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雅思寫作中常見錯(cuò)誤
引導(dǎo)語:下面小編給大家整理了雅思作文寫作中的常見錯(cuò)誤,希望大家能夠引以為戒,謝謝您的閱讀。
一、句子不完整(sentence fragments)
在口語中,交際雙方可借助手勢語氣上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解.可是書面語就不同了,句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整會令意思表達(dá)不清,這種情況常常發(fā)生在主句寫完以后,筆者又想加些補(bǔ)充說明時(shí)發(fā)生.
二、不一致(disagreements)
所謂不一致不光指主謂不一致,它還包括了數(shù)的不一致 時(shí)態(tài)不一致及代詞不一 致等.
例1. when one have money ,he can do what he want to .
(人一旦有了錢,他就能想干什么就干什么.)
剖析:one是單數(shù)第三人稱,因而本句的have應(yīng)改為has ;同理,want應(yīng)改為wants.本句是典型的主謂不一致.
改為: once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do)
三、修飾語錯(cuò)位(misplaced modifiers)
英語與漢語不同,同一個(gè)修飾語置于句子不同的位置,句子的含義可能引起變化.對于這一點(diǎn)中國學(xué)生往往沒有引起足夠的重視,因而造成了不必要的誤解.例1. i believe i can do it well and i will better know the world outside the campus.
剖析:better位置不當(dāng),應(yīng)置于句末.
四、 指代不清(ambiguous reference of pronouns)
指代不清主要講的是代詞與被指代的人或物關(guān)系不清,或者先后所用的代詞不一致。試看下面這一句:
mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.
(瑪麗和我姐姐很要好,因?yàn)樗鏊陌槟铩?
讀完上面這一句話,讀者無法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰將結(jié)婚,誰將當(dāng)伴娘。如果我們把易于引起誤解的代詞的所指對象加以明確,意思就一目了然了。這個(gè)句子可改為:
mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.
例1. and we can also know the society by serving it yourself.
剖析:句中人稱代詞we 和反身代詞yourself指代不一致。改為:
we can also know society by serving it ourselves.
五、不間斷句子(run-on sentences)
什么叫run-on sentence?請看下面的例句。
例1. there are many ways we get to know the outside world.
剖析:這個(gè)句子包含了兩層完整的意思:“there are many ways.” 以及“we get to know the outside world.”。簡單地把它們連在一起就不妥當(dāng)了。
改為:
there are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或:
there are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world
六、措詞毛病(troubles in diction)
diction 是指在特定的句子中怎樣適當(dāng)?shù)剡x用詞語的問題,囿于教學(xué)時(shí)間緊迫,教師平時(shí)在這方面花的時(shí)間往往極其有限,影響了學(xué)生在寫作中沒有養(yǎng)成良好的推敲,斟酌的習(xí)慣。他們往往隨心所欲,拿來就用。所以作文中用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤比比皆是。
例1. the increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.
(農(nóng)業(yè)方面化學(xué)物質(zhì)使用的不斷增加也造成了污染。)
剖析:顯然,考生把obstacles“障礙”,“障礙物”誤作substance“物質(zhì)”了。另外“the increasing use (不斷增加的使用)” 應(yīng)改為“abusive use (濫用)”。
改為:
the abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.
七、累贅(redundancy)
言以簡潔為貴。寫句子沒有一個(gè)多余的詞;寫段落沒有一個(gè)無必要的句子。能用單詞的不用詞組;能用詞組的不用從句或句子。如:
in spite of the fact that he is lazy, i like him.
本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同謂語從句,我們按照上述“能用詞組的不用從句”可以改為:in spite of his laziness, i like him.
例1. for the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.
剖析:整個(gè)句子可以大大簡化。
改為:
diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.
八、不連貫(incoherence)
不連貫是指一個(gè)句子前言不對后語,或是結(jié)構(gòu)上不暢通。這也是考生常犯的毛病。
例1. the fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth.
剖析:the fresh water 與逗號后的it 不連貫。it 與things 在數(shù)方面不一致。
改為:
fresh water is the most important thing in the world.
九、 綜合性語言錯(cuò)誤(comprehensive misusage)
所謂“綜合性語言錯(cuò)誤”,是指除了上述十種錯(cuò)誤以外,還有諸如時(shí)態(tài),語態(tài),標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號,大小寫等方面的錯(cuò)誤。
例1.today, money to everybody is very importance, our’s eat, cloth, live, go etc.
例1. there are many ways to know the society. for example by tv ,radio ,newspaper and so on .
剖析:本句后半部分"for example by tv ,radio ,newspaper and so on .”不是一個(gè)完整的句子,僅為一些不連貫的詞語,不能獨(dú)立成句.
改為:there are many ways to know society ,for example ,by tv ,radio ,and newspaper.
十、懸垂修飾語(dangling modifiers)
所謂懸垂修飾語是指句首的短語與后面句子的邏輯關(guān)系混亂不清.例如:at the age of ten, my grandfather died. 這句中"at the age of ten"只點(diǎn)出十歲時(shí),但沒有說明” 誰”十歲時(shí).按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我們把這個(gè)懸垂修飾語改明確一點(diǎn),全句就不那么費(fèi)解了.
改為:
when i was ten, my grandfather died.
例1. to do well in college, good grades are essential.
剖析:句中不定式短語 “to do well in college” 的邏輯主語不清楚.
改為:
to do well in college, a student needs good grades.
十一、詞性誤用(misuse of parts of speech)
“詞性誤用”常表現(xiàn)為:介詞當(dāng)動詞用;形容詞當(dāng)副詞用;名詞當(dāng)動詞用等.
例1. none can negative the importance of money.
剖析:negative 系形容詞,誤作動詞。
改為:
none can deny the importance of money.
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