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英語(yǔ)畢業(yè)論文致謝怎么寫(xiě)
英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)畢業(yè)論文( thesis)一般被視為該專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)生所寫(xiě)的第一篇正規(guī)學(xué)術(shù)性論文，論文寫(xiě)作中的每個(gè)部分對(duì)該專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)都是十分重要的，當(dāng)然，“致謝”(acknowledgements)也不例外。學(xué)術(shù)性論文中的“致謝”是指作者以書(shū)面形式對(duì)幫助鼓勵(lì)過(guò)自己完成論文的人所表示的謝意，它是論文的有機(jī)組成部分，一般置于題名頁(yè)( title page)之后，獨(dú)立成篇、單另成頁(yè)。“致謝”不僅能反映論文的寫(xiě)作背景及作者學(xué)術(shù)的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)態(tài)度和道德，而且在一定程度上還能反映作者的學(xué)術(shù)水平。然而在指導(dǎo)學(xué)生論文寫(xiě)作的過(guò)程中，筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)，不少學(xué)生難于寫(xiě)好“致謝”。
一、問(wèn)題與分析
學(xué)生論文“致謝”寫(xiě)作時(shí)存在的問(wèn)題主要表現(xiàn)在以下三個(gè)方面。
1.對(duì)象不明。例如:
I am grateful tomy parents， without their support， I cannotfinish my thesis. I am also thankful to all my classmates andteachers， without their encouragement， I cannotgetdown towri?ting the thesis. And finally Iwant to thank the Foreign LanguagesDepartmentofXXX University forprovidingme a computer to typeand print outmy thesis.
從對(duì)象分析，該“致謝”盡管提到了父母、同學(xué)和老師，但排名先后順序不當(dāng)，而對(duì)導(dǎo)師(supervisor)的指導(dǎo)卻只字不提。
看來(lái)，學(xué)生還不清楚“致謝”的主要對(duì)象應(yīng)該是誰(shuí)。
2.文體混亂。例如:
Itwas really a laborious task to accomplishmy thesis. Manypeople gaveme support and help in the process ofwriting the pa?per. I’d like first to givemy gratitude tomy dear teacher， Pro.fXXX who generously gaveme her kind help and instructions dur?ing thewhole process ofmy paper-writing. Then I’d like to givemymany thanks tomy classmateswho helpedme a lotwithmy in?formation collecting and paper-polishing.
從文體上分析，此“致謝”混用了正式文體和非正式文體。
如laborious， gratitude屬正式文體語(yǔ)言，短語(yǔ)a lot和縮合詞I’d屬非正式文體語(yǔ)言。另外在此用dear teacher來(lái)表示“導(dǎo)師”也不當(dāng)或欠妥。可見(jiàn)學(xué)生尚未掌握“致謝”寫(xiě)作的文體。
3.內(nèi)容牽強(qiáng)。例如:
Iwould like to thankmy supervisor， Mrs. XXX who helpedme draw an outline of the thesis and correctmy mistakes in thethesis. Also Iwant to thank allmy teachers. I learned a lot fromthem， notonly the knowledge butalso theworking attitude. More?over， I thankmy classmates aswel.l During the studywe becamegood friends， and spenthappy time. And finally I am grateful tomy parents， without their support， I cannotaccomplishmy study.
從內(nèi)容來(lái)看，本“致謝”除第一句外，其他句子都與撰寫(xiě)論文無(wú)關(guān)，這表明學(xué)生不知道“致謝”內(nèi)容實(shí)質(zhì)是什么。
二、解決對(duì)策
在對(duì)以上所存在問(wèn)題的分析過(guò)程中，筆者對(duì)論文“致謝”的寫(xiě)作也進(jìn)行了一些研究。《英語(yǔ)科研論文寫(xiě)作概要》一書(shū)中這樣指出:“In western academic circles， there are strict con?ventions aboutwhat should be put in such an acknowledgement，and theway in which it should be written.”[1]由此可見(jiàn)，“致謝”寫(xiě)作是有一定規(guī)定的，因循慣例是關(guān)鍵，也是解決“致謝”寫(xiě)作問(wèn)題的對(duì)策。具體對(duì)策有以下三點(diǎn):
1. 明確“致謝”的對(duì)象
《英語(yǔ)科研論文寫(xiě)作概要》一書(shū)中還指出:”Generallyspeaking， thanks are rendered only to those who have helped thewriter academically….”[2]。具體說(shuō)來(lái)，“致謝的對(duì)象是在研究過(guò)程以及在論文的寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中、對(duì)作者的研究和成文起了一定的指導(dǎo)、幫助、支持和鼓勵(lì)作用的人員。”[3]由此看來(lái)，英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文“致謝”的對(duì)象應(yīng)主要是對(duì)論文進(jìn)行指導(dǎo)的導(dǎo)師，同時(shí)包括對(duì)論文提出過(guò)建議或意見(jiàn)的教師、同學(xué)和朋友，以及對(duì)論文寫(xiě)作提供具體幫助的機(jī)構(gòu)和關(guān)心論文的作者家人等。
2. 采用“致謝”寫(xiě)作的文體
“畢業(yè)論文或?qū)W士論文是一種研究性論文( research pa?per)。它的語(yǔ)氣、格調(diào)和格式不同于非正式文體……畢業(yè)論文是一種正規(guī)作文，必須遵循正規(guī)作文的規(guī)范。”[4]英語(yǔ)畢業(yè)論文屬研究性論文，在寫(xiě)作上理應(yīng)采用正式文體，“致謝”的文體也在其中，包括宜用學(xué)術(shù)性詞匯、采用單個(gè)動(dòng)詞、使用單詞的全拼形式、多用平行句子。例如:I also extend my sincere gratitude to ProfessorXXX for hisconstant support throughoutmywork on this thesis and forhis in?formed guidance and advice.
本句中使用的學(xué)術(shù)性詞匯有extend， sincere gratitude和informed guidance，這些詞匯的使用可使“致謝”嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、莊重。
I am most grateful to my supervisor Professor XXX withoutwhose support and patience this thesiswould not have been com?pleted.
此句中用了單個(gè)動(dòng)詞“completed”，意思比較明確，在此則不可采用短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“carried out”。因?yàn)槎陶Z(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為非正式語(yǔ)言，“短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往不止一種含義，而且常常難以確定，寫(xiě)專(zhuān)業(yè)論文時(shí)往往要用意義比較明確的單個(gè)動(dòng)詞來(lái)代替……”[5]carry out就有“實(shí)施(計(jì)劃)”、“舉行(義務(wù)、約定)”、等含義。
Iwould like to thank my supervisor Professor XXX withoutwhosemost helpful instructions and guidance， the completion ofthis thesiswould have been impossible.
此句中的“Iwould like to”不宜縮寫(xiě)為“I’d like to”。英語(yǔ)縮寫(xiě)詞“一般用于非正式文體。”[6]Iwould like to express my deep gratitude to my supervisorProfessorXXX for spendingmuch time reading and improving thisthesis.
Iwould also like to extendmy sincere thanks toMr. XXX forevaluatingmy thesis and offering valuable input.
Finally， Iwould like to give thanks tomy classmateXXX forfindingmemany valuable references in the course ofmywriting.
此“致謝”中的三個(gè)句子相互平行，結(jié)構(gòu)相似，均采用的是“Iwould like to do sth. to sb. fordoing sth.”這一句子結(jié)構(gòu)。
帶有平行結(jié)構(gòu)的句子常用于正式文體[7]，以表強(qiáng)調(diào)。
3.掌握“致謝”內(nèi)容的實(shí)質(zhì)
盡管英語(yǔ)畢業(yè)論文“致謝”的篇幅不大，但其內(nèi)容安排要求對(duì)其排列有序、段落層次分明、理由實(shí)在具體篇例如:I am most grateful to my supervisor Professor XXX withoutwhosemosthelpful instructions andwarm encouragement this the?siswould nothave been finished.
I am also grateful tomy classmates XXX and XXX for theirtime spentwithme discussing questions concerned.
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3.英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)畢業(yè)論文致謝詞
And lastly， special thanks go tomy parents andmy brotherwhohave always supportedme inmy endeavors to finish this thesis.
此“致謝”的對(duì)象包括導(dǎo)師、同學(xué)和家人，其感謝的順序是先導(dǎo)師、再同學(xué)、后家人，符合“致謝”寫(xiě)作的對(duì)象排序。
My sincerestgratitude goes tomy supervisorProfessorXXX.
She has helped me in choosing a suitable topic and guided methroughmy thesiswriting.
My special thanks also go to XXX and XXX， my goodfriends. They have recommended tome some usefulbooks relatedtomy thesis.
Finally， aword of appreciation to the School ofForeign Lan?guages for allowing me to use the reference room and computerroom formy research.
本“致謝”采用了分段感謝。第一段感謝導(dǎo)師幫助“我”選出論文的合適題目并指導(dǎo)完成論文;第二段感謝好朋友推薦給“我”一些與論文有關(guān)的有用書(shū)籍;最后一段感謝外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院允許“我”使用資料室和計(jì)算機(jī)室進(jìn)行研究。“致謝”對(duì)象各成一段，內(nèi)容明確、層次分明。
I would like to thank my supervisor Associate ProfessorXXX， who has givenme the considerable academic help and con?stant supportduringmy thesiswriting.
Iwould also like to thank my classmates XXX and XXX，who have spent time discussing questions concerned with me andofferedme kind advice about the thesis.
Finally， Iwould like to thank XXX Library， which has pro?videdmewith useful reference needed inmy thesis.
該“致謝”中感謝理由都與完成論文有關(guān)，而且具體實(shí)在。向?qū)熤轮x是因?yàn)樵?ldquo;我”論文寫(xiě)作期間導(dǎo)師提供了很大的學(xué)術(shù)幫助和不斷的支持。向同學(xué)致謝是因?yàn)樗麄兓〞r(shí)間跟“我”討論論文中的有關(guān)問(wèn)題并提出了好的意見(jiàn)。向XXX圖書(shū)館致謝是因?yàn)樗o“我”提供了有關(guān)論文的所需資料。
三、佐證示例
以下“致謝”對(duì)象具體、文體正式、格式規(guī)范，實(shí)事求是，態(tài)度誠(chéng)懇。比較符合西方英語(yǔ)學(xué)位論文“致謝”的寫(xiě)作這一具體要求:“Lauding one’s professors， and humbling one’s own e?fforts are considered inappropriate.”[8]AcknowledgementsIwould like to expressmy heartfeltgratitude tomy supervisorProfessorXXX forher encouragement， guidance and advice tomethroughout thewriting of this thesis.
Iwould also like to extend my sincere thanks to ProfessorXXX forhis insightfuladvice onmy choice of topic and his helpfulsuggestions.
In addition， I would like to thank my classmates XXX andXXX for their time spentbrainstorming and discussingwithme.
Finally， Iwould like to give special thanks toXXX Univers?ity for allowing me to use its library; the staff is of great assis?tance.
盡管英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文“致謝”的寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容因人而異，但“致謝”寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)大致如上所述，萬(wàn)變不離其宗。學(xué)生明確了“致謝”對(duì)象、了解了“致謝”的文體、掌握了“致謝”的寫(xiě)作實(shí)質(zhì)，并應(yīng)用這些寫(xiě)作要領(lǐng)，寫(xiě)好“致謝”就不再難了。
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3.英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)畢業(yè)論文致謝詞
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