雅思討論類論文寫作結(jié)構(gòu)
拿到一個(gè)雅思題目,很多考生都不知所措,不知如何下手,其實(shí)在面對(duì)一個(gè)考題時(shí)正確的做法是先審題,后得出文章結(jié)構(gòu),再做Brainstorming,然后再下筆寫文章。上面可稱為動(dòng)筆前的解題三部曲。
本文,將為大家介紹第二步得出文章結(jié)構(gòu)的一些技巧。
從應(yīng)考方面而言,在接觸一個(gè)雅思議論文題目時(shí),我們必須要掌握的是文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)慕Y(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)觀點(diǎn)的表達(dá)有事半功倍的作用。近幾年的雅思議論文考題,可以歸納為兩大類:討論類和分析解決型。
I 討論類
1. Definition:
何為討論類文章,即對(duì)一個(gè)給定的觀點(diǎn)以及與其相對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行討論,或就一個(gè)話題的兩個(gè)對(duì)立的方面:積極和消極方面進(jìn)行探討,發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)。顧名思義,討論類文章分為觀點(diǎn)類討論和優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)討論。這兩種議論類型所對(duì)應(yīng)的問(wèn)題模式常見(jiàn)的有:Do you agree or disagree, What is your opinion? To what extent do you agree or disagree?等。請(qǐng)看下面的列表來(lái)熟悉此類問(wèn)題模式。
1). Nowadays, some universities offer students skills that assist them to find employment, but some people believe that the main function of a university should be to provide students with access to knowledge for its sake. What is your opinion?
2). Some people think that using animals for experimentation purpose is necessary for the development of science. Do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
3). The main purpose of public libraries is to provide books and they should not waste their limited resources and space on providing expensive hi-tech media such as computer software, videos and DVDs. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
4). Tourism is becoming a good source of revenue for many countries. Discuss both the advantages and disadvantages of exploring this resource.
5). In many countries, the number of elderly people is increasing fast. Does this trend have more positive or negative effects on the society?
以上五題中有對(duì)一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)發(fā)表自己觀點(diǎn)的,也有給出兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)再發(fā)表自己觀點(diǎn)的,也有對(duì)一個(gè)話題的兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行論述的,這些都屬于討論類,其中1、2、3題屬于觀點(diǎn)類討論,而4、5題為優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)討論。
2. 結(jié)構(gòu)分析
單邊論證
熟悉了問(wèn)題模式后,我們來(lái)分析一下其所對(duì)應(yīng)的文章結(jié)構(gòu)。以上五種問(wèn)題模式,考生在未接觸雅思前較熟悉的是Do you agree or disagree?和 What is your opinion?而通常這兩類問(wèn)題所對(duì)應(yīng)的文章可以用以下的五段論結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)完成:引言段(introduction)提出觀點(diǎn),正文(body)三段通過(guò)三個(gè)理由來(lái)對(duì)觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行論證,結(jié)尾段(conclusion)重申一下自己的觀點(diǎn)。因?yàn)榇朔N結(jié)構(gòu)只對(duì)自己支持的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行論證,因此叫單邊論證,可以用下圖來(lái)表示:
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