PETS基本語法解析

時(shí)間：2023-03-08 00:42:35 公共英語我要投稿

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PETS基本語法解析

　　2016年公共英語下半年的考試越來越近了,PETS語法占到了很大比重。而各位考生由于很久未系統(tǒng)的復(fù)習(xí)英語，常常對(duì)考試中出現(xiàn)的語法題目感到很“苦手”。下面yjbys網(wǎng)小編TS常見的一些語法問題進(jìn)行一下解析，希望能對(duì)考生應(yīng)付這些題目有所幫助。

　　一、倒裝句之全部倒裝

　　全部倒裝是只將句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞全部置于主語之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有：

　　1) here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置于句首, 謂語動(dòng)詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。

　　There goes the bell.

　　Then came the chairman.

　　Here is your letter.

　　2) 表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語置于句首，謂語表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞。

　　Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.

　　Ahead sat an old woman.

　　注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。例如：Here he comes. Away they went.

　　二、倒裝句之部分倒裝

　　部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語之前。

　　1) 句首為否定或半否定的詞語，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。

　　Never have I seen such a performance. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

　　當(dāng)Not until引出主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。

　　注意：如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。

　　I have never seen such a performance.

　　The mother didn’t leave the room until the child fell asleep.

　　典型例題

　　1) Why can’t I smoke here? At no time___ in the meeting-room

　　A. is smoking permittedB. smoking is permitted

　　C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit

　　答案A。這是一個(gè)倒裝問題。當(dāng)否定詞語置于句首以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，其句中的主謂須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。這些否定詞包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本題的正常語序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.

　　2) Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.

　　A. man did know B. man know C. didn’t man know D. did man know

　　答案 D�？吹絅ot until…的句型，我們?cè)贑，D 中選一個(gè)。改寫為正常語序?yàn)�，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 現(xiàn)在將not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否則意思就變了。

　　三、以否定詞開頭作部分倒裝

　　如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than

　　Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.

　　Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.

　　No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.

　　典型例題

　　No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.

　　A. the game began B. has the game begun

　　C. did the game begin D. had the game begun

　　答案D。以具有否定意義的副詞放在句首時(shí)，一般采用倒裝句(謂語前置)。這類表示否定意義的詞有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等。

　　注意：只有當(dāng)Not only… but also連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，才在第一個(gè)分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果置于句首的Not only… but also僅連接兩個(gè)并列詞語，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　Not only you but also I am fond of music.

　　四、so, neither, nor作部分倒裝

　　表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒裝。

　　Tom can speak French. So can Jack.

　　If you won’t go, neither will I.

　　典型例題

　　---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?---I don’t know, _____.

　　A. nor don’t I care B. nor do I care C. I don’t care neither D. I don’t care also

　　答案：B.nor為增補(bǔ)意思"也不關(guān)心"，因此句子應(yīng)倒裝。A錯(cuò)在用 don’t 再次否定， C neither 用法不對(duì)且缺乏連詞。 D缺乏連詞。

　　注意：當(dāng)so引出的句子用以對(duì)上文內(nèi)加以證實(shí)或肯定可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。意為"的確如此"。

　　Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.