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雅思小作文Table寫作方法
雅思寫作要想取得理想的分?jǐn)?shù),小作文必須要快(控制在20分鐘以內(nèi))、準(zhǔn)(準(zhǔn)確且有邏輯地對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析)、穩(wěn)(穩(wěn)定地將分析好的數(shù)據(jù)表達(dá)出來(lái))地完成。以下是小編整理的關(guān)于雅思小作文Table寫作技巧,希望大家認(rèn)真閱讀!~
文章形成之初,考生內(nèi)心須生出框架,作為整個(gè)文章的支撐。我們將180字的小作文(官方要求數(shù)據(jù)為150字)分為三個(gè)部分(當(dāng)然并不等于三個(gè)段落):Introduction, Main body and Conclusion。
1). Introduction
首段為介紹段,需要告訴考官整個(gè)文章的內(nèi)容,是關(guān)于什么樣的數(shù)據(jù)的表格題,而題目恰恰是告訴我們這個(gè)內(nèi)容的,所以最為節(jié)約時(shí)間且正確的寫作方法就是對(duì)題目進(jìn)行paraphrase。
表格圖可以分為兩種題型:一靜態(tài)圖,僅對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行表述,不涉及數(shù)據(jù)的變化,以C4T1為例:
TEST1:The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in Australia in 1999. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting t he mainfeatures,and make comparisons wherere levant.
此題僅對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)特征進(jìn)行描述,不包含動(dòng)態(tài)變化過(guò)程,所以在對(duì)題目進(jìn)行改寫時(shí)中心詞為百分比:proportion, percentage, rate andbreakdown。改寫包含兩部分:同義詞替換和句式改寫,目標(biāo)為不能錯(cuò)過(guò)信息點(diǎn),需要所有的信息點(diǎn)完整。以下為改寫后的題目:
The table chart reveals the breakdown of different kinds ofimpoverished families in Australia in 1999.
另一種為數(shù)據(jù)變化圖,涉及數(shù)據(jù)的改變,以C10T2為例:
TEST2: The table below gives information about sales ofFairtrade-labelled coffee and bananas in 1999 and 2004 in five Europeancountries. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the mainfeatures, and make comparisons where relevant.
此題目涉及數(shù)據(jù)變化,為動(dòng)態(tài)表格,所以對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行描寫時(shí)中心詞為change,改寫依然包括同義詞替換和句式改寫,當(dāng)然信息點(diǎn)不可缺少。以下為改寫后的題目:
The charts reveal the change in theamount of Fairtrade-labelled coffee and bananas sold in 5 European countriesduring the period from 1999 to 2004.
2). Main body
主體部分需要對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行邏輯分析,并不僅僅是對(duì)考官羅列的數(shù)據(jù)完全描述。針對(duì)于第一種情況,由于不涉及數(shù)據(jù)的變化,我們只需對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分類,在分好的類別內(nèi)進(jìn)行對(duì)比比較描寫就好。分類的第一步為排序,可根據(jù)需要按照從小到大或從大到小的順序進(jìn)行,若有平均值,則平均值為切入點(diǎn)。若是圖表當(dāng)中給予過(guò)多數(shù)據(jù),則須選取主要信息進(jìn)行描寫,主要信息包含:最大值、最小值、特殊關(guān)系的值(half,double, triple and fourfold)。
第一類:以C4T1為例,如上圖,本表格最后一行為allhouseholds, 所有的家庭類別,此為平均值,所以11%為我們的切入點(diǎn)。按照從大到小的順序?qū)⒄麄(gè)表格的數(shù)據(jù)排列出來(lái)為:
sole parent; single, no children
couple with children, couple without children
single aged person, aged couple
根據(jù)排列好的數(shù)據(jù),自然而然就將數(shù)據(jù)分成三部分進(jìn)行描述(主體部分為三個(gè)段落)。
第二類:以C10T2為例,涉及數(shù)據(jù)變化量
如上圖,本題共有兩個(gè)圖表,則每個(gè)圖表為主體部分的一個(gè)段落。如果按照以上思路,先就每一列進(jìn)行排序描寫,則一個(gè)圖中的5個(gè)國(guó)家都要進(jìn)行兩遍描寫,太過(guò)重復(fù),所以針對(duì)于有數(shù)據(jù)變化的表格,可就變化量從大到小進(jìn)行排序,則兩個(gè)表格分別排序如下:
第一個(gè)Table:
UK |
Switzerland |
Denmark, Sweden |
Belgium |
第二個(gè)Table:
Switzerland, UK | Belgium(上升) |
Sweden | Denmark(下降) |
排序后分類明顯,圖一根據(jù)變化量的多少可分為四個(gè)類別,而圖二根據(jù)上升或下降自然而然分為兩類,這些分類決定了段落句子與句子之間的構(gòu)成。此為主體部分的分析部分,不同的表格題型采取不同的分析方法。
3). Conclusion
結(jié)尾段為總結(jié)總體特征,依然以兩種表格為例。
C4T1不涉及數(shù)據(jù)變化,可以只總結(jié)總體特征,比如說(shuō)所占比最大的是誰(shuí),比例最少的是哪個(gè)單項(xiàng),或者將各項(xiàng)分類進(jìn)行對(duì)比。
那么本題我們可如此總結(jié):
Overall,the table suggests that households of single adult and those with children weremore likely to be living in poverty than those consisting of couples.
C10T2因涉及數(shù)據(jù)變化,且有兩個(gè)圖表,總結(jié)段就需總結(jié)總體特征,即圖一和圖二之間的關(guān)系,本題可如此總結(jié):
Overall,it is clear that sales figures for both products had risen across the board,except for Sweden and Denmark which recorded drops in banana sales during the 5years.
以上為文章的框架,有了框架的支撐才能準(zhǔn)確穩(wěn)定地往里填充內(nèi)容。而從改寫完題目到分析完數(shù)據(jù),大概花費(fèi)考生4~5分鐘的時(shí)間。接下來(lái),就是將分析好的數(shù)據(jù)用比較地道的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)出來(lái)。
內(nèi)容填充先從句式開(kāi)始。C4T1因不涉及數(shù)據(jù)變化,在表達(dá)時(shí)通常先說(shuō)明特征,再列舉數(shù)據(jù):
Couplesgenerally tended to be better off, with lower poverty level for couples withoutchildren(7%) than those with children (12%).Older people were generally less likelyto be poor, though once again the trend favored elderly couples(only 4%) ratherthan single elderly people(6%).
以上兩個(gè)句子,雖然都包含特征和數(shù)據(jù)兩種信息,但卻是兩種句式:簡(jiǎn)單句和復(fù)合句。
而數(shù)據(jù)列舉經(jīng)常運(yùn)用的句式還包括:
1). It做形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句:It is noticeable that for both types ofcouples with children,a higher than average proportion were living in povertyat this time.
2).Than用來(lái)表對(duì)比:
Householdsof single adult and those with children were more likely to be living inpoverty than those consisting of couples.
C10T2因涉及數(shù)據(jù)變化及數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比,常用的為4大句式:
The sales of coffee in UK increasedfrom 1.5 million euros in t999 to 20 million in 2004. The UK experienced anincrease in the sales of coffee from 1.5 millioneuros in 1999 to 20 million in2004.The 5 years witnessed an increase in the sales of coffee from 1.5 millioneuros in 1999 to 20 millionin 2004.There was an increase in the sales of coffeefrom 1.5 millioneuros in 1999 to 20 millionin 2004.
除了此常用句式之外,還有表示對(duì)比比較的句式:
Intwo places sales increased by the same small amount: 1.8~2 million euros inDenmark, and 0.8-1 million in Sweden.The increment was slightly larger inBelgium, from 1~1.7 million euros.
以上為常用句式。在句子與句子之間,段落與段落之間加上適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞,讓句子之間的關(guān)系更加明確,段落與段落聯(lián)系得更加緊密,這便是一篇符合官方評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的文章了,而整篇文章的表達(dá)時(shí)間要控制在15分鐘之內(nèi),這樣考生才可在20分鐘內(nèi)完成一篇邏輯清晰、表達(dá)地道的小作文。
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