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Cisco路由的過濾命令
cisco路由器過濾命令是什么?怎樣配置呢?下面跟yjbys小編一起來學(xué)習(xí)一下吧!
(一) Route Maps
特性:
Route Maps類似于Access lists,不同之處在于Route Maps可以改變Packets/Routes的部分屬性。
用途:
Route Maps主要用于Redistribution和Policy Routing及BGP的實(shí)現(xiàn)。
實(shí)現(xiàn):
Policy Routing發(fā)送Packets到Route Maps實(shí)現(xiàn)策略路由轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)。
Redistribution發(fā)送Routes到Route Maps實(shí)現(xiàn)路由條目的過濾。
配置說明:
Route Maps假如沒有指定Action及Sequence Number屬性,默認(rèn):
Action: permit
Sequence Number: 10
且Sequence Number不會(huì)自動(dòng)增加。
即假如在使用Route Maps語句時(shí)不指定Sequence Number,則覆蓋Sequence Number為10的默認(rèn)條目。
Route Maps Deny Action:
Redistribution: 特定路由條目不會(huì)被重分布。
Policy Routing: 特定的Packets不會(huì)按策略路由轉(zhuǎn)發(fā),但會(huì)梗概正常的路由表?xiàng)l目轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)。
Case Study:Policy Routing
注:(1)Policy Routing只影響入流量。
(2)可以使用Standard及Extended ACL.
(3)全局配置ip local policy route-map sense可將策略路由應(yīng)用于Router本身發(fā)送的Packets.
<1> Standard ACL
interface Serial 0
ip address 172.16.5.1 255.255.255.0
ip policy route-map sense
!
access-list 1 permit 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 2 permit 172.16.7.0 0.0.0.255
!
route-map sense permit 10
match ip address 1
set ip next-hop 172.16.4.2
!
route-map sense permit 20
match ip address 2
set ip next-hop 172.16.4.3
<2> Extended ACL
interface Ethernet 0
ip address 172.16.1.4 255.255.255.0
ip policy route-map sense
!
access-list 105 permit tcp 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 eq FTP any
access-list 105 permit tcp 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 eq ftp-data any
access-list 106 permit tcp 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 eq telnet any
!
route-map sense permit 10
match ip address 105
set ip next-hop 172.16.2.1
!
route-map sense permit 20
match ip address 106
set ip next-hop 172.16.3.1
<3> Length of the Packets
interface Ethernet0
ip address 172.16.1.4 255.255.255.0
ip policy route-map sense
!
route-map sense permit 10
match length 1000 1600
set ip next-hop 172.16.2.1
!
route-map sense permit 20
match length 0 400
set ip next-hop 172.16.3.1
<4> Router's Packets
interface Ethernet0
ip address 172.16.1.4 255.255.255.0
ip policy route-map sense
!
ip local policy route-map sense
!
access-list 120 permit ip any 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 120 permit ospf any any
!
route-map sense permit 10
match ip address 120
!
route-map sense permit 20
match length 1000 1600
set ip next-hop 172.16.2.1
!
route-map sense permit 30
match length 0 400
set ip next-hop 172.16.3.1
注:假如沒有第一個(gè)route-map條目,router本身的Packets及OSPF的Packets都會(huì)由于后兩個(gè)route-map語句被轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到錯(cuò)誤的地址。
Case Study: Policy Routing and Quality of Service Routing
Policy Routing結(jié)合ip包頭的Precedence和Type of Service(TOS)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)基于QOS的策略路由。
注:Precedence和TOS的配置既可使用Number字段,也可以使用KeyWord.
set ip precedence
-------------------------------------
Bits Number Keyword
000 0 routine
001 1 priority
010 2 immediate
011 3 flash
100 4 flash-override
101 5 critical
110 6 internet
111 7 network
-------------------------------------
set ip tos
-------------------------------------
Bits Number Keyword
0000 0 normal
0001 1 min-monetary-cost
0010 2 max-reliability
0100 4 max-throughput
1000 8 min-delay
-------------------------------------
interface Serial0
ip address 10.1.18.67 255.255.255.252
ip policy route-map sense
!
interface Serial1
ip address 10.34.16.83.255.255.255.252
ip policy route-map sense
!
access-list 1 permit 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
access-list 110 permit tcp any eq www any
!
route-map sense permit 10
match ip address 1 110
set ip precedence critical
!
route-map sense permit 20
set ip tos 10
set ip precedence priority
Case Study: Route Tagging
用途:
用于雙向重分布時(shí)標(biāo)識(shí)特定Domain的路由,以防路由被重分布回起源Domain.
使用方案:
通告路由條目的邊緣Router在重分布時(shí)給路由條目加上Tag標(biāo)識(shí),做為Transit Network的Domain,不需要使用和識(shí)別Tag,僅僅需要將它傳遞到它的外部網(wǎng)絡(luò)即可。
路由協(xié)議相關(guān):
Support: RIPv2,EIGRP,IS-IS,OSPF,BGP
Not Support: RIPV1,IGRP
Packets Format:
RIPv2: 支持16-bit tags 表示為十進(jìn)制:0 ~ 65535
EIGRP external route TLVs: 支持32-bit tags 表示為十進(jìn)制:0 ~ 4294967295
OSPF type 5 LSAs: 支持32-bit tags 表示為十進(jìn)制:0 ~ 4294967295
配置實(shí)例:
router ospf 1
redistribute igrp 1 metric 10 subnets tag 1
redistribute rip metric 10 subnets route-map sense
network 10.100.200.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
!
router rip
network 10.0.0.0
!
router igrp 1
network 10.0.0.0
!
access-list 1 permit 10.1.2.3
access-list 2 permit 10.1.2.4
!
route-map sense permit 10
match ip route-source 1
set tag 2
!
route-map sense permit 20
match ip route-source 2
set tag 3
(二) Distribute-list
作用:
<1> 控制路由條目的分發(fā),及路由的重分布。
<2> 建立一個(gè)"route firewall"
關(guān)于路由協(xié)議: www.it165.net
Distance Vector Routing Protocol: Route Filtering可以控制其通告/接收的路由條目,及重分布的路由條目。
Link-State Routing Protocol: Route Filtering只可以控制其在重分布時(shí)的路由條目。
注: LS Routing Protocol的一個(gè)基本的要求就是在一個(gè)area內(nèi)所有Routers的Link State Database必須一致,所以假如Route Filtering能過濾掉LS Routing Protocol的LSA通告,就違反了LS Routing Protocol的規(guī)范。
Case Study: Filtering Specific Routes
router rip
version 2
network 192.168.75.0
distribute-list 1 in Serial1
!
ip classless
access 1 permit 0.0.0.0
Case Study: Route Filtering and Redistribution
注:
distribute-list 命令用于Link-State Routing Protocol時(shí):
與接口聯(lián)用: 只能使用in參數(shù)
與路由進(jìn)程聯(lián)用: 只能使用out參數(shù)
兩種方案效果相同。與接口聯(lián)用的方案在抑制route feedback上效果比較好;與路由進(jìn)程聯(lián)用的方案在抑制route feedback時(shí),由于在過濾時(shí),相應(yīng)的路由條目已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了路由表,所以失效。
<1> 與接口聯(lián)用
router ospf 25
redistribute rip metric 100
network 172.16.1.254 0.0.0.0 area 25
network 172.16.8.254 0.0.0.0 area 25
network 172.16.50.254 0.0.0.0 area 25
distribute-list 3 in Ethernet0/0
distribute-list 3 in Ethernet0/1
distribute-list 3 in Ethernet0/2
!
router rip
redistribute ospf 25 metric 5
passive-interface Ethernet0/0
passive-interface Ethernet0/1
passive-interface Ethernet0/2
network 192.16.0.0
distribute-list 1 in Ethernet0/3
distribute-list 1 in Ethernet2/0
distribute-ilst 1 in Ethernet2.1
!
ip classless
access-list 1 permit 172.16.128.0 0.0.127.255
access-iist 3 permit 172.16.0.0 0.0.127.255
<2> 與路由進(jìn)程聯(lián)用:
router ospf 25
redistribute rip metric 100
network 172.16.1.254 0.0.0.0 area 25
network 172.16.8.254 0.0.0.0 area 25
network 172.16.50.254 0.0.0.0 area 25
distribute-list 10 out rip
!
router rip
redistribute ospf 25 metric 5
passive-interface Ethernet0/3
passive-interface Ethernet2/0
passive-interface Ethernet2/1
network 172.16.0.0
distribute-list 20 out ospf 25
!
ip classless
access-list 10 permit 172.16.130.0
access-list 10 permit 172.16.145.0
access-list 10 permit 172.16.240.0
access-list 20 permit 172.16.23.0
access-list 20 permit 172.16.9.0
access-list 20 permit 172.16.75.0
(三) Prefix-list
功能:
過濾特定路由協(xié)議分發(fā)的Routes,主要用與BGP.
特性:
與ACL相比,具有相對(duì)較強(qiáng)的靈活性。在掩碼匹配上,也比較輕易理解。
Case Study: Standard Syntax
ip prefix-list {list-name list-number} [seq number] {deny network/length permit network/length} [ge ge-length] [le le-length]
no ip prefix-list {list-name list-number} [seq number] {deny network/length permit network/length} [ge ge-length] [le le-length]
注:
<1> ip prefix-list使用最長匹配規(guī)則。
<2> 假如不指定seq number,則默認(rèn)為5,且每增加一個(gè)條目自動(dòng)增加5.
即假如你指定第一條目seq number為2,則下一個(gè)不指定seq number的條目的seq number自動(dòng)變?yōu)?.
<3>自動(dòng)增加seq number功能可以用命令:no ip prefix-list sequence-number取消。
<4> length < ge-length < le-length <= 32
<5> ip prefix-list不能與Route Maps的match ip next-hop語句聯(lián)用;只以與match ip address語句聯(lián)用。
Case Study: ip prefix-list description
Syntax:
ip prefix-list list-name description text
Case Study: Configuration Example
router bgp 3
no synchronization
neighbor 172.16.1.2 remote-as 3
neighbor 172.16.20.1 remote-as 1
neighbor 172.16.29.1 prefix-list 1 out
no auto-summary
!
ip prefix-list 1 seq 5 deny 192.68.10.0/24
ip prefix-list 1 seq 10 permit 0.0.0.0/32
(四) ip as-path access-list
功能:
根據(jù)BGP的AS-PATH屬性過濾BGP的分發(fā)路由條目。
Case Study: Syntax
ip as-path access-list acl-number permit deny regeXP
no ip as-path access-list acl-number
注:acl-number有效值為0 ~ 500.
Case Study: Configuration Guide
<1> 過濾所有的私有AS的Routes更新
ip as-path access-list 1 deny (_64[6-9][0-9][0-9]_ _65[0-9][0-9][0-9]_)
ip as-path access-list 1 permit .*
<2> 應(yīng)用實(shí)例
router bgp 3
no synchronization
neighbor 172.16.1.2 remote-as 3
neighbor 172.16.20.1 remote-as 1
neighbro 172.16.20.1 filter-list 1 out
no auto-summary
!
ip as-path access-lsit 1 permit ^$
(五) 以上過濾命令的執(zhí)行順序:
<1> inbound
route-map->filter-list->prefix-list,distribute-list
<2> outbound
prefix-list,distribute-list->filter-list-> route-map
prefix-list,distribute-list用于鄰居在一個(gè)方向上每次只能用其中的一個(gè)
總結(jié):
其實(shí)這些過濾命令都不是太難,要害是一個(gè)過濾的理念。
它們都是很靈活的東西,運(yùn)用的好,它會(huì)有很大的作用;運(yùn)用得不好,也有可能會(huì)有反作用的。
所以說,在配置這些過濾命令的時(shí)候,要仔細(xì)的斟酌。每一個(gè)過濾都要思考一下,當(dāng)安放到現(xiàn)有的網(wǎng)絡(luò)會(huì)有什么樣的效用,這樣才不至于等到安放到路由器上以后才熟悉到過濾的漏洞,才不至于引發(fā)安全隱患。
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