公共英語考試重點(diǎn)語法知識

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2023年公共英語考試重點(diǎn)語法知識

　　在平日的學(xué)習(xí)中，大家都沒少背知識點(diǎn)吧？知識點(diǎn)有時候特指教科書上或考試的知識。為了幫助大家掌握重要知識點(diǎn)，下面是小編精心整理的2023年公共英語考試重點(diǎn)語法知識，僅供參考，希望能夠幫助到大家。

2023年公共英語考試重點(diǎn)語法知識

　　公共英語考試重點(diǎn)語法知識1

　　一、謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義

　　1　　英語中有很多動詞如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時，常用其主動形式表達(dá)被動意義,主語通常是物。

　　例 This kind of cloth washes well.

　　注意：主動語態(tài)表被動強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語的特征，而被動語態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。

　　試比較：The door won't lock.(指門本身有毛病)

　　The door won't be locked. (指不會有人來鎖門, 指“門沒有鎖”是人的原因)

　　2　　表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動詞和短語，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主動形式表示被動意義。

　　例 How do the newspapers come out? 這些報紙是如何引出來的呢?

　　3　　系動詞沒有被動形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動形式表示被動意義。

　　例Your reason sounds reasonable.

　　二、非謂語動詞(動名詞、不定式)的主動形式表被動意義

　　1　　請?jiān)趎eed，want，require, bear等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動詞不定式的'被動形式。

　　例The house needs repairing(to be repaired).這房子需要修理。

　　2　　形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，但不能跟動詞不定式;而worthy后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。

　　例The picture-book is well worth reading.(=The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)

　　3　　動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動賓關(guān)系時，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系, 不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。

　　例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. (to do與things是動賓關(guān)系，與I是主謂關(guān)系。)

　　試比較：I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此處用不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語表明you不是post動作的執(zhí)行者。)

　　4　　在某些“形容詞+不定式”做表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語或賓語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時，這時常用不定式的主動形式表達(dá)被動意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。

　　例This problem is difficult to work out .(可看作to work out省略了for me).

　　5　　在too… to…結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應(yīng)用主動形式表示被動意義。

　　例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.

　　6　　在there be…句型中，當(dāng)動詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時，不定式用主動式作定語，重點(diǎn)在人，用被動形式作定語，重點(diǎn)在物。

　　例There is no time to lose(to be lost).(用 to lose可看成for us to lose;用to be lost，誰 lost

　　time不明確。)

　　7　　在be to do結(jié)構(gòu)中的一些不定式通常應(yīng)用主動表主動, 被動表被動。然而,由于古英語的影響,下列動詞rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。

　　例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?

　　三、介詞in, on, under等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語表被動意義(表示方位的介詞與含動作意義的名詞合用，含被動之義，其意義相當(dāng)于該名詞相應(yīng)動詞的被動形式，名詞前一般不用冠詞)

　　1　　“under +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“某事在進(jìn)行中”。常見的有：

　　under control(受控制),

　　underconstruction(在施工中),

　　例：The building is under construction( is being constructed).

　　2　　“beyond+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“出乎……勝過……、范圍、限度”。常見的有：beyond belief (令人難以置信)， beyond one’s reach(鞭長莫及)，

　　例The rumour is beyond belief(=can’t be believed).

　　3　　“above+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu), 表示“(品質(zhì)、行為、能力等) 超過……、高于……”。

　　例His honest character is above all praise.=His honest character cannot be praised enough.

　　4　　“for+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示 “適于……、為著……”。如：for sale(出售), for rent(出租)等。

　　例That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold).

　　5　　“in+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu) ，表示“在……過程中或范圍內(nèi)”常見的有：in print(在印刷中)，in sight(在視野范圍內(nèi))，等。

　　例The book is not yet in print.(=is not yet printed)

　　6　　“on+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu), 表示“在從事…… 中”。常見的有：on sale(出售)，on show(展出), on trial(受審)。

　　例Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed).

　　7　　“out of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu) ; 表示 “超出…… 之外“，常見的有：out of control (控制不了) ，out of sight (超出視線之外)，out of one’s reach (夠不著), out of fashion (不流行) 等。

　　例 The plane was out of control (can’t be controlled)

　　8　　“within+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“在……內(nèi)、不超過……”。

　　例 He took two days off within the teacher's permission

　　公共英語考試重點(diǎn)語法知識2

　　動詞不定式：to +動詞原形+sth

　　做主語的時候：

　　It is good to study English well學(xué)習(xí)英語好是很好的'事情=To study English well is good

　　做賓語的時候：動詞詞組：動詞+to do sth

　　I want to do housework我想要做家務(wù)

　　做補(bǔ)語的時候：

　　I ask you to do homework我叫你去寫作業(yè)

　　I believe it good to learn English well我相信學(xué)好英語是很好的

　　I think it good to learn English well我認(rèn)為學(xué)好英語是很好的

　　I find it good to learn English well我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語是很好的

　　I discover it good to learn English well我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語是很好

　　I feel it good to learn English well我感覺學(xué)好英語是很好的

　　I make it good to learn English well我使得學(xué)好英語是很好的

　　公共英語考試重點(diǎn)語法知識3

　　英語中過去分詞可作賓補(bǔ)，(此時的過去分詞一般是及物動詞)表被動意義或完成意義，有時兩者兼而有之。做賓補(bǔ)的過去分詞與賓語有邏輯上的'動賓關(guān)系，即賓語是過去分詞動作的對象。如：

　　She found the door broken in when she came back.(賓補(bǔ)與賓語有被動的關(guān)系，表一種狀態(tài)。)

　　一、過去分詞用在表狀態(tài)的動詞keep,leave等的后面。

　　Eg:They kept the door locked for a long time.

　　Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.(諺語：少說多看)

　　Don't leave such an important thing undone.

　　Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time.

　　二、過分詞用在get,have,make,的后面。

　　1.注意“have +賓語+過去分詞”的兩種情況：

　　A)表"讓某人做某事/讓某事(被人)做"

　　eg: I have had my bike repaired.

　　The villagers had many trees planted just then.

　　B)表"遭遇到某種不幸，受到打擊/受....影響，蒙受.....損失"

　　Eg:I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.

　　The old man had his leg broken in the accident.

　　He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.(MET1986)

　　2."make+賓語+過去分詞",在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞的動詞必須是表示結(jié)果含義的。如：

　　They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English.

　　I raised my voice to make myself heard.

　　三、過去分詞用在感觀動詞watch,notice,see,hear,listen to ,feel,find等后面。如

　　When we got to school,we saw the door locked.

　　We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.

　　He felt himself cheated.

　　The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.(NMET2000)

　　四、過去分詞用在want,wish,like ,expect等表示“希望，愿望”這一類動詞后面做賓補(bǔ)。如

　　The boss wouldn't like the problem discussed at the moment.

　　I would like my house painted white.

　　I want the suit made to his own measure.

　　I wish the problem settled.

　　公共英語考試重點(diǎn)語法知識4

　　倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)

　　學(xué)生容易混淆的是全部倒裝與部分倒裝.如何區(qū)分之,編個順口溜：副(adv.)介(prep.)提前全倒裝,其它句式部分倒;否定提前倒助動,讓步狀語倒表語;復(fù)合句式倒主句,不

　　倒裝的屬特殊.下面舉例說明：

　　A、Here comes the bus.(副詞提前,全倒裝)

　　B、Here he comes.(代詞作主語,不倒裝)

　　C、In front of the house lies a garden.(介詞短語提前,全倒裝)

　　D、Never shall I do this again.(否定詞提前,部分倒裝)

　　E、Young as he is ,he knows a lot.(讓步狀語從句,表語倒裝)

　　F、Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.(only修飾狀語,主句倒裝)

　　G、Only he can save the patient.(only修飾主語.不倒裝)

　　H、Not only will help be given to people,but also medical treatment will be provided.(否定詞提前,部分倒裝)

　　I、Not only he but also we like sports.(連接兩個主語,不倒裝)

　　虛擬語氣

　　虛擬語氣也是一個難點(diǎn).所謂虛擬語氣是表示說話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測或建議,而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí).它通過句子的`謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示.現(xiàn)歸納如下：純假設(shè),用虛擬,動詞時態(tài)退一級：條件句,分主從,主句謂語前加would (should,could,might);表愿望,用虛擬,wish后面接賓語(從句)：現(xiàn)在過去與將來,動詞時態(tài)退一級：提建議,用虛擬,賓語(從句)動詞用(should)do：倆建議,三要求,再加堅(jiān)持與命令(suggest,advise,demand,require,request,insist,order)：It is time和eoukd rather,后接叢句用虛擬：部分主語從句中,謂語用虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)(It is necessry /important/natural/natural/strange/strange that……should do).下面舉例說明：

　　A、If you came tomorrow,we would have the metting. (條件句虛擬)

　　B、Without air,there would be no living things.(同上)

　　C、We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.(表示愿望虛擬)

　　D、He demanded that we (should)start right away.(表示建議虛擬)

　　E、It is(high)time that we left (should leave)now.(特殊從句虛擬)

　　F、I would rather you gave me the book.(同上)

　　G、It is necessary that we should clean the room everyday,(主語從句虛擬)

　　H、He speaks English so fluently as if he were English. (特殊從句虛擬)

　　公共英語考試重點(diǎn)語法知識5

　　一、狀語從句的一些引導(dǎo)詞需要著重注意

　　1.before: …before I could say a word./It may be some time before the situation improves How long it’ll be before I can go back to work? 2.when: It was six o’clock when they arrived at the hotel. 3.since: It’s three years since I smoked. 4.as: Great as the difficulty was,../Much as I admire,…

　　5.where: They notice that plants don’t grow well where there is much shade. My doctor advised me to live where the air is fresher. 6.主將從現(xiàn)：

　　I can when my headache disappear thoroughly. If you go, so will I.

　　二、時態(tài)和語態(tài)是很重要的.考點(diǎn)

　　have been painting all day/be always doing/I did lock it/will still be sleeping/will have left The papers are still being corrected/It is being served in the dining room.

　　三、注意情態(tài)動詞對過去表示推測的用法

　　比如，couldn’t have done/might have done/needn’t have done/should/ought to have done特別是shall的用法: No student shall go out of school without the teacher’s permission. Tell him that he shall have the wonderful book tomorrow afternoon. It is the rule that every driver shall obey in this city. Shall I/he book a table?請別忽視某些情態(tài)動詞的特殊含義，如：

　　must : If you must know her name, her name is Mabel. would: When I was young, I would sit under the old tree listening to grandpa tell me stories. should: It’s strange that Tom, the most excellent student in our grade should fail in the exam. may: May you succeed!/May you be happy!