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職稱英語(yǔ)綜合類根據(jù)大意練習(xí)
職稱英語(yǔ)綜合類根據(jù)大意練習(xí)
Museums in the modern world
Museums have changed. They are no longer places for the privileged few or for bored vacationers to visit on rainy days. Action and democracy are words used in descriptions of museums now.
At a science museum in Ontario, Canada, you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body. At the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, you can look at 17th century instruments while listening to their music. At the Modern Museum in Sweden, you can put on costumes provided by the Stockholm Opera. As these examples show, museums are reaching out to new audiences, particularly the young, the poor, and the less educated members of the population. As a result, attendance is increasing.
More and more, museums directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing. In many science museums, for example, there are no guided tours. The visitor is encouraged to touch, listen, operate, and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for himself. He can have the experience of operating a spaceship or a computer. He can experiment with glass blowing and papermaking. The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science. The theory is that people who do not understand science will probably fear it, and those who fear science will not use it to the best advantage. Many museums now provide educational services and children's departments. In addition to the usual displays, they also offer film showings and dance programs. Instead of being places that one should visit, they are places to enjoy.
One cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth and leisure time. Another cause is the rising percentage of young population. Many of these young people are college students or college graduates, they are better educated than their parents. They see things in a new and different way. They are not content to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in. The same is true of science and history. In the US., certain groups who formerly were too poor to care about anything beyond the basic needs of daily life are now becoming curious about the world around them. The young people in these groups, like young people in general, have benefited from a better education than their parents received. All these groups, and the rest of the population as well, have been influenced by television, which has taught them about places and other times.
The effect of all this has been to change existing museums and to encourage the building of new ones. In the US. and Canada alone, there are now more than 6,000 museums, almost twice as many as there were 25 years ago. About half of them are devoted to history, and the rest are evenly divided between the arts and sciences. The number of visitors, according to the American Association of museums, has risen to more than 700 million a year.
In fact, the crowds of visitors at some museums are creating a major problem, admission to museums has always been either free or very inexpensive, but now some museums are charging entrance fees for the first time or raising their prices. Even when raised, however, entrance fees are generally too low to support a museum, with its usually large building and its highly trained staff.
1. paragraph 2 _________.
2. paragraph 3 _________.
3. paragraph 4 _________.
4. paragraph 5 _________.
A. causes of changes
B. increasing number of museums and visitors
C. museums getting closer to more spectators
D. movies shown in museums
E. new notions about the management of museums
F. places to visit
5. Now museums are no longer restricted to the privileged few, but_______.
6. With the development of society, people, especially the young people, _____.
7. To meet the needs of society, more museums _____.
8. Two major problems for museums are that they have too many visitors and they ____.
A. have higher demands of museums
B. are open to more people with different social background
C. to lengthen their opening hours
D. charge too little for admission
E. have been built and open to public
F. by lowing the admission fees
1. C。 分析：借助段落中的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)―很明顯地提到了各種類型的博物館(science museum， Metropolitan Museum of Art， Modern Museum)， 首先推測(cè)這個(gè)段落可能在介紹博物館的類型， 但是所給的被選項(xiàng)中沒(méi)有這樣的內(nèi)容， 于是注意觀察段落中的是否有總結(jié)句(觀點(diǎn)句)， 這樣在段落的結(jié)尾處發(fā)現(xiàn)“總結(jié)性”的結(jié)構(gòu)“As these examples show, museums are reaching out to new audiences”， 這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的內(nèi)容是“正如上面這些例子所顯示的那樣， 博物館正在向吸引新觀眾的方向發(fā)展”， 段落的最后一句中說(shuō)“As a result, attendance is increasing(結(jié)果參觀人數(shù)正在增加)”， 這兩個(gè)句子都是總結(jié)性的句子， 它們的內(nèi)容與B和C最接近， B中還提到了博物館數(shù)量的增加， 但是這方面的信息在段落中根本沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)， 因此判斷C是答案。
2. E。 分析：可以利用被選項(xiàng)核心內(nèi)容對(duì)應(yīng)法(也就是分別利用被選項(xiàng)中的核心詞作為答案線索， 對(duì)應(yīng)的在段落中查找相關(guān)的用詞和信息， 如果段落中沒(méi)有相關(guān)信息的體現(xiàn)， 這該被選項(xiàng)一定不是答案選項(xiàng)。)來(lái)對(duì)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行一一的篩選：排除A：段落中沒(méi)有談到變化;排除B：段落中沒(méi)有提到博物館的數(shù)量;排除D：內(nèi)容太具體， 而且段落中只有一句話提到了電影的播放;排除F：段落中只有一個(gè)句子提到了參觀的地方， 綜合上面的分析判斷答案E(E中的核心詞“管理notions(理念)”與段落第一句中的核心結(jié)構(gòu)“More and more museums directors are realizing(越來(lái)越多的經(jīng)理認(rèn)識(shí)到)...”在內(nèi)容上形成呼應(yīng))， 因此也更加確定了E是答案。
3. A。分析：段首句明確地提到了“造成變化的原因”， 而段落的第2句在接著談“另一個(gè)原因”， 無(wú)疑“原因”是這一段的核心詞， 因此A是答案。
4. B。 分析：抓住段落中的細(xì)節(jié)信息―數(shù)字。段落中出現(xiàn)表示博物館數(shù)量和觀眾數(shù)量的數(shù)字，并均呈現(xiàn)增加的趨勢(shì)，因此判斷答案是B。
5. B。分析：可直接根據(jù)搭配句意(現(xiàn)在博物館不再局限于對(duì)有特權(quán)的少數(shù)人開放，而是對(duì)有著不同社會(huì)背景的更多數(shù)人開放)和語(yǔ)法搭配結(jié)構(gòu)判斷B是答案。
6. A。 分析：可直接根據(jù)搭配句意(隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，人們，尤其是年輕人對(duì)博物館有了更高的要求)和語(yǔ)法搭配結(jié)構(gòu)判斷A是答案。
7. E。 可分析：直接根據(jù)搭配句意(為了滿足社會(huì)的需要，更多的博物館已經(jīng)被修建起來(lái)，對(duì)公眾開放)和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)判斷E是答案。
8. D。 分析：可直接根據(jù)搭配句意(博物館面臨的兩個(gè)主要問(wèn)題是游客太多而它們門票收費(fèi)太低)和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)判斷D是答案。以上的完成句子題也都可以利用題干前面部分中出現(xiàn)的核心詞/特征詞作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句， 確認(rèn)答案。 如第8題可以利用Two major problems(特征結(jié)構(gòu))作為答案線索，在文章最后一段中找到相關(guān)內(nèi)容判斷答案。
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