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2018專四語(yǔ)言知識(shí)必考語(yǔ)法知識(shí)
2018專四語(yǔ)言知識(shí)題題型為詞匯語(yǔ)法選擇題，小編整理了2018專四語(yǔ)言知識(shí)必考語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，供考生們參考復(fù)習(xí)。
2018專四語(yǔ)言知識(shí)必考語(yǔ)法知識(shí)之虛擬語(yǔ)氣
�？�“堅(jiān)決要命”型、would rather型、high time型的虛擬語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝形式。“堅(jiān)決要命”型指句子的主句中帶有表達(dá)“堅(jiān)持、決定或決心、要求、命令”等意義的詞語(yǔ)，從句使用should型的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
例如：
It is essential that he examine all the facts first. (2014)
Had it not been for your advice, I would have made the wrong decision. (2016)
It's getting late. I'd rather you left now. (2011)
值得注意的是，近幾年出現(xiàn)新的趨勢(shì)：在考查語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上，加入了對(duì)句子所表達(dá)的語(yǔ)氣、程度和深層語(yǔ)義的檢測(cè)。比如2016年的第20小題：
The sentence "I wish I had been more careful in spending money." expresses the speaker's _____.
A. hope B. joy
C. regret D. relief
2018專四語(yǔ)言知識(shí)必考語(yǔ)法知識(shí)之主謂一致
多年來(lái)側(cè)重考察集合名詞(如cattle，police，family，audience )、學(xué)科(如politics，physics, statistics)、時(shí)間、金錢、距離作為整體表示總量(如20 miles，5 dollars，30 minutes)、either...or，neither...nor的就近原則等幾個(gè)方面的主謂一致。近年的考題加強(qiáng)了綜合性，看是一個(gè)小題，卻能考察一個(gè)語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象的幾個(gè)小點(diǎn)。
例如：
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? (2015)
A. Five miles seem like a long walk to me.
B. Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register.
C. Either my sister or my brother is coming.
D. Only one out of six were present at the meeting.
2018專四語(yǔ)言知識(shí)必考五類語(yǔ)法知識(shí)之情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞對(duì)中國(guó)學(xué)生是一個(gè)難點(diǎn)，也是考察的重點(diǎn)�？疾旆绞揭矎囊酝倪x出正確的用詞，提升到對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的內(nèi)涵的深度理解。
例如：
Which of the following sentences express Willingness? (2012)
A. By now she will be eating dinner.
B. I shall never do that again.
C. You shall get a promotion.
D. My brother will help you with the luggage.
又如:
Which of the following sentences expresses a Fact?(2013)
Which of the following sentences indicates Possibility? (2014)
Sentence ___ expresses the highest degree of Possibility. (2016)
關(guān)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，建議關(guān)注should除了“應(yīng)該”外，還常表示“竟然”和“萬(wàn)一”; shall可以用在第二、三人稱后表命令、要求、規(guī)定和意愿;Shall we是提出suggestion，而Shall I...是提出offer;must表肯定的推測(cè)，can not表否定的推測(cè)。
2018專四語(yǔ)言知識(shí)必考五類語(yǔ)法知識(shí)之句法成分和語(yǔ)法概念
自2010年起，每年都會(huì)有幾個(gè)題考察某個(gè)劃線部分/斜體部分在句子中的所做的成分或者相互關(guān)系，所以考生要熟悉一些語(yǔ)法術(shù)語(yǔ)的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)，如subject，predicate，object，appositive，complement， adverbial of condition / concession / time，dynamic verb，stative verb，reflexive pronouns等。
例如：
Which of the following italicized parts indicates a predicate-object relationship? (2014)
A. He was reading Mary's letter in the room.
B. You can buy men's shoes in this shop.
C. Mrs. Blake's passport was lost.
D. The enemy's defeat brought the war to an end.
Which of the following italicized parts indicates a subject-verb relation? (2015)
A. The man has a large family to support.
B. She had no wish to quarrel with her brother.
C. He was the last guest to leave.
D. Mary needs a friend to talk to.
Which of the following is a stative verb? (2015)
A. drink B. close
C. rain D. belong
2018專四語(yǔ)言知識(shí)必考語(yǔ)法知識(shí)之限定詞
限定詞(determiners)也成為考察的熱點(diǎn)，each，all, half，both，such，other，another，few，many，a bit等都在近年考題中出現(xiàn)。這些詞看司空見(jiàn)慣，但是對(duì)它們?cè)诰渥又械奈恢煤褪褂玫臏?zhǔn)確度，考生們?nèi)杂胁辉鷮?shí)之處。
小結(jié)
語(yǔ)法部分無(wú)外乎虛擬語(yǔ)氣、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、主謂一致、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、反義疑問(wèn)句、限定詞、時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)、倒裝、各類從句、比較結(jié)構(gòu)等十來(lái)個(gè)方面。上面五點(diǎn)是考試中出現(xiàn)頻率較高，甚至每年必考的內(nèi)容。其他幾方面，考生可以仿照上面的方式，梳理近十年的考題，以點(diǎn)帶面，以題促練，進(jìn)行考前強(qiáng)化。
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