2017職稱英語完成句子做題技巧
在全國職稱英語等級考試中，完成句子是一種比較新穎的題型。下面是小編搜集整理的2017職稱英語完成句子做題技巧，歡迎閱讀。
一、題型介紹
在全國職稱英語等級考試中，完成句子是一種比較新穎的題型。這種題型通常是先給出一篇300詞左右的短文，短文后給出五個不完整的句子，一般是缺少一個詞，要求考生在理解短文的基礎(chǔ)之上，完成這五個句子，即把丟掉的詞根據(jù)原文的內(nèi)容給填出來。盡管每個句子都缺少一個詞，但如果要填的詞比較難，題目設(shè)計者提供了所要填的詞的第一個字母或前兩三個字母，這樣難的題目就變得相對容易些了。
由于完成句子這種題型比較新穎，在目前我國其它類型的大規(guī)�？荚囍猩心┦褂眠^，許多應(yīng)試者對該題望而生畏，有的甚至干脆放棄了這一部分。實際上大可不必如此，因為完成句子在本質(zhì)上只不過是我們常見的閱讀理解題型的一種變體，或叫簡答題，考生根據(jù)自己對于文章的內(nèi)容的理解從四個先項中先出一個正確的答案。而完成句子這種題型通常是先給出一篇短文，短文后給出五個不完整的句子，每個句子一般缺少一個詞，要求考生在理解短文的基礎(chǔ)之上，完成這五個句子，這些句子多半已改變了敘述的角度或者采用另一種廉潔，但是句子的內(nèi)容往往是文章中某些內(nèi)容的稞。因此，這種題型不過是把覺的閱讀理解題型的四個選項去掉，只保留其題干部分，要求考生把不完整的題干(句子)補(bǔ)全。
二、測試點
完成句子主要是用來測試應(yīng)試者的`閱讀理解能力和對英語詞匯的使用能力，它的測試點與一般的閱讀理解題型的測試點基本上一致。下面我們以全國職稱英語等級考試?yán)砉ゎ悩宇}中的完成句子為例說明命題者是怎樣測量考生這種閱讀能力，并指出如何解答這類問題。
Computers Can Read
Computers can solve difficult problems and control the machines which are not simple. Many people use small computers called calculators to add, subtract, multiply, and divide numbers quickly. Scientists use large computers to solve many problems at the same time. You can play games with computers, and some computers can help you learn languages. The Reading Machine is a special kind of computer. It can read books for blind people.
This machine consists fo three sections: a scanner (掃描儀), a computer, and a vioce synthesizer (合成器). These three parts are like your eyes, your brain, and your voice. The scanner is the "eye"of the machine. It scans, or looks at the words on the page of a book and changes them into signals. These signals then go to the computer, the "brain" of the machine. The computer analyzes (分析)the signals and r***gnizes the words and then sends information about the words to the vioce synthesizer. The voice synthesizer makes the sounds of the words.
To use the machine, a blind person simply opens the book and puts it face down on the scanner. The machine reads the words on the page. When one page is finished, the blind person turns the page and puts the bllk on the scanner again. The reading Machine can read in a standard voice in a special fast voice. it can read words with small letters, large lettters, or italics (斜體).
Blind people like the Reading Machine because they can "read" anything within newspapers, magazines, books, even typed letter. Many libraries now have Rading Machines for blind people to use. The Reading Machine can also help sighted children learn to read.
Can the Reading machine help you to read in English? The computer can analyze the grammar of sentences, and the voice synthesizer can make the sounds of the words. However, the machine cannot explain the meanings of the words. To use the machine, you must know the meanins of the words and sentences first.
1. The first paragraph is mainly concerned with the different u---------of the computers.
從題目來看這個題目考察考生的概括大意的能力。雖然短文的第一段沒有明確的主題句，但是讀完此段我們就全感覺到，么一段是從幾個不同的方面來講述計算機(jī)的用途。而且在本段中use一詞使用了兩次，再加上本題答案為use。
2. The computer, one of the three parts of the Reading Machine, is like the b---- of a human being.
該題考察應(yīng)試者把握文章中的事實與細(xì)節(jié)的能力。我們可以把它轉(zhuǎn)化為這樣的一個問題“電腦作為閱讀機(jī)的三個組成部分之一，他的作用相當(dāng)人的什么器官?”然后我們再到文章中尋找與此有關(guān)的內(nèi)容，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，與此有關(guān)的內(nèi)容在短文的第二段的開始，This machine consists of three sections: a scanner, a computer, and a voice synthsizer. These three parts are like your eyes, your brain, and your voice. 閱讀機(jī)包括掃描儀，電腦和合成器三個組成部分，掃描儀相當(dāng)與人的眼睛，那么電腦也就相當(dāng)于人的大腦了，因此，本題答案為brain。
3. The Reading Machine can r***gnize the words with letters of differents s------.
此題也是考察應(yīng)試者把握文章中的事實與細(xì)節(jié)的能力。我們可以把這個句子轉(zhuǎn)化為這樣一個問題：“這種閱讀機(jī)可以辯認(rèn)什么樣的單詞?”文章第三段的最后一句話說閱讀機(jī)可以識別小的字母，大的字母指的是字母的大小，即size;斜體字母早指的是字母的形狀，即type，由于本題要求填入的第一個字母為s，所以答案為size。
4. The Reading Machine may help blind people deal with all kinds of reading m------ such as newspapers, magazines and books.
本題相對來說要簡單一些，因為題目本身就已經(jīng)給我們提供了足夠的信息，newspapers, magazines 及 books 均屬于讀物，即閱讀材料，而且在各種考試中我們都會見到reading materials。很明顯，本題的答案為materials。
5. People cannot find the e------ of the words while using the Reading Machine.
第七題也是考罕應(yīng)試者把握文章中的事實與細(xì)節(jié)的能力，題目本身可以轉(zhuǎn)化為這樣的問題：“在使用閱讀機(jī)時，人們不能發(fā)現(xiàn)什么?”，與此相關(guān)的內(nèi)容在短文的最后一段： However, the machine cannot explain the meanings of the words, 根據(jù)提示詞"explain", 我們就應(yīng)能填出它的名詞形式"explanation"。
請看大綱第14頁的一篇短文： Television in the USA
Thirty-four percent of the world's television sets are in the USA. But it is not fair that some foreigners have concluded that America has a TV culture. Still it is true that American TV has great-power and can make or break well-known people in fron of the camera. There are a thousand stations in the 50 states, and in most places there is a choice of five or six channels. The major networks (National Broadcasting Company, Columbia Broadcasting System and the American Broadcasting Compan) introduce a lot of new shows of every kind. Those dramas, soap operas, talk shows, news shows, and sport shows which are cuccessful, are relayed (轉(zhuǎn)播)throughout American and are often sold abroad. Roots, by the black writer Alex Haley, for example, was sold all over the world.
Nearly all TV in the USA is commercial, and programs are interrupted every quarter of an hour or so for advertisements. These breaks make people upset, expecially during some exciting action in a good film. However, commercials do make it possible to show programs on TV that are expensive to produce.
There is one channel where there are no commercial breaks. Programs on this channel are run by the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) and can be seen all over the USA. Although the PBS gets a grant from the government, the government does not interfere in any way in the organization of its programs. There are programs on everyday affairs, music, the arts, as well as serious discussions on all kinds of topics. Some programs are supported by companies or institutions, but these organizations are not allowed to influence the content of a program.
36. The conclusion made by some foreigners that America has a television culture is not f-------.
本題答案為fair。本題很簡單，因為問題等于把文章第一段的第二句話重說了一遍。
37. A great number of new shows are introduced by the leading n---- in the USA.
本題答案為networks。原文第一段有這樣一句話：The major networks...introduce a lot of new shows of every kind。這里的major等于leading，由于空格處已給出要填詞的首字母n，所以應(yīng)填networks。
38. There is just one c----without breaks for advertisements in the USA.
本題答案為channel。答案見第三段第一句話。注意commercial breaks 就是指breaks for advertisements。
39. While people are watching TV programs, breaks for advertisements can make them w------.
本題答案為worried。本題考查考生能否理解原文中的upset (見第二段第二句話)這個詞。即使不知道這個詞的意思，考生也應(yīng)該能夠猜出來，因為正常的電視節(jié)目不斷被商業(yè)廣告打斷，觀眾會十分生氣的，在這里upset就是worried的意思。
40. Although some companies supply money for some programs, they are not a-----to have influence upon the content of the programs in any way.
本題答案為allowed。見文章最后一句話。
三、解題步驟
根據(jù)上述分析我們看出，完成句子主要考察應(yīng)試者對于文章的主旨大意，事實與細(xì)節(jié)的把握能力，因此我們建議大家在做題時遵循下列的步驟：
1、先看文章的標(biāo)題。上面我們已經(jīng)談到，文章的題目高度概括了全文的意義�？忌欢ㄒ淖冎活櫩次恼露蛔⒁鈽�(biāo)題的習(xí)慣。了解了文章的標(biāo)題，全文的意思也就心中有底了。它不僅對完成抓大意的題目有意義，而且對正確的完成其它句子也有一定的啟示。
2、看完標(biāo)題后，緊接著通讀全文，不要急于做題。了解了文章的大意及基本事實和細(xì)節(jié)后再完成后面的題目。如果邊看題目邊到文章中去尋找相關(guān)的句子會出現(xiàn)“支離破碎”和“斷章取義”的現(xiàn)象，這對解題極為不利。
3、通讀完全文后，依次完成每個句子。對完全有把握的題目不必反復(fù)去看原文，對沒有把握、做不上來的題目，要根據(jù)題意，回到文章中去尋找與題意相關(guān)的句子。找到后加以對照，找出異同點，往往這里面包含著解題信息。
4、注意形式和內(nèi)容的統(tǒng)一。有的詞填上以后，雖然從句法的角度講得通，但對照原文，意義上不一定能講得通。所以在填每一個詞時，要從句子的搭配、上下文、邏輯思維等幾個方面綜合考慮，仔細(xì)推敲。
5、注意詞形變化。補(bǔ)全每個單詞后，要弄清補(bǔ)全的單詞在該句中的句法萬分和詞性要求，也就是說要注意其詞形變化。此外還要注意它的語法形式。如果該填的詞是名詞，就要考慮是否用復(fù)數(shù);如果該填的詞是形容詞，是否需要比較級的形式;如果填的是動名詞，就是考慮是用分詞形式，動名詞形式或不定式形式等等。這些細(xì)小的地方都不能忽略。
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