西餐英語禮儀學(xué)習(xí)
對于旅行者而言，餐桌禮儀(table manners)可是必修課。“孤獨(dú)星球”旅游指南特地為旅行者們盤點(diǎn)了各國的餐桌禮儀，以便他們能更好地“入鄉(xiāng)隨俗”。
Table manners are how to behave when you eat a meal. They include how to handle cutlery and how to eat in a civilized manner. The world’s largest travel and digital publisher, Lonely Planet has assembled etiquette tips. It warns of blunders you should avoid at table. “It celebrates the fun of travel. Sometimes they are funny and sometimes they are informative,” said US editor Robert Reid, whose team pulled together tidbits from various cross-cultural books.
餐桌禮儀指的是你的用餐行為準(zhǔn)則，包括如何使用餐具以及如何文明進(jìn)餐。全球最大的旅行指南數(shù)字出版商“孤獨(dú)星球”最近匯集了各類餐桌禮儀，并列出了餐桌禁忌警示。美國編輯羅伯特?瑞得同自己的團(tuán)隊(duì)將各類跨文化書籍中的珍聞搜集起來，他說：“此舉用來宣揚(yáng)旅行的樂趣，有時(shí)很有趣，有時(shí)也可以增長見聞。”
Eating 進(jìn)餐
Japan 日本
Lonely Planet: It is “perfectly” okay to slurp when you eat noodles.
“孤獨(dú)星球”：吃面時(shí)“滋滋”出聲是“完全”沒有問題的。
Tradition: Unlike making big noises, slurping mildly is not rude but is a compliment to the chef. Japanese also say it tastes better if you slurp.
文化傳統(tǒng)：不同于制造高分貝噪音，吃面時(shí)自然地發(fā)出輕微的聲音非但不粗魯，反而是種對廚師的贊美。日本人認(rèn)為吃面時(shí)發(fā)出聲音，面條的味道會(huì)更好。
What else to watch: It’s important to say traditional phrases of thanks before and after a meal.
其他注意事項(xiàng)：飯前飯后說些感謝客套話是很有必要的。
Eat sushi whole. Dip the fish part rather than the rice into soy sauce.
壽司要一口吃掉。應(yīng)該用魚生的部分來蘸取醬油，而不是米飯的部分。
Russia 俄羅斯
Lonely Planet: Your wrists should be placed on the edge of the table while eating, fork in left hand, knife in the right.
“孤獨(dú)星球”：用餐時(shí)手腕要放在桌子邊緣，左手拿叉，右手拿刀。
Tradition: Keep your hands in sight. It is not good manners to rest them on your lap. Keep your elbows off the table.
文化傳統(tǒng)：雙手要保持在別人的視線內(nèi)。把雙手搭在大腿上這是不禮貌的，也不要將肘部放在桌子上。
What else to watch: Leave some food on your plate to show that the host has given you enough to eat. Or the host will ask if you’d like to have a second helping. It’s polite to mop up excess sauce or gravy with bread.
其他注意事項(xiàng)：不要吃光盤中的食物，以此來表示主人為你準(zhǔn)備了充足的食物。否則主人會(huì)問你是否需要再來一份。用面包將余下的.醬汁或肉汁抹干凈吃掉也是禮貌的做法。
Portugal 葡萄牙
Lonely Planet: Don’t ask for salt and pepper if it is not on the table. “Asking for any kind of seasoning or condiment” will offend the cook.
“孤獨(dú)星球”：如果桌子上沒有擺放鹽或胡椒瓶，不能主動(dòng)去索要。“索要任何調(diào)味品或佐料”都會(huì)冒犯到廚師。
Tradition: Cooks are highly respected in Portugal.
文化傳統(tǒng)：在葡萄牙，廚師是非常受人尊重的。
What else to watch: Place your napkin on your lap, and don’t eat with your fingers. Don’t switch cutlery between hands.
其他注意事項(xiàng)：將餐巾鋪在大腿上，不要用手吃東西。不要雙手交換使用餐具。
France 法國
Lonely Planet: never discuss money or religion over dinner. Going Dutch is considered “the height of unsophistication”.
“孤獨(dú)星球”：餐桌上不要討論金錢或宗教信仰問題。在法國人眼中，AA制會(huì)被視作極其不通世故的。
Tradition: In France, a meal is like a ceremony. People relish it and make it’s a special occasion.
文化傳統(tǒng)：在法國，用餐就像是一種儀式。人們享受這一過程，并將其看作是一種特殊場合。
What else to watch: In contrast to the etiquette in Russia, it’s considered good manners to finish everything on your plate.
其他注意事項(xiàng)：與俄羅斯的餐桌禮儀相反，在法國吃光盤中餐被認(rèn)為是一種禮貌行為。
People often cut bread directly on a table cloth rather than on a plate. Tear your bread into bite-sized pieces before eating. Taking a bite from the whole piece is very impolite。
人們通常直接在桌布上切面包，而不是盤子上。吃之前要先將面包撕成小塊。拿著整個(gè)面包咬著吃很不禮貌。
Mexico 墨西哥
Lonely Planet: Whenever you catch the eye of someone who’s eating, even a stranger, it’s good manners to say “provecho”， which means enjoy.
“孤獨(dú)星球”：如果你跟某個(gè)正在用餐的人目光相遇，哪怕是陌生人，你也應(yīng)禮貌地說：“provecho”， 即“祝您好胃口”的意思。
Tradition: In Mexico, dining is more than a meal. It’s a social occasion - lunches are rarely quick and suppers can last for hours.
文化傳統(tǒng)：在墨西哥，就餐不僅僅是填飽肚子那么簡單，更是一種社交場合——午餐很少會(huì)匆忙結(jié)束戰(zhàn)斗，晚飯要吃上幾個(gè)小時(shí)。
What else to watch: Where you sit matters in the country. Before you get seated, look for place cards, or wait until the host seats you.
其他注意事項(xiàng)：在墨西哥，你就坐的位置很重要。就坐前，要看清座位卡，或是等主人領(lǐng)你就坐。
And you must say “enjoy your meal” before you leave the table.
離席前一定要說：“請慢用!”
Drinking 飲酒
Lonely Planet has offered helpful drinking tips.
“孤獨(dú)星球”還提供了實(shí)用的《飲酒小貼士》。
America 在美國
If you empty a bottle into someone’s glass, it obliges that person to buy the next bottle. It’s polite to put the last drops into your own glass.
如果你將瓶中剩下的酒都倒進(jìn)某人的杯中，那么這個(gè)人就不得不再買一瓶酒。因此禮貌的做法是將最后一滴酒倒入自己杯中。
Australia 在澳大利亞
In a pub it’s customary to buy a round of drinks for everyone in your group. When it’s your turn say “It’s my round”. They’ll make it up to you when it’s their round. Don’t leave before you’ve bought a round.
在酒吧里，按照慣例，每個(gè)人都要為所有同伴買酒。輪到你時(shí)，你要說：“讓我來請大家喝酒。”輪到別人時(shí)，他們也會(huì)做東答謝你。如果你想離開，也要等到請完酒之后再走。
Japan 在日本
Don’t fill your own glass of alcohol, instead, you should pour for others and wait for them to reciprocate.
不要自己給自己斟酒。相反，你應(yīng)該為別人斟酒，然后再等別人來為你斟酒。
Russia 俄羅斯
Adhere to the vodka rituals. Vodka is for toasting, not sipping. Men, but not women, are expected to down shots in one gulp. Never mix vodka with another beverage or dilute it. And don’t place an empty bottle on the table - it must be placed on the floor.
要遵守喝伏特加的禮節(jié)。伏特加是用來敬酒的，不能啜飲。男士要一飲而盡，女士則不用。一定不要將伏特加與其他飲料混合，也不要稀釋它。不要將空瓶放在桌上，一定要放在地上。
Sweden 在瑞典
It’s considered impolite to clink glasses unless you say “cheers”.
碰杯被認(rèn)為是不禮貌的，除非當(dāng)你說“干杯”時(shí)。
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