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雅思英語閱讀材料帶中文
雅思考試作為全球留學及移民類英語測評的領(lǐng)導者，每年有超過200萬人次的考生參加雅思考試。為了幫助大家備考雅思，小編分享了一些帶中文翻譯的英語閱讀材料，歡迎閱讀!
巖石
All rocks are not the same, even though many of them look alike. There are three main types or classes of rock: sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous. The differences between each of the rocks have to do with how they are formed. This is what determines the type of rock it is.
所有的石頭是不一樣的，盡管其中許多看起來一樣。主要有三種類型的巖石：沉積巖，變質(zhì)巖，火成巖。每個巖石之間的差異主要在于它們不同的形成方式。而如何形成也決定了巖石的類型。
The first type of rock is sedimentary. A sedimentary rock is formed from particles of sand, shells, pebbles, and other pieces of material. All of these particles together make up sediment. Sediment is the result of material broken down by weathering or erosion.
第一種類型的巖石是沉積巖。沉積巖形成于沙礫，貝殼，鵝卵石，或其他的物質(zhì)的細小顆粒。所有這些顆粒共同組成了沉積巖。沉積巖是風化和侵蝕分解的結(jié)果。
Slowly, the sediment accumulates in layers and over a long period of time it will harden into rock. Sedimentary rock, usually, is fairly soft and may break apart very easily or crumble into pieces. If sedimentary rock is broken apart inside is sand, pebbles, or stones in the rock. Sedimentary rock is usually the only type of rock that also contains fossils. Fossils are the remains of once living animals or plants usually from long ago.
沉積物緩慢的層層聚積，長時間后就會硬化成巖石。沉積巖通常是相當柔軟，很容易掰開或是破碎成片。沉積巖破裂，巖石內(nèi)部是沙子，卵石。通常情況下，沉積巖是唯一含有化石的巖石。化石通常是指很久很久以前曾經(jīng)有生命的動物或植物的遺跡。
Examples of sedimentary rock types include limestone, shale, and sandstone.
沉積巖包括石灰?guī)r，頁巖和砂巖。
The second type of rock is metamorphic. A metamorphic rock is formed under the surface of the earth from the change that takes place because of intense heat or pressure. In nature, it takes millions of years for a metamorphic rock to be formed. The rocks that result from this very long process often has ribbon-like layers and many shiny crystals. The crystals are formed by minerals which grow slowly over time on the surface of the rock.
第二種類型的巖石是變質(zhì)巖。變質(zhì)巖是在高溫或強壓導致的地形變化的地表形成。自然界形成一顆變質(zhì)巖需要上百萬年。從這個漫長的過程導致巖石常呈帶狀并含有許多有光澤的晶體。該晶體由隨時間緩慢增長在巖石表面的礦物形成。
Examples of metamorphic rock types include gneiss, marble, slate, and quartzite.
變質(zhì)巖類型的例子包括片麻巖，大理石，板巖，石英巖。
The third type of rock is igneous. Igneous rocks form when magma cools and hardens. Magma is the molten rock deep within the earth. The same material inside a volcano. Sometimes this magma, though, cools inside the earth. At other times it will erupt onto the surface from a volcano. When magma leaves the volcano it is called lava.
第三類巖石是火成巖。巖漿冷卻變硬形成火成巖。巖漿是地球內(nèi)部深處的熔巖。與火山內(nèi)的物質(zhì)相同。有時，這種巖漿在地球內(nèi)部就冷卻了。而在其他時候，它會爆發(fā)到從火山表面。當巖漿離開火山它被稱為巖漿。
When this lava cools very quickly, no crystals form and the rock will look shiny and glasslike. Sometime there are gas bubbles trapped inside the rock during the cooling process of the magma. If this occurred there will be tiny holes and spaces left in the rock.
當熔巖快速冷卻，無結(jié)晶形成，巖石便看起來有光澤，呈玻璃狀。有時巖漿在冷卻過程中殘留了氣泡。如果發(fā)生這種情況，巖石上會有微小的孔和縫隙。
Examples of igneous rock types include basalt, obsidian, pumice, and granite.
火成巖類型的例子包括玄武巖，黑曜巖，浮石，和花崗巖。
In summary, even though many rocks may look alike, there are three types of rocks with different characteristics. The three types of rocks are sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous. Sedimentary are form from sediments that may include particles of sand, pebbles, or other stones. Fossils may also be found in sedimentary rock. Metamorphic rock takes millions of years to form and is formed by intense heat and pressure. They often are ribbon-like and contain shiny crystals. The last type is igneous rock, which forms when magma cools and hardens deep inside the earth. Magma is the same material inside of a volcano. All three rock types can be found in many places. Some examples of each include limestone, marble, and granite. Rocks are definitely not all the same.
盡管許多巖石可能看起來很相像，但是有具有不同的特點三種類型的巖石。這三種類型的巖石是沉積巖，變質(zhì)巖，火成巖。沉積巖形成于沙礫，貝殼，鵝卵石，或其他的物質(zhì)的細小顆粒。沉積巖中也能找到化石。變質(zhì)巖的形成需數(shù)百萬年，源于高溫或強壓。它們往往是帶狀，并含有有光澤的晶體。最后一類是火成巖，地球內(nèi)部深處的巖漿冷卻和固化形成火成巖。它與火山內(nèi)部的物質(zhì)相同。所有這三種類型的巖石可以在很多地方找到。舉個這幾種巖石的例子：石灰?guī)r，大理石和花崗巖。巖石是絕對不一樣的。
蜥蜴
Lizards are members of the reptile family. Other members are snakes, turtles, crocodiles and alligators. Lizards have several things in common with other reptiles. All reptiles are cold-blooded. They cannot control their own body temperature. It is controlled by their surroundings. Lizards must work to maintain their temperature. Another characteristic which lizards have in common with all reptiles is that their skin is made of scales.
蜥蜴是爬行動物的一員。爬行動物還包括蛇，龜，鱷魚和短吻鱷。蜥蜴與其他爬行動物有幾個共同點。所有的爬行動物是冷血的。他們無法控制自己的體溫。他們的體溫由他們所處的環(huán)境決定。蜥蜴必須努力保持其溫度。而蜥蜴與所有爬行動物的另一個共同點是他們的皮膚是由鱗片組成。
Lizards shed their skin frequently because the skin doesn't grow with them. They have lungs and breathe like humans. They breathe through nostrils above their mouths. They have a special organ on the roof of their mouth. It is a Jacobson's organ. Lizards smell with this. They pick up the smells with their tongues. The smells travel to the Jacobson's organ. Lizards can sense prey this way. Their eyes and ears are located on either side of their heads.
蜥蜴常常蛻皮是因為他們的皮膚不跟隨他們自生成長。他們有肺，像人類一樣呼吸。他們通過其嘴巴上面鼻孔呼吸。他們口腔上部有一個特殊的器官，被稱為雅各布遜氏器。蜥蜴通過這個器官聞到氣味。他們用舌頭感知氣味，隨后氣味傳遞到雅各布遜氏器。蜥蜴也能通過這種方式感知獵物。他們的眼睛和耳朵位于頭的兩側(cè)。
Lizards have a simple body shape. They have a head, a pair of legs, a long body, another pair of legs and a tail. Their tails can help them balance, swim, or grab tree branches. Some lizards use their tails as a weapon. They can also wiggle away from a predator which grabs their tail. Certain muscles will cause it to fall off, but the tail still moves. The predator watches the tail, and the lizards can escape. Then lizards can grow a new tail. Lizards range in size from one and one-half inches long to seven and one-half feet. The Komodo dragon is the biggest lizard. The Komodo dragons live in Indonesia. The smallest lizards live in the British Virgin Islands.
蜥蜴的體型十分簡單。他們有一個頭，一雙腿，一個修長的身體，另一對腿和一根尾巴。它們的尾巴能幫助他們平衡，游泳，或抓住樹枝。有些蜥蜴用它們的尾巴作為武器。當捕食者抓住他們尾巴的時候，他們可以通過扭動尾巴進而逃跑。而某些肌肉會使尾巴脫落，但脫落的尾巴卻仍然是活動的。使捕食者盯著蜥蜴的尾巴，蜥蜴便得以逃脫。不久后蜥蜴就長出新的尾巴。蜥蜴的體型從七又二分之一英尺到一又二分英寸不等�？颇嗑掾崾亲畲蟮尿狎��？颇嗑掾嵘钤谟《饶嵛鱽啞Ｗ钚〉尿狎嫔钤谟倬S爾京群島。
Lizards can be found on every continent except Antarctica. Many live in tropical rain forests. Food is plentiful for them there. The hot damp climate allows them to maintain their body temperatures. They can be found also in deserts and other hot, dry areas. Many of the desert lizards are nocturnal. They come out in the cooler evening. Very hot weather is not good for them. Lizards that live in cold climates hibernate through the winter. Their bodies can't tolerate the cold temperatures. Also, food is not as readily available in the winter.
除南極洲以外，各大洲都有蜥蜴的蹤跡。許多生活在熱帶雨林。那里有豐盛的食物。炎熱潮濕的氣候使他們能夠保持自己的體溫。在沙漠等炎熱干燥的地方也有它們的身影。許多沙漠蜥蜴是夜間活動。他們在涼爽的傍晚出來。他們無法適應炎熱的天氣。生活在寒冷的氣候下的蜥蜴通過冬眠越冬。他們的身體不能耐受寒冷的氣溫。另外，在冬天食物并不容易獲得。
Some lizards are carnivores and some are herbivores. Large carnivores like the Komodo dragon will eat anything they can find. They need a lot of food so will hunt bigger prey, like deer and cattle. Gila monsters are also rather large lizards. They usually look for baby birds and mice. They bite their prey. Poison flows from their mouths into the wound. Gila monsters are the only venomous lizards in the United States. Smaller carnivores eat insects, other lizards and small animals. Herbivores eat leaves, fruit, flowers and other plants. They can more easily obtain food. They don't have to hunt or wait in hiding like the carnivores.
有些蜥蜴是食肉動物，有些是食草動物。像科莫多巨蜥大型食肉動物會吃任何可以找到的東西。他們需要大量的食物，所以會尋找更大的獵物，如鹿和牛。毒蜥也是相當大的蜥蜴。他們通常尋找雛鳥和老鼠。他們咬住獵物。毒液從他們口中流入獵物的傷口。毒蜥是美國境內(nèi)唯一有毒的蜥蜴。小型食肉蜥蜴吃昆蟲，其它蜥蜴等小動物。食草動物吃樹葉，水果，花卉等植物。他們更容易地獲取食物。他們不需要像食肉動物那樣去打獵或隱藏等待獵物。
Lizards are prey to birds, snakes, bears, raccoons, and coyotes. They try to avoid the predators by hiding underground or behind rocks during the day. At night they stay in a nice warm burrow under the ground.
蜥蜴是鳥，蛇，熊，浣熊和狼的獵物。他們試圖通過白天躲在地下或巖石后面來避免天敵。到了晚上，他們便會把自己埋在溫暖的地下洞穴。
In summary, lizards are members of the reptile family. Like reptiles, they are cold-blooded. Their temperature is controlled by their environment. They have to work at keeping their bodies at a comfortable temperature. Also, like reptiles, their skin is composed of scales.
蜥蜴是爬行族的成員。如同其他爬行動物，它們是冷血動物。它們的溫度是由他們的環(huán)境的控制。他們需要保持自己的身體合適的溫度。此外，如同其他爬行動物，它們的皮膚是由鱗片組成。
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