SCI論文寫作指南
SCI論文是指有系統(tǒng)的、較專門的討論或研究某科學(xué)領(lǐng)域中的問題,表述科學(xué)研究成果的文章，下面是小編搜集整理的SCI論文寫作指南，歡迎閱讀查看。
一、寫作框架和各部分要求
Title: Be short, accurate, and unambiguous; Give your paper a distinct personality; Begin with the subject of the study.
Introduction: What is known; What is unknown; Why we did this study?
Methods: Participants, subjects; Measurements; Outcomes and explanatory variables; Statistical methods.
Results: Sample characteristics; Univariate analyses; Bivariate analyses; Multivariate analyses.
Tables and figures: No more than six tables or figures; Use Table 1 for sample characteristics (no P values); Put most important findings in a figure.
Discussion: State what you found; Outline the strengths and limitation s of the study; Discuss the relevance to current literature; Outline your implication s with a clear "So what?" and "Where now?"
References: All citation s must be accurate; Include only the most important, most rigorous, and most recent literature; Quote only published journal articles or books; Never quote "second hand"; Cite only 20-35 references.
Formatting: Include the title, author, page numbers, etc. in headers and footers; Start each section on a new page; Format titles and subtitles con sistently; Comply with "Instruction s to authors".
二、英文寫作的語(yǔ)言技巧
1. Introduction：
A. 如何指出當(dāng)前研究的不足并有目的地引導(dǎo)出自己研究的重要性?在敘述前人成果之后，用However來引導(dǎo)不足，提出一種新方法或新方向。如：However, little information(little attention/little work/little data/little research……)(or few studies/few investigation s/few researchers/few attempts……)(or no/none of these studies……)has(have)been done on(focused on/attempted to/conducted/investigated/studied(with respect to))。如：Previous research (studies, records) has (have) failed to con sider/ ignored/ misinterpreted/ neglected to/overestimated, underestimated/misleaded. thus, these previous results are inconclisive, misleading, unsatisfactory, questionable, controversial. Uncertainties (discrepancies) still exist……研究方法和方向與前人一樣時(shí)，可通過以下方式強(qiáng)調(diào)自己工作：However, data is still scarce(rare, less accurate)，We need to(aim to, have to) provide more documents(data, records, studies, increase the dataset). Further studies are still necessary(essential)……
強(qiáng)調(diào)自己研究的重要性，一般還要在However之前介紹與自己研究問題相反或相關(guān)的問題。比如：(1)時(shí)間問題;(2)研究手段問題;(3)研究區(qū)域問 題;(4)不確定性;(5)提出自己的假設(shè)來驗(yàn)證。如果你研究的問題在時(shí)間上比較新，你可大量提及時(shí)間較老問題的研究及重要性，然后(However)表 明“對(duì)時(shí)間尺度比較新的問題研究不足”;如果你的是一種新的研究手段或研究方向，你可提出當(dāng)前流行的方法及其物質(zhì)性質(zhì)，然后(However)說對(duì)你所研 究的方向方法研究甚少;如果研究涉及區(qū)域問題，就先總結(jié)相鄰區(qū)域或其它區(qū)域的研究，然后(However)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一區(qū)域的研究不足;雖然前人對(duì)某一問題研 究很多，但目前有兩種或更多種觀點(diǎn)，這種uncertainties或 ambiguities值得進(jìn)一步澄清;如果自己的研究是全是新的，沒有前人的工作可對(duì)比，你就可以自信地說“根據(jù)假設(shè)提出的過程，存在這種可能的結(jié)果， 本文就是要證實(shí)這種結(jié)果”等等。We aim to test the feasibility (reliability) of the……It is hoped that the question will be resolved (fall away) with our proposed method (approach).
B. 提出自己的觀點(diǎn)：We aim to//This paper reports on//This paper provides results//This paper extends the method//This paper focus on……The purpose of this paper is to……Furthermore, Moreover, In addition, we will also discuss……
C. 圈定自己的研究范圍：introduction的另一個(gè)作用就是告訴讀者(包括reviewer)，你文章的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容。如果處理不 好，reviewer會(huì)提出嚴(yán)厲的建議，比如你沒有考慮某種可能性，某種研究手段等。為減少這種爭(zhēng)論，在前言的結(jié)尾就必須明確提出本文研究的范圍：(1) 時(shí)間尺度;(2) 研究區(qū)域等。如涉及較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)序，你可明確提出本文只關(guān)心某一特定時(shí)間范圍的問題，We preliminarily focus on the older (younger)……如有兩種時(shí)間尺度 (long-term and short term)，你可說兩者都重要，但是本文只涉及其中一種。研究區(qū)域的問題，和時(shí)間問題一樣，也需明確提出你只關(guān)心某一特定區(qū)域!
D. 最后的圓場(chǎng)：在前言的最后，還可以總結(jié)性地提出“這一研究對(duì)其它研究有什么幫助”;或者說further studies on……will be summarized in our next study (or elsewhere)。總之，其目的就是讓讀者把思路集中到你要討論的問題上來。盡量減少不必要的爭(zhēng)論(arguments)。
2. Discussion：
A. 怎樣提出觀點(diǎn)：在提出自己的觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，采取什么樣的策略很重要，不合適的句子通常會(huì)遭到reviewer置疑。(1)如果觀點(diǎn)不是這篇文章最新提出的，通常要用We confirm that……(2)對(duì)于自己很自信的觀點(diǎn)，可用We believe that……(3)通常，由數(shù)據(jù)推斷出一定的結(jié)論，用Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that……(4) 在極其特別時(shí)才可用We put forward(discover, observe)……"for the first time"來強(qiáng)調(diào)自己的創(chuàng)新……(5) 如果自己對(duì)所提出的觀點(diǎn)不完全肯定，可用We tentatively put forward (interrprete this to…)Or The results may be due to (caused by) attributed to resulted from……Or This is probably a con sequence of……It seems that……can account for (interpret) this……Or It is posible that it stem from……要注意這些結(jié)構(gòu)要合理搭配。如果通篇是類型1)和5)，那這篇文章的意義就大打折扣。如果全是2)，肯定會(huì)遭到置疑。所以要仔細(xì)分析自己成果的創(chuàng)新性以及可信度。
B. 連接詞與邏輯：寫英文論文最常見的毛病是文章的邏輯不清楚，解決方法如下。
(1)注意句子上下連貫，不能讓句子獨(dú)立。常見的連接詞有，However, also, in addition, co nsequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results, thus, therefore……用好連接詞能使文章層次清楚，意思明確。比如，敘述有時(shí)間順序的事件或文獻(xiàn)，最早的文獻(xiàn)可用AA advocated it for the first time.接下來可用Then BB further demon strated that. 再接下來，可用Afterwards, CC……如果還有，可用More recent studies by DD……如果敘述兩種觀點(diǎn)，要把它們截然分開AA put forward that……In contrast, BB believe or Unlike AA, BB suggest or On the contrary (表明前面觀點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤)，如果只表明兩種觀點(diǎn)對(duì)立，用in contrast BB……如果兩種觀點(diǎn)相近,可用AA suggest……Similarily, alternatively, BB……Or Also, BB or BB allso does……表示因果或者前后關(guān)系可用Con sequently, therefore, as a result……表明遞進(jìn)關(guān)系可用furthermore, further, moreover, in addition……寫完一段英文，最好首先檢查是否較好地應(yīng)用了這些連接詞。
(2) 注意段落布局的整體邏輯：經(jīng)常我們要敘述一個(gè)問題的幾個(gè)方面。這種情況下，一定要注意邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)。第一段要明確告訴讀者你要討論幾個(gè)部份……Therefore, there are three aspects of this problem have to be addressed. The first question involves……The second problem relates to……The third aspect deals with……清晰地把觀點(diǎn)逐層敘述。也可以直接用First, Second, Third, Finally……當(dāng)然，F(xiàn)urthermore, in addition等可以用來補(bǔ)充說明。
(3) 討論部份的整體結(jié)構(gòu)：小標(biāo)題是把問題分為幾個(gè)片段的好方法。通常第一個(gè)片段指出文章最重要的數(shù)據(jù)或結(jié)果;補(bǔ)充說明部份放在最后一個(gè)片段。一定要明白，文章 的讀者分為多個(gè)檔次;除了本專業(yè)的專業(yè)人士讀懂以外，一定要想辦法能讓更多的外專業(yè)人讀懂。所以可以把討論部份分為兩部份，一部份提出觀點(diǎn)，另一部份詳細(xì) 介紹過程以及論述的依據(jù)。這樣專業(yè)外的人士可以了解文章的主要觀點(diǎn)，比較專業(yè)的討論他可以把它當(dāng)成黑箱子，而這一部份本專業(yè)人士可以進(jìn)一步研究。
C. 討論部分包括什么內(nèi)容?
(1)主要數(shù)據(jù)及其特征的總結(jié);(2)主要結(jié)論及與前人觀點(diǎn)的對(duì)比;(3) 本文的不足。對(duì)第三點(diǎn)，
一般作者看來不可取，但事實(shí)上給出文章的不足恰恰是保護(hù)自己文章的重要手段。如果刻意隱藏文章的漏洞，覺得別人看不出來，是非常不明智的。所謂不足，包括以下內(nèi)容：(1)研究的問題有點(diǎn)片面，討論時(shí)一定要說，It should be noted that this study has examined only……We concentrate (focus) on only……We have to point out that we do not……Some limitatio ns of this study are……(2)結(jié)論有些不足，The results do not imply……The results can not be used to determine(or be taken as evidence of)……Unfortunately, we can not determine this from this data……Our results are lack of……但指出這些不足之后，一定要馬上再次加強(qiáng)本文的重要性以及可能采取的手段來解決這些不足，為別人或者自己的下一步研究打下伏筆。Not withstanding its limitation, this study does suggest……However, these problems could be solved if we co nsider……Despite its preliminary character, this study can clearly indicate……用中文來說這是左右逢源，把審稿人想到的問題提前給一個(gè)交代，同時(shí)表明你已經(jīng)在思考這些問題，但是由于文章長(zhǎng)度，試驗(yàn)進(jìn)度或者試驗(yàn)手段的制約，暫時(shí)不能回答這些問題。但通過你的一些建議，這些問題在將來的研究中有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。
3. Others：
A. 為使文章清楚，第一次提出概念時(shí)，最好以括弧給出較詳細(xì)解釋。如文章用了很多Abbreviation可用兩種方法解決：(1) 在文章最后加上個(gè)Appendix，把所有Abbreviation列表;(2)在不同頁(yè)面上不時(shí)地給出Abbreviation的含義，用來提醒讀者。
B. 絕對(duì)不能全面否定前人的成果，即使在你看來前人的結(jié)論完全不對(duì)。這是對(duì)前人工作最起碼的尊重，英文叫做給別人的工作credits.所以文章不要出現(xiàn)非常 negative的評(píng)價(jià)，比如Their results are wrong, very questionable, have no commensence, etc.遇到這類情況，可以婉轉(zhuǎn)地提出：Their studies may be more reasonable if they had……co nsidered this situation.Their results could be better convinced if they……Or Their conclusion may remain some uncertanties.
【SCI論文寫作指南】相關(guān)文章：
醫(yī)學(xué)SCI論文的討論部分寫作指南07-27
sci論文寫作要求09-08
SCI論文寫作的指導(dǎo)08-25
SCI論文寫作詳解07-27
SCI論文寫作指導(dǎo)08-23
SCI論文寫作攻略07-14
SCI論文寫作寶典06-09
SCI論文寫作攻略04-26
SCI論文寫作經(jīng)驗(yàn)10-17