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專四考試語法詞匯三大命題新趨勢
想要更好掌握專業(yè)英語四級考試的語法詞匯題，那么在平時(shí)，我們就要多多注意這些題型的命題趨勢了，下面小編就來和大家詳細(xì)說明一下吧!
一、偏愛考熟詞僻義
近年來語法詞匯部分�？家恍┛忌煜さ膯卧~，但是所考的意思不一定為考生所熟悉，這其實(shí)加大了題目難度。這就要求在備考時(shí)要對大綱內(nèi)的重點(diǎn)單詞要全面掌握，不能滿足于知道其最常用的意思。題目例析(年份/題號)：
09/72. It was strange that she would _____ such an absurd idea.
A. allow B. stick
C. take D. entertain
解析：本題選D。entertain 的常見意思是“熱情款待; 使有興趣”，在本題中這個(gè)詞的意思是“懷有，心存”，其賓語一般是idea, hope, doubt. suspicion等，例如：
He entertained hopes of a reconciliation.
他曾對和解抱有希望。
He secretly entertained thoughts of revenge.
他暗中懷有報(bào)復(fù)的想法。
11/75. The city government is building more roads to ___ the increasing number of cars.
A. accommodate B. receive
C. accept D. hold
解析：本題選A。accommodate 是一個(gè)及物動詞，最常見的意思是“向 --- 提供住宿”，但在本題中卻考察它的另一個(gè)意思：為--- 提供足夠的空間 (to provide enough space for sb or sth)，例如：
The new facility will easily accommodate 50 workstations.
新的場所能輕松擺下五十個(gè)工作臺。
值得指出的是，這個(gè)及物動詞還以一個(gè)意思：為--- 提供足夠的座位或房間(to supply enough seats or room for people or things) ，這是意思相當(dāng)于hold，例如：
Our ships accommodate up to 150.
我們的船只可乘坐多達(dá)150位乘客。
The hotel can accommodate 600 guests.
這家酒店可容納六百位客人。
那么，本題為什么不能選hold呢?關(guān)鍵是hold作“容得下;能盛 (to have enough space for sb / sth)”這種意思，主語一般是某個(gè)建筑物或容器，例如：
The stadium holds 8,000 people.
這個(gè)體育場能容納八千人。
The movie theater holds 500 people.
這家電影院能容納500人。
The plane holds about 300 passengers.
這架飛機(jī)可容納大約300名乘客。
The pan holds three gallons of water.
這口鍋能盛三加侖水。
作“容納”的意思時(shí)，hold的賓語如果是人，可以換成accommodate(如上面的前四句);若賓語不是人時(shí)則不可以(如最后一句)。
10/51. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates CAUSE?
A. Why don't you do it for the sake of your friends?
B. I wish I could write as well as you.
C. For all his efforts, he didn't get an A.
D. Her eyes were red from excessive reading.
解析：本題選D。介詞from至少有二十種意思，本題考察的是它的一個(gè)不太常用的意思：由于，因?yàn)?because of or as a result of)，例如：
Her hair was still damp from her walk in the rain.
因?yàn)樵谟曛行凶�，所以她的頭發(fā)仍是濕的。
They are exhausted from all the sleepless nights.
他們由于這些不眠之夜而精疲力竭。
She felt sick from tiredness.
她累得渾身不對勁。
二、偏愛考熟詞構(gòu)成的短語
英語的特點(diǎn)之一是短語眾多，這些短語是中國學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)中的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。近幾年的專四試題表明，由常見詞構(gòu)成的短語越來越成為考察的重點(diǎn)，這樣就增大了詞匯題的難度，例如：
08/66. When he first started in university, he really felt at _____ with his major --- economics.
A. shore B. bank
C. ocean D. sea
解析：本題選D。be / feel (all) at sea 困惑，茫然，不知所措，例如：
I’m all at sea with these new regulations.
我全然不懂這些規(guī)章。
08/68. Sally was a bit shy, but the teacher found her quite ____ discussing a recent film with others.
A. at home B. at most
C. at house D. at bean
解析：本題選C。at home 除了“在家里，在國內(nèi)”還可以表示“無拘無束，舒適自在(comfortable and relaxed)”，例如：
Simon feels at home on a horse.
西蒙騎馬得心應(yīng)手。
08/69. The company has capitalized _____ the error of judgment made by its business competitor.
A. in B. over C. with D. on
解析：本題選D。capitalize on 利用 (If you capitalize on a situation, you use it to gain some advantage for yourself. ) ，意思相當(dāng)于take advantage of，例如：
The rebels seem to be trying to capitalize on the public's discontent with the government.
叛亂分子似乎想要利用公眾對政府的不滿情緒。
09/75. Representatives from the companies indicated that they should go on working together in _____.
A. unity B. entity
C. partners D. partnership
解析：本題選D。in partnership (with sb) (與某人)合作，例如：
He developed the program in partnership with an American expert.
他和一個(gè)美國專家合作開發(fā)出這個(gè)程序。
09/77. The drink was packaged in champagne bottles and was being _____ as the real stuff.
A. passed out B. passed by
C. passed over D. passed off
解釋：本題選D。pass --- off as 用---冒充 ---，例如：
He passed himself off as a senior psychologist.
他冒充成資深心理學(xué)家。
pass out 昏過去(= faint )
pass by 經(jīng)過
pass over 不計(jì)較
They chose to pass over her rude remarks.
他們決定不計(jì)較她的粗魯言語。
要詞原則
無論是中口還是高口翻譯篇章中，都有一些貌似十分簡單的詞，但這些詞往往是這篇文章的殺手锏，難度往往高于那些成語、俗語和專業(yè)詞。比如在第一個(gè)例子中的collectively，一般的譯者馬上會理解為“總而言之”“概括起來”的意思，只有當(dāng)讀完整句的時(shí)候，才明白是把亞洲國家整體經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模“累加”起來，其中進(jìn)行了轉(zhuǎn)性譯法，把副詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞或名詞。這種詞在每次考試中至少會有一個(gè)，可以被認(rèn)為是拉開差距的地方。考生如能發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的“弦外之音”，將會極大的鼓舞自己的士氣。
Collectively, the Asian Countries will have a larger economy than the rest of the world put together.
亞洲國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)總量將超過其他國家地區(qū)的總和。
From a small beginning at the turn of the century ……
本世紀(jì)初，基金會的數(shù)量并不多。
Inside these nations there will be mass prosperity, but with a large minority in serious poverty, and a small number who are very rich.
這些國家雖然呈現(xiàn)出欣欣向榮的態(tài)勢，但其中還有許多處于極端貧窮的弱勢人口，還有少部分人口極端富有。
l The major feature of project money, whether its source is government or business, is that it is given on a contractual basis, a different contract for each project, so that the investigator’s independence rests upon his capacity to secure a succession of contracts.
無論來自于政府或商界，項(xiàng)目資金的重要特點(diǎn)是其建立在契約上，即不同的項(xiàng)目可以爭取相同的項(xiàng)目資金，因此調(diào)研人員要取得獨(dú)立，就必須得到連續(xù)的研究項(xiàng)目。
The resulting patchwork of laws, people on all sides of the issue say, complicates a nationwide picture already clouded by scientific and ethnical questions over whether and how to restrict cloning or to ban it altogether.
在克隆問題上各方人士認(rèn)為，關(guān)于是否限制克隆、如何限制克隆或索性禁止克隆的科學(xué)及倫理問題，已經(jīng)使全國性立法變得撲朔迷離。而如今各種東拼西湊的法律，只會使全國性立法形成步履維艱。
A law that goes into effect on Jan.1 allows computer users in the state to refuse unwanted solicitations en masse and sue spammers who violate their wishers for as much as $1 million.
1月1日，加州通過一條法律，使得計(jì)算機(jī)用戶有權(quán)拒收垃圾郵件，并對郵件發(fā)送者提出訴訟，要求最高達(dá)一百萬美元的賠償。
三、語法題難度稍降
近幾年的語法試題難度大幅度降低，基本上不再有偏題、怪題。下面列舉出近幾年所考過最難的幾道語法題：
08/52. Had Judy been more careful on the math exam, she ____ much better results now.
A. would be getting B. could have got
C. must get D. would get
解析：本題選A。本題考察的是虛擬語氣中的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)：錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬語氣。這種虛擬語氣一般是從句表示的是與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)(用過去完成時(shí))，而主句表示的是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)(謂語用 would / should be或would / should be doing)，例如：
If you had studied hard last year, you would be a college student now.
你要是去年學(xué)習(xí)努力的話，你現(xiàn)在就是大學(xué)生了。
If I had worked harder at school I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.
我如果上學(xué)的時(shí)候更用功一些的話，現(xiàn)在我就坐在一個(gè)舒適地辦公室里了。
那么本題為什么不能選D呢?一般而言，如果主句中的動詞是表示一個(gè)動作，則用would / should + be doing;如果主句中的動詞是表示狀態(tài)的be，則用would be，例如：
Amy would be alive today if the doctor had come sooner last night.
要是大夫昨晚來地早一點(diǎn)，愛梅今天還活著。
If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.
如果過去天氣好一些，現(xiàn)在莊稼還會長得更好。
If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now.
如果他多得六票，他現(xiàn)在就是我們的主席了。
If we hadn’t got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.
如果到現(xiàn)在一切還沒準(zhǔn)備好，明天情況就糟了。
08/53. Nine is to three _____ three is to one.
A. whenB. that
C. whichD. what
A is to B what C is to D
解析：本題選D 。本題考的是一個(gè)明喻的句型：A is to B what C is to D，意思是A對于B就好像C對于D，例如：
Air is to us what water is to fish.
空氣之于我們猶如水之于魚。
A nest is to a bird what a house is to a man.
巢對于鳥就好像房子對于人。
What sculpture is to a block of marble, education is to the soul.
教育之與心靈，就像雕刻之與大理石。
08/55. ____ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay
behind to finish his assignment.
A. Much though B. Much as
C. As much D. Though much
解析：本題選B。本題考察倒裝形式的讓步狀語從句，其結(jié)構(gòu)是adj / adv / n / vi + as + 主語 + 謂語，意思是“盡管 ---，雖然 ---”，相當(dāng)于though 或者although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，例如：
Young as he is, he is able.他雖然年輕，卻很能干。
Strange as it may sound, it is true. 盡管聽起來奇怪，但千真萬確。
Child as he is, he does a lot to support the family.
盡管他是個(gè)孩子，卻已經(jīng)幫著持家。(名詞不帶冠詞)
Much as l like you I couldn’t live with you.
我盡管很喜歡你，卻不能和你一起生活。
Try as he would, he couldn’t open the door.
他試過多次，卻仍打不開門。
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