高中階段It常用句型解析及運用
一、It作形式主語1.It 代替不定式,常用于下列結構:
It+ be+ adj./ n. +( for sb )to do sth;
It+ be+ adj. +of sb to do sth
It takes +sb+一段時間+ to do
①It is important for us to master a foreign language.對于我們來說,掌握一門外語是十分重要的。
②It is very kind of you to help me with my English.你幫我學英語,真是太好了。
③It will take about two days to drive to Shanghai.開車去上海大約要兩天的時間。
2.It代替動名詞,常用于下列句型中:
It is no use doing sth. 做……沒有用。
It is no good doing sth. 做……沒好處
It is fun doing sth. 做……有趣
①It’s no use crying over spilt milk.覆水難收。
②It’s no good eating some fast food.吃快餐是沒有好處的。
③It’s great fun jumping into the swimming pool in summer.夏天跳進游泳池里游泳是件有趣的事。
3.It代替that從句,常用于下列句型中:
It be +adj./ n. +that從句
It be +過去分詞+ that 從句
It seems / appears / happens / turns out that 從句
It occurred to sb+ that從句
①I don’t know the restaurant, but it’s said that it’s quite a good one.
我不知道這家飯館,但聽說相當不錯。
②It is clear that he has made a mistake. 很明顯他犯了一個錯誤。
③It turns out that we’ll have a happy, peaceful festival.結果是我們又將度過一個歡樂祥和的節(jié)日。
④It occurred to me that I had left the key at home.我突然想到我把鑰匙落在家里了。
二、It 作形式賓語
1.當賓語是動詞不定式、動名詞、賓語從句,且其后有賓語補足語時,為了保持句子結構的平衡,通常用it作形式賓語,而將真正的賓語置于句末。常用it作形式賓語的動詞有:believe相信,find發(fā)現(xiàn),feel感覺,think認為,guess猜想,discover發(fā)現(xiàn),notice注意到,make使……,讓……等。
①I don’t think it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.我認為要掌握一門外語而沒有大量的記憶是不可能的。
②I feel it hard to persuade my father to give up his plan.我覺得說服父親放棄計劃很難。
③He makes it a rule to keep a diary every day.寫日記成了他每天的習慣。
④Don’t take it for granted that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most successful. 不要認為那些在入學考試中考得高分的就是最成功的人。
2.某些及物動詞或短語不能直接加賓語從句,此時須用it作虛設賓語,然后接賓語從句,此種用法常用于like,dislike,hate, appreciate, depend on等后。
①I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.我討厭人說話時嘴里含著食物。
②I like it when you kiss me.我喜歡你吻我的時候。
③You may depend on it that all the goods will be shipped abroad in time.你可以相信所有的貨物都會及時用船運到國外去。
④I’d appreciate it if you would like to help me to solve the problem.
如果你肯幫我解決那個問題。
三、It 引起的幾個易混時間句型
1.It’s time…該做……
本結構中,time之后可接動詞不定式或that 從句,在從句中謂語動詞用虛擬語氣,用“should+動詞原形”(should不可省略)或用動詞的過去式。
①It’s time for us to have breakfast.該吃早飯了。
②It’s time that I picked up my son from school.我該去接我的兒子了。 2. It/ That / This + was + the first (second…) time that sb had done sth.這是sb第幾次做sth。
此結構中,主語除了用it之外,還可以用this, that等,其中序數(shù)詞也可以修飾day,month,year等名詞。That從句中一般使用完成時態(tài)。
①This is the first time that he has visited China.這是他第一次到中國旅行。
②It was the fourth time that they had defeated the Japanese team.這是他們第四次擊敗日本隊。
3. It was / took long( hours, days, years, etc )+before sb did sth. 過了多久……才……
It will be/ take long( hours, days, years, etc) +befor sb do sth. 要過多久……才……
以上結構表示某一動作從現(xiàn)在起到將來某時刻之前發(fā)生的這一段時間,也可以表示某一動作從過去某時刻起直到過去另一時刻發(fā)生的若干時間。
①It will be/ take two years before we meet again.我們兩年之后再見面。
②It was / took a long time before I got to sleep last night.昨晚我很長時間才入睡。
4.It is +years(days, weeks, months, etc) +since sb did sth.,本結構表示某一動作或狀態(tài)的結束是以since從句來表現(xiàn)的。
—What is the party like?聚會進行得怎樣?
—Wonderful. It is years since I enjoyed myself so much.很好。我好幾年沒有玩得這么開心了。
5.It is/ was +具體時間+when從句
本結構是定語從句句型,具體時間是先行詞,關系副詞when引導定語從句。
①It’s 8 o’clock when I get home from work every day. 每天我下班回家時已經八點了。
②It was six o’clock in the morning when they got up and did morning exercises.他們起床早操是在早上六點鐘。
四、it 作強調詞,構成強調結構
強調句型的基本形式是:It is / was +被強調部分+ that / who +其余部分。這一句型通常強調主語、賓語、表語及狀語,一般不強調謂語。
1.注意謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)的一致性。
在強調句型中,當強調主語時,其后謂語動詞應和被強調部分的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。
①It is Mary and Tom who often do good deeds.是瑪麗和湯姆一直在做好事。
②It is I who am going to Shenzhen next month.是我下個月要去深圳。
2.在強調時間、地點、原因或方式狀語時,要用that而不用when,where,why或how。
①It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.大約600多年前,第一個帶有鐘面和時針的鐘面世了。
②It was in Greece that Olymhttps://p.9136.com/28petitions first started.奧林匹克競賽始于希臘。
③It was because her mother was ill that she was absent from the meeting yesterday. 昨天是因為她媽媽生病了,她才沒有來開會。
3.對not…until結構中until引導的短語或從句進行強調時,需用“It is/ was not until… that…”這一固定句型。That從句中謂語動詞要用肯定式。
①It is not until he approves that we will start our project.直到他同意我們,才會開始我們的項目。
②It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcasts began.直到1920年,正式的廣播才開始出現(xiàn)。
4.特殊疑問句只有疑問詞可以被強調,其句型是:疑問詞+is/ was +it+that從句。當這個強調句用作從句時,強調句式用陳述句語序。
①I have always been honest and straight forward, and it doesn’t matter who it is I’m talking to.我一直是個誠實和直爽的人,我在和誰說話并不重要。
②When was it that you began to learn French?你是從什么時候開始學法語的?
③I really didn’t know where it was that the old man lost his purse.
我真不知道老人是在什么地方丟了錢包。
五、強調句與主語從句及定語從句的辨析
1.含有主語從句的句子譯成漢語時,不可加上“正是”或“就是”之類的字眼,而強調結構可以;含有主語從句的句子若去掉“It be…who/ that…”,則原句結構和意義均不成立,而強調句去掉結構標志仍成立。試比較:
It is important that you study hard at young age.年輕時努力學習非常重要。(主語從句)
It was in the street that we happened to see her.在街上我們碰巧遇見了她。(強調結構)
2.若that或who 可有可無(結合it be分析),則為強調結構,否則是定語從句。試比較:
It was Tom who came from a small mountain village that won the first prize in the contest.正是湯姆,一個來自于小山村的男孩,獲得了比賽的第一名。
who在從句中作主語,不可省略,故本句為定語從句;后面的that連詞同it was 可以去掉,整個句子為強調結構。
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