文和材料原文，歡迎閱讀!
新托福寫(xiě)作TPO15綜合寫(xiě)作范文
The lecturer argues against the three measures mentioned in the reading passage to reduce the population of the cane toad, a species introduced to the Australian continent.
The lecturer argues that the first measure, a national fence, would not prevent the flow of streams or rivers and, therefore, would allow young toads or toad eggs to travel to the other side of the fence. The reading passage, however, argues that such a fence would effectively cut off the Route that animals use to establish colonies and expand in population.
Regarding the second measure, recruiting a large group of volunteers, the lecturer explains that volunteers often have difficulty distinguishing between cane toads and native frogs, an endangered species. Therefore, volunteers might kill members of both species. The Reading passage gives the opposite view. Organizing a large group of volunteers to join an extermination campaign would speed the destruction of cane toads.
Finally the lecturer objects to the third measure—using an infectious virus. She points out that a virus intended to eliminate Australia’s cane toad population could be transmitted through animal transportation to other continents where cane toads are an essential part of the ecosystem. This is indirect contradiction with the claim in the reading passage that an infectious virus could be developed to stop the reproduction of cane toads without harming other species.
新托福寫(xiě)作TPO15綜合寫(xiě)作閱讀材料：
The cane toad is a large (1.8 kg) amphibian species native to Central and South America. It was deliberately introduced to Australia in 1935 with the expectation that it would protect farmers’ crops by eating harmful insects. Unfortunately, the toad multiplied rapidly, and a large cane toad population now threatens small native animals that are not pest. Several measures have been proposed to stop the spread of the cane toad in Australia.
蔗蜍是一種原產(chǎn)于中南美洲的兩棲動(dòng)物，個(gè)頭很大，重大1.8公斤。蔗蜍是在1935年由人工引進(jìn)至澳大利亞的。因?yàn)樗鼈兛梢猿院οx(chóng)，所以希望借由它們保護(hù)農(nóng)作物。不幸的是，蔗蜍繁殖迅速。而且，數(shù)量巨大的蔗蜍群體已經(jīng)開(kāi)始威脅一些對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)無(wú)害的小型本土生物�，F(xiàn)在提出了幾個(gè)解決蔗蜍在澳大利亞蔓延的'方法。
One way to prevent the spread of the toad would be to build a national fence. A fence that blocks the advance of the toads will prevent them from moving into those parts of Australia that they have not yet colonized. This approach has been used before: a national fence was erected in the early part of the twentieth century to prevent the spread of rabbits, another animal species that was introduced in Australia from abroad and had a harmful impact on its native ecosystems.
第一個(gè)阻止蔗蜍蔓延的方法是建立一個(gè)全國(guó)范圍的圍欄。用圍欄控制蔗蜍增長(zhǎng)的方式是通過(guò)阻止它們遷徙實(shí)現(xiàn)的，這樣它們就不會(huì)聚集到那些尚未被它們控制的地區(qū)了。這種方法以前就用過(guò)。在二十世界初期，澳大利亞就從用這種圍欄阻止兔子的過(guò)度增長(zhǎng)。兔子由澳大利亞從他國(guó)引進(jìn)后，給當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鷳B(tài)平衡造成了巨大的災(zāi)難。
Second, the toads could be captured and destroyed by volunteers. Cane toads can easily be caught in simple traps and can even be captured by hand. Young toads and cane toad eggs are even easier to gather and destroy, since they are restricted to the water. If the Australian government were to organize a campaign among Australian citizens to join forces to destroy the toads, the collective effort might stop the toad from spreading.
第二，可以招募志愿者抓蔗蜍。簡(jiǎn)單的陷阱就可以抓到蔗蜍，甚至徒手都可以抓到。至于蝌蚪和卵因?yàn)槭巧钤谒锏�，更是容易抓到和消滅。如果澳大利亞政府組織一個(gè)由澳大利亞公民參與的運(yùn)動(dòng)去消滅蔗蜍，那么可能會(huì)達(dá)到阻礙其蔓延的目的。
Third, researchers are developing a disease-causing virus to control the cane toad populations. This virus will be specially designed: although it will be able to infect a number of reptile and amphibian species, it will not harm most of the infected species; it will specifically harm only the cane toads. The virus will control the population of cane toads by preventing them from maturing and reproducing.
第三，研究人員正在研究一種用于控制蔗蜍數(shù)量的致病病毒。這種病毒是專(zhuān)門(mén)為控制蔗蜍研制的。盡管這種病毒也可以感染相當(dāng)多數(shù)量的爬行動(dòng)物和兩棲動(dòng)物，但是這種感染基本是無(wú)害的。它只會(huì)影響蔗蜍。這種病毒通過(guò)阻礙蔗蜍的蔗蜍的成熟和繁殖實(shí)現(xiàn)控制其數(shù)量的目的。
新托福寫(xiě)作TPO15綜合寫(xiě)作聽(tīng)力材料：
The cane toad won’t be as easy to get rid of as the reading suggests. The measures proposed by the reading are likely either to be unsuccessful or to cause unwanted environmental damage.
蔗蜍不會(huì)像閱讀部分說(shuō)的那么容易出去的。閱讀部分提供的觀點(diǎn)不但是不會(huì)奏效，甚至?xí)䦟?duì)環(huán)境造成損害。
First of all, a national fence probably won’t stop the spread of the toad. That’s because young toads and toad eggs are found in rivers and streams. No matter where the fence is located, at some point there will be rivers or steams flowing from one side to the other. These waterways will be able to carry the young toads and their eggs to the other side. Since it’s only necessary for a few young toads or eggs to get though the fence in order to establish population on the other side, the fence is unlikely to be effective.
首先，一個(gè)全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)的圍欄不會(huì)阻止蔗蜍的蔓延。這是因?yàn)轵蝌胶驼狎苈咽巧钤诤铀拖髦械摹２还車(chē)鷻谠趺窗才�，總�?huì)有跨過(guò)河流和小溪的地方。在這些地方，流水可以越過(guò)圍欄。蝌蚪和蔗蜍卵可以通過(guò)這些水流穿過(guò)圍欄。只要有很小數(shù)量的蝌蚪和蔗蜍穿過(guò)圍欄，它們就可以建立起一個(gè)種群。所以，這種圍欄的方法是無(wú)效的。
Secondly, a massive group of volunteers could have success trapping and destroying toads. But it’s likely that these untrained volunteers would inadvertently destroy many of Australia’s native frogs some of which are endangered. It’s not always easy to tell the cane toad apart from native frogs especially when it’s young.
第二，人數(shù)眾多的志愿者隊(duì)伍的確可以抓住和消滅蔗蜍。但是這些沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)訓(xùn)練的志愿者很可能會(huì)無(wú)意間殺死很多澳大利亞原產(chǎn)的青蛙，而其中的一些已經(jīng)是瀕危物種的。蔗蜍和澳大利亞原產(chǎn)青蛙并不容易區(qū)分，尤其是在它們都是幼體的時(shí)候。
Third, using the virus is a bad idea because it could have terrible consequences for cane toads in their original habitat in Central and South America. You might be wondering how can virus released in Australia cause harm in the Americas. Well, Australian reptiles and amphibians are often transported to other continents by researchers or pet collectors for example. Once the animals infected by the virus reach Central and South American, the virus will attack the native cane toads and devastate their populations. That would be an ecological disaster because in the Americans cane toads are a native species and a vital part of the ecosystem. So if they are eliminated the whole ecosystem will suffer.
第三，病毒可能會(huì)對(duì)蔗蜍原產(chǎn)的中南美洲的生態(tài)環(huán)境造成嚴(yán)重的破壞，所以使用病毒也是一個(gè)壞主意。你們可能很好奇為什么投放在澳大利亞的'病毒會(huì)破換美洲的環(huán)境。恩，研究者或者寵物飼養(yǎng)者常常會(huì)被澳大利亞的爬行動(dòng)物和兩棲類(lèi)動(dòng)物帶到其他的大洲。一旦感染此病毒的動(dòng)物被帶到了中南美洲，那么這種病毒就會(huì)感染當(dāng)?shù)氐恼狎�，使得其�?shù)量銳減。因?yàn)檎狎茉诿乐奘窃锓N，是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分，所以其數(shù)量銳減將會(huì)是生態(tài)災(zāi)難。所以，如果蔗蜍滅絕了，那么美洲的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)也會(huì)受到破壞。
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