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職稱英語答題技巧
職稱英語考試一共有6個(gè)題型,包括閱讀理解、完形填空、詞匯選項(xiàng)、概括大意完成句子、補(bǔ)全短文和閱讀判斷。要求在2個(gè)小時(shí)全部完成,題量大時(shí)間少,這就需要考生合理分配復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn),應(yīng)試時(shí)合理分配做題時(shí)間。
題型分析
1、閱讀理解——至少要拿30分
在6個(gè)題型中,最重要的題型當(dāng)屬閱讀理解,分值占到總分的45%。閱讀理解共有3篇文章,每篇文章5個(gè)問題,每道題3分。根據(jù)多年的考試輔導(dǎo)經(jīng)驗(yàn),歷年的閱讀理解試題中的3篇文章,一般規(guī)律是有一篇文章出自國家指定教材,另外兩篇?jiǎng)t是課外文章。因此對(duì)于閱讀理解的復(fù)習(xí),考生一定要保證能把出自教材中的那篇文章問題做對(duì)(保證拿到15分)。在一手抓教材中的文章同時(shí),另一手還要抓閱讀理解題型的解題技巧和方法,也就是兩手抓,兩手都要硬。只有這樣才能順利攻克閱讀理解題目,所以對(duì)考生的最低要求是45分至少要拿到30分,也就是說至少要做對(duì)10道題。因此在復(fù)習(xí)備考中要以閱讀理解題型為重頭也就不難理解了。
2、完形填空——誓取15分
如果有人問職稱英語考試哪塊最難,考生們肯定會(huì)異口同聲說是完形填空。不過最近幾年的考試中,完形填空基本都出自教材,導(dǎo)致大家認(rèn)為完形填空其實(shí)不難。教材中的每一類都有15篇文章,考生只要把這15篇文章弄的滾瓜爛熟,準(zhǔn)備時(shí)要注意文章空白處有可能變化,這樣考試時(shí)基本就沒有問題了。對(duì)于完形填空的要求,就是希望同學(xué)們必須把這15分搞定,因?yàn)檫@15分完全出自教材,是白送給大家的。
3、詞匯選項(xiàng)——白送15分(可查字典)
詞匯選項(xiàng)這種題型基本上是屬于送分題?荚囍型ǔJ墙o出一個(gè)例句,然后在這個(gè)句子中的某個(gè)單詞上劃個(gè)橫線,讓考生在A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出這個(gè)劃橫線單詞的同義詞。雖然詞匯選項(xiàng)題這幾年從教材上出的越來越少,但眾所周知,詞匯選項(xiàng)題通過查詞典的方式來做,也就是說準(zhǔn)備一本好詞典,通過查詞典的方式完全可以解決詞匯選項(xiàng)的15分。詞典的作用也不僅僅是臨場(chǎng)查詞,復(fù)習(xí)階段還可以幫考生區(qū)分需要記憶的單詞。
4、概括大意與完成句子——爭(zhēng)取做對(duì)一半
職稱英語考試中等難度的題型當(dāng)屬是概括大意與完成句子,相比較而言,概括大意要比完成句子更簡(jiǎn)單一些。由于這兩種題型中都有比較簡(jiǎn)單的題目,因此考生只要做對(duì)一半,就算達(dá)到目標(biāo)。
5、補(bǔ)全短文和閱讀判斷——臨場(chǎng)發(fā)揮,盡量拿分
補(bǔ)全短文和閱讀判斷毫無疑問是職稱英語考試中最難的題型,這兩種有些借鑒于雅思考試的題型著實(shí)讓考生們吃了不少苦頭,但是值得慶幸的是,這兩種題型加起來也才只有17分,只要能保證拿到七八分就可以了。因此并不足以影響考生們過關(guān)和及格,大家的復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)還應(yīng)該放在閱讀理解、完形填空和詞匯選項(xiàng)。
做題順序
1、完型填空、閱讀理解、詞匯所占分值最高(合計(jì)高達(dá)75分),放到前面來做,避免萬一時(shí)間不夠,可以確保先抓住大部分分?jǐn)?shù)。
2、完型填空、閱讀理解(一篇)都是部分來自教材,放到前面來做,記憶比較深刻,答題成功率較高。
3、書外閱讀題兩篇,簡(jiǎn)單的一篇用25分鐘,難的一篇用20分鐘。
4、閱讀判斷放到最后,是因?yàn)楸绢}根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)蒙答案(具體方法后面詳述)成功率可拿到全部7分中的2-3分,這樣可以騰出時(shí)間給需要查詞典即可穩(wěn)拿分?jǐn)?shù)的詞匯題,所以閱讀判斷的答題時(shí)間只有1分鐘。
詞匯選項(xiàng)答法
《朗文當(dāng)代高級(jí)英語詞典》是雙解詞典,查劃線詞后,看英語解釋里是否有選項(xiàng)。下面由淺入深給大家舉三個(gè)例子,請(qǐng)務(wù)必翻開詞典,跟著做一遍:
1.劃線詞tolerate, 答案是stand
這個(gè)題很好答,按照ABCD字母順序查詞典,找到2441頁tolerate, 在英語解釋里找到答案stand,15個(gè)題里有6——8道題是這樣做出來的。
2.劃線詞是minute,答案是small
這道題很多會(huì)英語的人反而答錯(cuò)了,因?yàn)樗麄冎續(xù)inute的意思是“分鐘”,不可能是small“小的”。但是如果你看到minute在句子里不是名詞(n),而是形容詞(adj),那么在《朗文當(dāng)代高級(jí)英語詞典》1454-1455頁,minute這個(gè)詞有名詞(n),和形容詞(adj)兩種解釋,你會(huì)看到minute(adj)就有small“小的”的意思。
3. 劃線詞是account,答案是consideration
這個(gè)詞你查10個(gè)詞典里有8個(gè)查不到這個(gè)答案。這就是職稱英語里的難題:“短語抽詞”考,就是account和consideration根本風(fēng)馬牛不相及,不是同義詞。但是take sth into account和takesth into consideration卻是地地道道的同義詞組。這種題最難,要求一個(gè)大字不識(shí)的同志們一定要左看看,右看看,不是“對(duì)面的女孩看過來”,是你看不過來,就查不出來。請(qǐng)大家把《朗文當(dāng)代高級(jí)英語詞典》翻到14頁,找到account再找到account下面的take sth into account,你就找到答案了。注意:劃線部分是短語時(shí),如果不知道查哪個(gè)詞?就數(shù)數(shù)字母,查最長的那個(gè)詞。
閱讀理解技巧
1查題目。知道題目意思你就掌握80%的文章意思。人名、地名、國家名不查,長得不像英語詞的不查。
2勾畫出每段段首句中的關(guān)鍵詞(一般是名詞,不必認(rèn)識(shí)它,也不必查詞典)。
3勾畫出題目中關(guān)鍵詞,然后到文章中找一樣的關(guān)鍵詞定位。
4、定位關(guān)鍵詞后,對(duì)比文章中關(guān)鍵詞附近的詞或詞組,與答案選項(xiàng)中詞或者詞組重合的最多的即為正確答案。(就像玩拼圖游戲,考察你的眼力!)
如果你無法定位關(guān)鍵詞,則:
1、常識(shí)排除。每個(gè)選項(xiàng)查明白,太不靠譜的去掉,剩下的說得有道理,又跟題目沾邊的是答案。
2. 看四個(gè)答案選項(xiàng)中有無大部分相似的。如有,若意思完全相反的其中一個(gè)必是答案;若意思并非相反的則較長選項(xiàng)為答案,如沒有大部分相似的,則最長的選項(xiàng)為答案。
3. 如果考試題目是針對(duì)文章中的某個(gè)單詞的意思,那么就相當(dāng)于是一個(gè)詞匯題,詞典又派上用場(chǎng)了!
4. 如果考試題目是問文章主旨(如作者的觀點(diǎn),替換文章標(biāo)題,文章大意,段落大意等)的,則需要細(xì)讀文章題目,每段第一句和文章最后一句,并大致搞清意思。然后選擇意思最接近的一項(xiàng)答案。
5. 專有名詞比較顯眼,作為關(guān)鍵詞更容易定位,也就更容易做出來。就是首字母大寫的那個(gè)!
6. 一般考試題目的順序與文章段落的順序大體一致,定位關(guān)鍵詞不是難事,這就象讓我在人群中找出一個(gè)陌生人很難,但是讓我拿著他的照片去找就容易多了。
7. 正確答案必定與問題有關(guān),答案中的詞或者詞組必定出現(xiàn)在文中關(guān)鍵詞的附近!
8. 不需要閱讀試題全文,只需要細(xì)讀文章題目、每段第一句和文章最后一句,文章主旨就在其中!
專家提示:閱讀理解每題占3分,總分高達(dá)45分,是重點(diǎn)中的重點(diǎn)!不要怕費(fèi)時(shí)間,堅(jiān)決按照上述方法答題,務(wù)必仔細(xì),保證成功率。
必須畫出的關(guān)鍵詞:but(however)但是, although雖然, because因?yàn)? 它們代表答案要出現(xiàn)了。然后讀一下下面的詞和短語,出現(xiàn)必是考題:一共25個(gè),一定要記住哦!
1. as當(dāng)….時(shí);因?yàn)?2. while雖然 3. before(在……之前)
4. after(在……之后) 5. not…until直到…才 6.since(自從,因?yàn)?
7. once(一旦) 8.as big as….和…一樣大 9. as soon as(一……就……)
10. so that(以便) 11.so…that….如此…以至于… 12. such… that…如此…以至于…
13. too…to…太…以至于不能… 14.without 沒有 15. hardly 幾乎不
16. few 幾乎沒有 17.little(加不可數(shù)名詞)幾乎沒有 18. if(如果)
19. unless(除非) 20.so (as) long as(只要) 21.so far as(就…來說,對(duì)..而言)。
22. lest(for fear that)(生怕,以免) 23. in case(以防)
24. as if (though)(仿佛,恰像) 25. even if (though)(即使)
完型填空:全文掌握,必須的!不能只背空里的。
專家提示:以上三個(gè)大題是重點(diǎn),依照上述秘籍做完,應(yīng)能拿到少則50分左右,多則60分以上,則大局基本已定!
概括大意、完成句子(1分/題*8題=8分)
概括大意(4題):注意看清題干要求的是概括哪四個(gè)自然段的大意,有時(shí)是前四段,有時(shí)是后四段,一定要看清題目要求。
1. 先看選項(xiàng),畫出每個(gè)選項(xiàng)里最長的詞,或和其他選項(xiàng)差別最大的詞。比如押題真題里的6個(gè)選項(xiàng):
A. What are noble gases?
B.What is the periodic table?
C.Whatcauses the low chemical reactivity of noble gases?
D.How were noble gases discovered?
E.How were noble gases understood in the past?
F.What are the applications of noble gases?
2畫出每個(gè)段落的第一句和最后一句里的名詞(或者比較長的2——3個(gè)詞),然后與各個(gè)選項(xiàng)對(duì)比,選項(xiàng)中大部分詞或者詞組與段落的第一句或最后一句中的詞或者詞組重合得最多的即為答案。
Learnabout Noble Gases(惰性氣體)
1Haveyou ever ridden on a balloon? Many tourist spots offer balloon rides in orderfor people to see the beauty of a place from above. A balloon contains a noblegas called helium(氦). Formerly, balloons contained hydrogen buthydrogen is very flammable and dangerous when uncontrolled. Therefore, people shiftedto helium, which is safer. Helium is safe because it has the proper ties of thenoble gases.
2Peopleonce believed that noble gases couldn’t chemically react at all. For thisreason, they were called inert gases(惰性氣體). They were also listed under Group 0 inthe old periodic table because scientists believed that the gases have zerovalence(價(jià))electrons in their outer shell. This was later provento be untrue when some noble gas compounds were discovered.
3Thegases are elements, which share similar properties. These properties include beingmonoatomic, colorless, odorless, being able to conduct electricity, and havinglow chemical reactivity. Noble gases include Helium, Neon, Argon,Krypton, Xenonand Radon. These are all found in Group 18, in the right most column of theperiodic table. If you look at the periodic table, you will notice that theseelements are the only ones, which do not have a charge.Helium has the lowestmolecular(分子的) weight while Radon is the heaviest.
4Rememberthat chemical reactions occur because atoms have valence electrons, which areelectrons in their outer shell.When the outer shell is “unfilled” or therequired number of electrons is not yet complete, the atom is more reactive.Noble gases have a full outer shell,meaning that they have complete electronsin their outer shell. This complete number varies. For instance, the outershell of Helium has 2 valence electrons while the outer shell of Xenon has 8electrons. Nowadays, there remains to be a few noble gases because of the lowchemical reactivity of these said gases.
5. Because of their properties, noble gaseshave many important applications. They are widely used in medicine andindustries. For instance,liquid Helium is used for superconducting magnets(磁體).Thesemagnets are very important in physics and medicine. When a doctor suspects thata person’s brain has been damaged, he might request for Magnetic ResonanceImaging(MRI). MRI allows the doctor to “see” the brain, without operating onthe patient.
第2段,第一句話提到once believed 。最后一句話提到later 。都有表示時(shí)間的單詞,對(duì)應(yīng)備選項(xiàng)中E,understood in the past。意思相近,所以選E。再次印證了關(guān)鍵看段首和段尾句。
第3段,第一句話提到properties.就是特征特點(diǎn)的意思,那肯定是想說明具備什么特征,它是什么。所以選A。
第4段,第一句話提到chemical reactions,段尾句提到low chemical reactivity。看備選項(xiàng)中C中有l(wèi)ow chemical reactivity。肯定選C。
第5段首句有applications.,備選項(xiàng)中的F也有applications.因此第5段對(duì)應(yīng)F。
完成句子(4題):
1. 先看題,勾畫出每個(gè)考試題目中的關(guān)鍵詞1-3個(gè),離空最近的詞必畫!比如押題真題里的4個(gè)句子:
27. Noble gases are not verychemically __________.
28. Among the elements of noble gasesHelium is the ________ .
29. The required number of electrons innoble gases’outer shell is .
30. MRI may make operating on thepatient .
A. lightest B. reactive C.important D. complete E. flammable F.unnecessary
27題題干中提到not …chemically 文中第二段第二句提到low chemical reactivity. 因此選B
28題直接去文中找Helium出現(xiàn)在哪一句里,就能知道答案。選A。文中提到的是lowest weight.因此選A lightest.
29題按照畫出的詞找在文中出現(xiàn)的位置,很容易在第四段中間找到對(duì)應(yīng)的答案,complete。所以選D。
30題,按照畫出的詞找在文中出現(xiàn)的位置,很容易在文章最后一句話中找到對(duì)應(yīng)的答案,without operating on the patient 很明顯對(duì)應(yīng)的是unnecessary.因此選F。
2. 滿篇找這幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞
注意,4個(gè)題都勾畫完關(guān)鍵詞,再滿篇找一遍對(duì)應(yīng)詞,省時(shí)間!
3. 最后把文章中關(guān)鍵詞附近的詞和詞組與各個(gè)答案選項(xiàng)對(duì)比,詞和詞組重合最多的即為正確答案。
補(bǔ)全短文(2分/題*5題=10分)
1、先勾畫出每個(gè)答案選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞:主語和長名詞。確定主語的單復(fù)數(shù),是人是物。代詞一定畫出來!
They空前一句主語必是復(fù)數(shù)。
He空前一句主語必是單數(shù)男性。
She空前一句主語必是單數(shù)女性。
This(+名):空前一句主語必是這個(gè)名詞,或一個(gè)單數(shù)近義詞
That(+名):空前一句主語必是這個(gè)名詞,或一個(gè)單數(shù)近義詞
These(+名)空前一句主語必是復(fù)數(shù)
Those(+名)空前一句主語必是復(fù)數(shù)
such(+名)空前一句主語必是這個(gè)名詞
如押題套題里的6個(gè)選項(xiàng):
第5部分:補(bǔ)全短文(第46~50題,每題2分,共10分)
下面的短文有5處空白,短文后有6個(gè)句子,其中5個(gè)取自短文,請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置,以恢復(fù)文章面貌。
The Mysteries of Nazca
In the desert of Peru, 300 kilometers fromLima, one of the most unusual artworks in the world has mystified (迷惑)people for decades._________ (46) But from high above, these marks are hugeimages of birds, fish, seashells, all beautifully carved into the earth.
The Nazca lines are so difficult to seefrom the ground that they weren’t discovered until the 1930s, when pilotsspotted them while flying over the area. In all, there are about 70 differenthuman and animal figures on the plain, along with 900 triangles, circles, andlines.
Researchers have figured out that the linesare at least 1, 500 years old, but their purpose is still a mystery. _________(47) However, it would probably be very tricky to land a spaceship in themiddle of pictures of dogs and monkeys.
In the 1940s, an American explorer namedPaul Kosok suggested that the drawings are a chronicle (記錄)of the movement of the stars and planets. _________ (48) Later, an astronomertested his theory with a computer, but he couldn’t find any relation betweenthe lines and movements in space.
Another explanation is that the lines mayhave been made for religious reasons. British researcher Tony Morrisoninvestigated the customs of people in the Andes Mountainand learned that they sometimes pray by the side of the road. It’s possiblethat in the past, the lines of Nazca were created for a similar purpose._________ (49) But the local people have never constructed anything this big.
Recently, two other scientists, DavidJohnson and Steve Mabee, have speculated that lines could have been related towater. Nazca is one of the driest places in the world and receives only 50px of rain every year. While Johnsonwas searching for ancient water sources in the area, he noticed that somewaterways built by ancient people were connected with the lines. Johnsonbelieves that the Nazca lines are a giant map of the underground water in thearea. _________ (50)
A. He called Nazca “the largest astronomy book in the world”.
B. Seen from the ground, it looks like lines scratched into the earth.
C. Scholars differ in interpreting the purpose of the designs.
D. Other scientists are now searching for evidence to prove this.
E. ASwiss writer named Erich Von Daniken wrote that the Nazca lines were designedas a landing place for UFOs.
F. The largest pictures may have been the sites for special ceremonies.
2、然后回到文章中定位,著重看空前和空后句子。把空格附近詞和詞組與各個(gè)答案關(guān)鍵詞選項(xiàng)相對(duì)比,詞和詞組重合最多的即為正確答案。
46題空白處后面一句有But from high above 表示轉(zhuǎn)折,前面應(yīng)該是方向相反,看備選項(xiàng)中B Seen from the ground。正好互相對(duì)應(yīng)對(duì)照。所以選B。
47題空白處前面提到 lines 和 mystery關(guān)鍵信息,后面提到however轉(zhuǎn)折和land.備選答案中的E出現(xiàn)了lines 和 landing 兩個(gè)核心提示詞,所以選E。
48題空白處前面一句話在說一個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn),自然選A。主語是he,肯定接續(xù)前面的敘述?瞻滋幒竺娴囊痪湓,提到了his theory,正好驗(yàn)證了所選答案是正確的。
49題空白處前面在講宗教儀式,和備選項(xiàng)F 意思相近。所以選F?瞻滋幥懊嫣岬絪imilar purpose和F選項(xiàng)中的 special ceremonies對(duì)照呼應(yīng)。因此空白處前面的關(guān)鍵提示詞非常重要。
50題空白處前面提到了searching for,和選項(xiàng)D中的searching for對(duì)應(yīng)。所以選D。
●專家提示:和閱讀理解一樣,概括大意、完成句子及補(bǔ)全短文也都很象是拼圖游戲哦,看來職稱英語考試考的是眼力和對(duì)比觀察能力!
閱讀判斷(1分/題*7題=7分)
最后做,蒙答案,全選A或者全選B。
到底選B還是A?
眼神好使的還可以進(jìn)一步判斷:看7個(gè)試題中有無表示絕對(duì)意義的詞,如most(包括其它形式的最高級(jí))、all、only、just、simply等,如有,7個(gè)題全選B,否則7個(gè)題全選A。
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