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GMAT邏輯推理錯(cuò)誤解析:評(píng)價(jià)題隱含條件
GMAT邏輯推理對(duì)很多同學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)都是一大難點(diǎn),只有掌握好GMAT邏輯技巧才能從容應(yīng)對(duì)GMAT邏輯題庫(kù)。
下面新東方網(wǎng)GMAT頻道為大家整理了GMAT邏輯推理錯(cuò)誤解析:評(píng)價(jià)篇,評(píng)價(jià)題作為GMAT邏輯推理的題型之一,其考察的方向同假設(shè)題類似,主要針對(duì)段落推理中的隱含假設(shè)(條件),通常評(píng)價(jià)題的考題思維分為兩種:Yes和No, 如果答案為Yes,那么我們就可以說(shuō),這個(gè)Yes回答是對(duì)段落推理過(guò)程的一種支持。如果答案為No, 則情況恰恰相反。很多情形下,評(píng)價(jià)題只是要求考生針對(duì)推理成立的隱含條件(假設(shè))來(lái)判定一個(gè)最優(yōu)選項(xiàng),因此做題的關(guān)鍵要看考生能否在段落推理中找到這個(gè)邏輯(隱含)假設(shè)。下面就讓我們來(lái)看一個(gè)實(shí)例分析:
The United States is not usually thought of as a nation of parakeet lovers. Yet in a census of parakeet owners in selected comparable countries, the United States ranked second, with eleven parakeet owners per hundred people. The conclusion can be drawn from this that people in the United States are more likely to own parakeets than are people in most other countries.
Knowledge of which of the following would be most useful in judging the accuracy of the conclusion?
(A) The number of parakeets in the United States.
(B) The number of parakeet owners in the United States
(C) The number of parakeet owners per hundred people in the country that ranked first in the census
(D) The number of parakeet owners in the United States compared to the numbers of owners of other pet birds in the United States
(E) The number of parakeet owners per hundred people in the countries not included in the census.
明確題意以后,我們首先需要明確那里是本題的結(jié)論與前提,本題結(jié)論的前提為“美國(guó)每一百人中擁有長(zhǎng)尾鸚鵡的人數(shù)在進(jìn)行比較的國(guó)家中處于第二位,結(jié)論為:相比較而言,美國(guó)人更加喜歡飼養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)尾鸚鵡。在由前提向結(jié)論的推理過(guò)程中,考生往往會(huì)忽略一點(diǎn),即結(jié)論中的most other countries除包括“selected comparable countries”還應(yīng)包括那些沒(méi)有進(jìn)行比較的國(guó)家,因此我們?cè)谂袛嘟Y(jié)論是否正確以前,還必須知道那些沒(méi)有參與過(guò)此調(diào)查的國(guó)家的狀況是怎樣的。所以E為正確選項(xiàng)。
總結(jié)本題,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生往往由于沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)確理解題意,導(dǎo)致了推理方向出現(xiàn)偏差,在推理推斷的過(guò)程中,不僅僅要求考生只是簡(jiǎn)單的讀懂文章而已,更重要的是應(yīng)能橫向與縱向?qū)壿嬵}所隱含的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析性思維,也只有通過(guò)不斷練習(xí),發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題并解決問(wèn)題,我們才能找適合自己的解題思路。
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