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英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)
引導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：下面就來(lái)看看專(zhuān)四英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中對(duì)句子的要求吧，以下內(nèi)容由應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生培訓(xùn)網(wǎng)整理而成，謝謝您的閱讀。
一、句子的一致性
指句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)，語(yǔ)氣及句式的一致，舉重個(gè)部分共同表達(dá)一個(gè)獨(dú)立、完整的思想。句子各成分之間的關(guān)系應(yīng)協(xié)調(diào)，連貫，自然平穩(wěn)。
下面來(lái)看一下句子不統(tǒng)一的幾種情況：
1.句子意思表達(dá)不完整
× The lecture was given in such an interersting way.
√ The lecture was given in such an inereresting way that everyone enjoyed it very much.
2.句子的主從關(guān)系模糊
× We are going to visit John, and he is our English friend.
√ We are going to visit John who is our English friend.
3.連接詞使用不當(dāng)
× The main reason he was absent was because he was ill.
√ The main reason he was absent was that he was ill.
4.主謂不一致
× Every teacher and student were invited to go to the party.
√ Every teacher and student was invited to go to the party.
5.中心不明白
× I was watching a film last night, I suddenly found Mary sitting in front of me.
√ When I was watching a film last night, I suddenly found Mary sitting in front of me.
二、句子的簡(jiǎn)練
累贅是寫(xiě)作常見(jiàn)的弊病之一。寫(xiě)作時(shí)應(yīng)力求言簡(jiǎn)意賅，短小精悍。也就是說(shuō)，在能說(shuō)“走，天竺!”的時(shí)候千萬(wàn)不要說(shuō)“你挑著擔(dān)我騎著馬迎來(lái)日出送走晚霞地去西天也就是天竺現(xiàn)在叫印度的地方如來(lái)佛祖那里取經(jīng)到東土大唐來(lái)。”(咦?為什么大家都在吐?)眾人：那個(gè)……總之，能簡(jiǎn)潔就簡(jiǎn)潔便是了。
下面來(lái)看幾句例句。
繁瑣 My little bother always disappears from view when it is time for dinner.
簡(jiǎn)潔 My little bother always disappears when it is time for dinner.
繁瑣 The point I am trying to make is that practice makes perfect.
簡(jiǎn)潔 I believe that practice makes perfect.
繁瑣 I am writing to call your attention to the fact that…
簡(jiǎn)潔 I am writing to remind you that…
練習(xí)：
下列句子中都很繁瑣，請(qǐng)修改成簡(jiǎn)潔句。
1.There are several things which are interesting here.
2.It is encouraging and inspiring to note that sales which are reported right now have increased this month.
3.Another factor that adds to the persuasive power of this speech is the vivid example is gives.
參考答案：
1.There are several things which are interesting here.
Several things are interesting here.
2.It is encouraging and inspiring to note that sales which are reported right now have increased this month.
Sales have increased this month; the figures are encouraging.(特別說(shuō)明一下，這句句子是商務(wù)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作的范疇，一般不用形式主語(yǔ)，不用從句，所以這里不要用it is + aj.句型。)
3.Another factor that adds to the persuasive power of this speech is the vivid example is gives.
The vivid example also makes the speech mor persuasive.
三、句子的連貫性
指句子連接貫通，銜接自然。句子不論長(zhǎng)短都應(yīng)環(huán)環(huán)緊扣，符合語(yǔ)法、邏輯。請(qǐng)注意以下要點(diǎn)：
1.平行結(jié)構(gòu)：把兩個(gè)獲兩個(gè)以上意思相近或相對(duì)的、地位相當(dāng)?shù)某煞忠淹馀c發(fā)行是泛指在一起。其中以下三條規(guī)則須加以注意。
a.使用相同的語(yǔ)法來(lái)表達(dá)具有相同功能的句子成分，可運(yùn)用并列連詞and, but或or等。
× If you want to learn a foreign language well, you’d better try to think in it and speak it as much as possible.
√ If you want to learn a foreign language well, you’d better try to think in it and to speak it as much as possible.
b.正確使用相關(guān)連詞，如both…and, not … but, not only … but also等。
× Wang Lan is not only clever but also she is helpful.
√ Wang Lan is not only clever but also helpful.
c.一個(gè)句子或段落中的人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)要始終保持一致。
× One reason I like to go to school on foot is the physical exercise I get from it.
√ I like to go to school on foot I regard it as a kind of physical exercise.
2.代詞一致：句中代詞應(yīng)在數(shù)、性、人稱(chēng)等方面保持一致，或者與它所照應(yīng)的名詞詞組在這些方面保持一致。如：
We each are responsible for our own jobs.
We are each responsible for his own jobs.
3.代詞與先行詞一致：寫(xiě)作時(shí)應(yīng)弄清楚代詞究竟指代哪個(gè)名詞，否則意思不明確，造成模棱兩可的感覺(jué)。如：
× The old woman told the little girl that she was wrong.
√ The old woman told the little girl,”I am wrong.”
√ The old woman told the little girl,”You are wrong.”
四、句子的強(qiáng)調(diào)
強(qiáng)調(diào)能更有效地進(jìn)行思想交流。寫(xiě)作者為使讀者能更深入地了解自己的觀點(diǎn)，有必要運(yùn)用強(qiáng)調(diào)的手段。這就好比平時(shí)我們做筆記的時(shí)候，用熒光筆劃出重點(diǎn)，為的就是能一目了然。那么寫(xiě)作的時(shí)候，也不要忘記在必要的地方使用一下highlight，讓那些沒(méi)有顏色的亮綠亮黃，一下子達(dá)到讀者心里去。
常見(jiàn)的強(qiáng)調(diào)手段有如下幾種：
1.句尾強(qiáng)調(diào)(End Emphasis)英語(yǔ)句子中通常將需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分置于句子末尾。
弱：He has achieved success, I believe.
強(qiáng)：He has, I believe, achieved success.
2.倒裝語(yǔ)序(Inverted Order)運(yùn)用點(diǎn)到正常語(yǔ)序的手法達(dá)到強(qiáng)調(diào)。
正常：I did not believe what she said for a moment.
倒裝：Not for a moment did I believe what she said.
3.重復(fù)(Repetition)有意重復(fù)主要信息也可達(dá)到強(qiáng)調(diào)的目的。
…that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
練習(xí)：
請(qǐng)用相應(yīng)的強(qiáng)調(diào)手段，改寫(xiě)下列句子。
1.I have never dreamed about it.
2.She was so angry that he could not speak.
3.He will be back, I’m sure.
4.If he is your best friend, he would help you.
參考答案:
1.I have never dreamed about it.
Never have I dreamed about it.
2.She was so angry that she could not speak.
So angry was she that she could not speak.
3.He will be back, I’m sure.
He will, I’m sure, be back.
4.If he is your best friend, he would help you.
Were he your best friend, he would help you.
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