抓主題思想是英語(yǔ)專四閱讀理解的關(guān)鍵
在信息社會(huì)的今天，閱讀是人們獲得科學(xué)發(fā)展最新信息的重要途徑。從學(xué)生畢業(yè)后的實(shí)際需要來(lái)看，他們要從浩如煙海的外語(yǔ)資料中獲得有關(guān)信息，沒(méi)有較強(qiáng)的英語(yǔ)閱讀能力不行。對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，要順利完成大學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)，達(dá)到大綱的要求，特別是真正地學(xué)會(huì)把英語(yǔ)作為獲取信息的工具，加強(qiáng)閱讀訓(xùn)練，提高英語(yǔ)閱讀能力是十分重要的。在閱讀過(guò)程中，抓文章的主題思想，是對(duì)文中具體內(nèi)容理解的關(guān)鍵。
主題思想(the Main Idea)是作者在文章中要表達(dá)的核心內(nèi)容，也是作者自始至終要說(shuō)明的問(wèn)題。能否抓住一篇文章的主題思想，體現(xiàn)了讀者總結(jié)、概括和歸納事物的能力�？梢哉f(shuō)，找出主題思想是一項(xiàng)十分重要的閱讀技能。
一、抓主題思想，我們首先要學(xué)會(huì)識(shí)別文章中那些最根本、最具有概括力的信息。
這種信息應(yīng)能歸納和概括文中其他信息所具有的共性。例一：
Directions：Choose the most general sentence.
A.The hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7to 10a.m.daily.
B.There are many reasons why guests feel at home at the Glorietta Bay Inn.
C.The coin-operated laundry room has an ironing board.
D.There are a number of extra services at the Glorietta Bay Inn including baby-sitting.
A、C、D都是從不同的.側(cè)面說(shuō)明旅館的服務(wù)情況，相互間并無(wú)聯(lián)系。而B(niǎo)卻概括了A、C、D的共性的東西，即：為什么旅客住在這家旅館里有賓至如歸的感覺(jué)。因此，B符合題意，倘若在一段文章中包含了以上A、B、C、D幾條信息，那么，B就是該段的中心思想。出于同樣的道理，如果在一篇文章中，作者分段敘述幾方面的內(nèi)容，那么，這些段落所圍繞和要說(shuō)明的問(wèn)題就是該文的中心思想。例二：
Directions：Choose the main idea of the article.(Following are the topic sentences of an article.)
1)A mounting body of evidence suggests that fighting violence with violence rarely deters a crime in progress and greatly increases the chances of changing a robbery into a violent attack on the victim....
2)One report shows that at least 100 thousand handguns are stolen from private owners each year，the vast majority during burglaries....
3)Moreover，a study of robberies in eight American cities states that in less than 4 percent of the crimes did the victim have the opportunity to use a weapon....
Which of the following best reflects the main idea of the article?
A.What happens to the victims of crime?
B.Is your family safe?
C.Should you arm yourself against crime?
第一段和第三段提到了victims(受害者)，第二段提到了入室行竊，但是第三段說(shuō)明的共同問(wèn)題是人們是否應(yīng)擁有自衛(wèi)武器來(lái)反對(duì)犯罪行為。因此只有選項(xiàng)C才能概括這三段所共同說(shuō)明的問(wèn)題，也就是此文的中心思想。
二、主題思想應(yīng)能恰如其分地概括文中所闡述的內(nèi)容。
面不能太窄，即：不足以概括全部?jī)?nèi)容;但是面也不能太寬，即：包含了文中沒(méi)有闡述的內(nèi)容。例三：
Directions：Read the following and choose the title that best expresses the ideas of the passage.
There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices.It is called the law of supply and demand.Supply means the amount of，or access to，certain goods.Demand represents the number of people who want those goods.If there are more goods than wanted，the price of them falls.On the other hand，if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply， then the price rises.Of course，manufacturers prefer to sll more goods at increased price.
A.Economic Principles
B.Law of Supply and Demand
C.M ore Goods，Lower Prices
D.Fewer Goods，Higher Prices
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