高中英語(yǔ)新教材的體會(huì)
高中英語(yǔ)新教材體現(xiàn)了以學(xué)生的發(fā)展為出發(fā)點(diǎn)和歸宿,滲透了一系列新的理念。其目的不僅是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的綜合語(yǔ)言能力,發(fā)展學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力,還幫助學(xué)生形成正確的世界觀、人生觀和價(jià)值觀;同時(shí)也有助于培養(yǎng)教師和學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新精神。經(jīng)過(guò)一年的教學(xué)實(shí)踐我有以下幾點(diǎn)體會(huì):一、加強(qiáng)單元整體觀念
教師在考慮整個(gè)單元的教學(xué)計(jì)劃、教學(xué)方法前必須掌握本單元的教學(xué)內(nèi)容,分析哪些是教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)、哪些是教學(xué)的難點(diǎn)。這樣有利于合理、科學(xué)地安排各課時(shí)的教學(xué)內(nèi)容、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn),做到課時(shí)與課時(shí)之間的相互銜接。教材每個(gè)單元都有一個(gè)總的warming-up,這一warming-up是整個(gè)單元內(nèi)容的引入。如Book lA Unit 5 The silver screen,所以本單元的Warming up就是與熒屏有關(guān)。
除了單元總的Warming-up外,我們平時(shí)的每一節(jié)課前都設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)warming-up,而這個(gè)warming-up就是上節(jié)課的回顧和本節(jié)課的引入,所以在備課時(shí)就要考慮到前一課時(shí)與本一課時(shí)的自然銜接。每單元的課時(shí)內(nèi)容安排可以根據(jù)教材的編排順序從warming-up,listening,speaking,reading,integrating skills,再到work book中的listening,talking,integrating skills;也可根據(jù)本單元的內(nèi)容以及教師的思路安排每課時(shí)的教學(xué)內(nèi)容,因?yàn)槲矣X(jué)得新教材體現(xiàn)了在理解學(xué)生的興趣和困難的基礎(chǔ)上,教師可以進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造性的和獨(dú)立自主的教學(xué),所以有時(shí)我就用WB中的listening,或SB中speaking作為reading的引入。如Book lA. Unit 1的課時(shí)我們是這樣安排的:
The first period:Warming up & speaking:Topic:Good friend The second period:Reading (Integrating skills:SB and WB & writing.)
Topic:Different kinds of good friends e-pal How to get in touch with a pen-friend,or pen- pal writing e-mail.The third period Reading“Huck’s Friend”(We have different kinds of friends.and we’ll see what kind of friend Huck has)The fourth period:Listening & speaking(SB and WB)Friends have the same interest and opinion but friends can also have different interests or opinions.How to solve the problems Good friends should…
The fifth period:Grammar:Good friends should have……/Good friends→should be.The grammar“direct speech and indirect speech.”The sixth period:Revision:Word study,vocabulary,grammar and so on.
二、精心設(shè)計(jì)“任務(wù)型”的教學(xué)活動(dòng)
教師在教授語(yǔ)言知識(shí)與語(yǔ)言技能的同時(shí),還應(yīng)注意發(fā)展學(xué)生的智力,培養(yǎng)其可持續(xù)發(fā)展所需要的創(chuàng)新精神與實(shí)踐能力,每節(jié)課都應(yīng)盡可能地提供一個(gè)真實(shí)情景,設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)可操作的“任務(wù)型”活動(dòng),而這一活動(dòng)一般都以話題為核心,以結(jié)構(gòu)和功能項(xiàng)目為主線,在聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫教學(xué)活動(dòng)中,安排不同層次和多種形式的實(shí)踐活動(dòng),這樣的“任務(wù)型”活動(dòng)可以在教材的各個(gè)部分中去尋找。在設(shè)計(jì)“任務(wù)型”活動(dòng)時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意以學(xué)生的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和興趣為出發(fā)點(diǎn),使學(xué)生感到真實(shí)感。這樣就能促使學(xué)生綜合地運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言,去獲取、處理和使用信息,用英語(yǔ)與他人交流,解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題和完成某個(gè)任務(wù),這就培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的合作意識(shí),同時(shí)也使學(xué)生體驗(yàn)到運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的成就感。如果學(xué)生對(duì)教師所設(shè)計(jì)的“任務(wù)型”活動(dòng)很感興趣,他們就會(huì)愿講、多講。
老師不必?fù)?dān)心教學(xué)任務(wù)難以完成,其實(shí)學(xué)英語(yǔ)在某種程度上是學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)的,而不是教師教會(huì)的。況且,學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的目的就是為了交流,如果學(xué)生在課堂上能滔滔不絕地講,就不用擔(dān)心學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)學(xué)不好,相反,如果學(xué)生在課堂上不愿講而靠老師講,那肯定是學(xué)不好英語(yǔ)的,當(dāng)然也沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)以學(xué)生為主體的教學(xué)原則。即使是語(yǔ)法教學(xué)也可設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)可以操作的“任務(wù)型”活動(dòng),如教定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),我們先安排學(xué)唱英語(yǔ)歌曲,第一遍學(xué)生聽(tīng)并且填所缺的詞,第二遍學(xué)生一起唱,第三遍就請(qǐng)兩位學(xué)生表演唱,然后老師就引出:
1)XXX is the student who sings us the song.
2)XXX is the student who also sings us the song.
3)XXX and XXX are the students who sing us the song.
引出之后老師可以設(shè)計(jì)幾個(gè)任務(wù):
Task 1.Free talking using attributive clause.( )is a person( ).
Task 2. Complete the sentences:1.A bookworm is a person who( ).
2.A sports fan is a person( ).
3.A nurse( ).
4.A clock is a machine( ).
Task 3. Complete the sentences.(Unit 4)
1.Zhang Heng is the man who( )seismograph in 132.
2.Howard Carter is the man who( )King Tut’s tomb in 1937.
3.The Titanic is the ship( ) after hitting an iceberg.
4.Beijing is the city( )has got the chance to host the 2008 Olympic Games.
Task4:Pair work One speaks Chinese and the other speaks English.
Task 5:Practice:teacher,is easy going/treat us as friends;gives us a lot of homework,never makes jokes Model:
A good teacher is one who is easy going.
A good teacher is one who treats us as friends.
A teacher who gives us a lot of homework is not a good one.
A teacher who never makes jokes is not a good one.
根據(jù)上述models教師提供:mum/dad,classmate,boyfriend/girlfriend…讓學(xué)生組織句子。這樣的教學(xué)就體現(xiàn)了“以學(xué)生發(fā)展為本,以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言能力為目標(biāo)的教學(xué)框架。所謂以學(xué)生發(fā)展為本就是在教學(xué)活動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)中以學(xué)生為主體,體現(xiàn)出學(xué)生在課堂上有事可做。
三、加強(qiáng)閱讀教學(xué)
閱讀能力是大部分學(xué)生今后繼續(xù)深造以及工作所需要的主要語(yǔ)言技能,也是各種考試的主要內(nèi)容之一。從語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)的規(guī)律來(lái)看,英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用能力的提高是建立在大量的語(yǔ)言輸入,尤其是大量的閱讀的基礎(chǔ)之上的。
因此我們?cè)诮虒W(xué)中必須十分注重閱讀能力的培養(yǎng),我們對(duì)教材中的每一篇閱讀材料都要充分地利用,除了每單元的三篇閱讀材料外我們基本上每一單元后再補(bǔ)充一篇與本單元內(nèi)容有關(guān)的課外閱讀;單元中的language points,grammar有時(shí)多講點(diǎn)與少講點(diǎn)關(guān)系不是很大,因?yàn)檫@種內(nèi)容重復(fù)率很高的,即使課文中沒(méi)講到,練習(xí)中也會(huì)出現(xiàn)。閱讀教學(xué)我們基本上也采用常見(jiàn)的模式:fast-reading、careful reading.Fast-reading的問(wèn)題只要求學(xué)生快速閱讀就能找到即可:careful reading的問(wèn)題可設(shè)計(jì)一些細(xì)節(jié)的尋找(time and places,characters…)、分析判斷、推理等方面的問(wèn)題。如Book LA Unit 4 Reading The Rescue Fast-reading Questions:
1)What natural disaster did Flora and Jeff meet?
2)What rescued them?
Careful-reading:Questions:
1)At the beginning of the story what did Flora hear and see?
2)Where did she see a wall of water that Was quickly advancing towards her? 3)What Was Flora‘S feeling?
4)Where Was Flora when the flood began?
5)Can you describe the house?
6)How many parts can the passage be divided into according to the change of the places?
Discussion:
1)What do you think of Jeff/Flora?
2)What Can we learn from the story?
四、如何處理聽(tīng)力材料
聽(tīng)力分為聽(tīng)力測(cè)試(Listening test)和聽(tīng)力教學(xué)(Listening teaching),有的老師所重視的聽(tīng)力多數(shù)是屬于聽(tīng)力測(cè)試,即根據(jù)聽(tīng)力材料選擇正確的答案,因此從高一開始就在進(jìn)行高考聽(tīng)力的模擬訓(xùn)練。而教材中的聽(tīng)力材料可以作為聽(tīng)力教學(xué)的材料,它有各種形式的答題要求,如:填空題、回答題、完成句子、正誤判斷等;蛟S學(xué)生一開始會(huì)覺(jué)得難度較大,甚至有的老師也這樣認(rèn)為,據(jù)了解有的學(xué)?赡馨堰@部分的內(nèi)容刪去了。其實(shí)在聽(tīng)力教學(xué)中關(guān)鍵是教師對(duì)聽(tīng)力材料作如何的處理,我們經(jīng)常做一些“化難為易,化繁為簡(jiǎn)”的處理工作。
如對(duì)Book LA Unit 3中的listening我們采用了下列的教學(xué)步驟:Step 1.Lead-in.
1.What‘s the date today?(Because it Was iust before National Day)
2.What important day will be soon?
3.What will you do in the holiday?
4.Would you like to travel?
5.Where can we go for a travel?——Forbidden City, Eiffel Tower,South Pole/North Pole,the moon,the Ocean…(let Ss say what they like to say.If the Ss don,t say some places,the teacher Can mention)。
6.How Can we travel?(by bus/traln/plane/spaceship/lift/swimming/walking.)
Step 2.Warming-up During National Day,we can go to many places by many means of transportation.So Let‘s make a trip plane for our National Day.——Ex 3 on page 15.You have four choices.Go to london from Shanghai.from Being to Guang Zhou,from Chongqing to Chengdu,from Da lian to Qingdao. Think it over and decide:Which places would you like to go?How would you like to go there? Why?
What would you like to do there?
Suggested answer:I‘d like to go to Qingdao from Dalian by ship because I can enjoy the beautiful sea sights.I will swim in the sea and eat sea food in Qingdao.
Step 3.Li Stening After talking about our trip plan,Let’s lidten to other travelers’plants/experiences.There are five travelers. Listen carefully and find out:Where are they? What did they do? How did they travel?(Finish listening Ex 2)
Step 4.Speaking We Can go to many places by bus…。even by spaceship? In the future,space travel won‘t be very difficult with the development of technology.Imagine there is a time machine,with it you can travel to the past or the future.You can visit any year you want.So discuss with your partner:Which year would you like to go to ? Where would you go? Why? Then make up a dialogue following the example. Step 5.Conclusion Many people are interested in traveling because traveling is exciting and interesting.But remember:What should we do ? What should not we do during the travel?(Looking at the pictures in warming up Ex 1)Are the travelers doing right?
We should travel more because travel can help us a lot.But during the trip we should pay attention to the safety and protect the places of interest and environment.
這樣在聽(tīng)前進(jìn)行了一定的引導(dǎo)和鋪墊把聽(tīng)力材料化難為易,學(xué)生在聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練時(shí)就有了一定的思想準(zhǔn)備,不會(huì)覺(jué)得手忙腳亂,實(shí)現(xiàn)了聽(tīng)力教學(xué)所要達(dá)到的目的;同時(shí)使一整節(jié)課有機(jī)的結(jié)合起來(lái),步步緊扣。
五、備課組的合作意識(shí)
“集體備課,群策群力,集思廣益”既是外語(yǔ)教學(xué)質(zhì)量提高的重要手段,也是備課組活動(dòng)的主旋律。要提高整個(gè)年級(jí)學(xué)生的成績(jī),團(tuán)隊(duì)精神比獨(dú)斗單打更為重要,特別是現(xiàn)行的這套教材,內(nèi)容多、容量大、知識(shí)面廣,如果只憑一個(gè)人的精力、時(shí)間是忙不過(guò)來(lái)的,所以我們就利用備課組集體的力量,分頭準(zhǔn)備,如收集有關(guān)資料、探討教學(xué)方法,做到資源共享、資料統(tǒng)一、進(jìn)度統(tǒng)一、練習(xí)統(tǒng)一。經(jīng)過(guò)一年的教學(xué)實(shí)踐我們?nèi)〉昧溯^為理想的成果。
以上是我對(duì)高中英語(yǔ)新教材改革后幾點(diǎn)心得體會(huì)和在教學(xué)過(guò)程中我們遇到問(wèn)題時(shí)解決的方案。盡管新教材還有這樣或那樣的問(wèn)題,但我們認(rèn)為這是一本成功的教材,它為中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)進(jìn)行素質(zhì)教育開辟了道路,也為以后編寫出更好的教材奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
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