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SCI論文寫作技巧之數(shù)字篇
隨心所欲寫論文的境界是很難達到的,但是中規(guī)中矩還是可以的,那么SCI論文中有些什么小的規(guī)矩呢?今天先來講講SCI論文中涉及數(shù)字的時候需要注意點什么,希望對你有幫助。
(溫馨提示: 這里主要基于ACS style,其他出版社可能略有區(qū)別, 請千萬注意)
1. 除了%, $, 和角度單位o, ‘, “之外,使用其他量度或時間單位時,數(shù)字和單位之間必須有空格。
錯誤用法:10mg, 錯誤原因:10和mg之間應(yīng)該加上空格;
20 %, 錯誤原因:20和%之間不能有空格。
$ 250, 錯誤原因:$和250之間不能有空格。
正確用法:10 mg, 100 mL, 30 mol, 20 mm, 10%, 30o15’33”,$250, 50 oC.
2. 當沒有特別技術(shù)含義(nontechnical sense)時,不需要采用數(shù)字加單位的形式,相反,應(yīng)該將數(shù)字及單位拼寫出來
舉例:If you take five minutes to read this article, you’ll be surprised.
3. 除了時間和量度單位之外,其他物理量的表示方法如下:
1) 基數(shù)小于10時,采用單詞來表示數(shù)值;當基數(shù)大于等于10時,采用數(shù)字來表示;
舉例:three flasks 30 flasks
seven trees 20 trees
2) 序數(shù)小于10時,采用單詞”first”到”ninth”來表示;序數(shù)大于等于10時,采用數(shù)字10th等來表示。
舉例:six fold 20-fold
eighth example 33rd example
first century 21st century
3) 當一組數(shù)值中包含一個數(shù)字大于等于10時,所有數(shù)值都用數(shù)字表示。
舉例:5, 8 and 12 experiments 2nd and 20th samples
4) 當一個句子的并列結(jié)構(gòu)中包含多個數(shù)值時,如果其中一個數(shù)值大于等于10,所有數(shù)值都用數(shù)字來表示
舉例:Activity was reduced in 2 pairs, not significantly changed in 11 pairs,and increased in 6 pairs.
5) 當一個非常大的數(shù)值沒有特殊的技術(shù)性含義時,采用數(shù)字和單詞組合的形式。
舉例:180 million people
$15 million (not 15 million dollars)
2 million pounds (not lb)
4.數(shù)值的數(shù)字單位拼寫
1)當一個句子以具體數(shù)值開始時,將數(shù)字和單位都要拼寫出來,
舉例:Twelve species were evaluated in this study.
Twenty-five milliliters of acetone were added, and the mixture was centrifuged.
但是如果有可能,盡量重新排布句子結(jié)構(gòu)以避免用具體數(shù)值作為句子的開頭;
Acetone (25 mL) was added, and the mixture was centrifuged.
A 25mL portion of acetone was added, and the mixture was centrifuged.
2)只有開頭數(shù)值的數(shù)字和單位拼寫需要拼寫出來,句子中其他位置的數(shù)值不需要拼寫出來,應(yīng)該采用正確的數(shù)字+單位形式
舉例:Twenty-five milliliters of acetone and 5 mL of HCl were added.
Three micrograms of sample was dissolved in 20 mL of acid.
5. 短語中具有數(shù)學(xué)含義(mathematical sense)的數(shù)值用數(shù)字來表示
舉例:The incidence of disease increased by a factor of 4.
The yield of product was decreased by 6 orders of magnitude.
The efficiency of the reaction was increased 2-fold.
After 2 half-lives, the daughter product could be measured.
The control group had 3 times the risk for coloncancer.
The values are determined with 5 degrees of freedom.
6. 當fold,times作為后綴的數(shù)值不具備特殊數(shù)學(xué)含義時,如果數(shù)值小于10,將該數(shù)字拼寫出來
舉例:The purpose of this discussion is two fold.
The beaker was rinsed four times.
7. 比例中,必須采用數(shù)字
舉例:a ratio of 1:10; a ratio of 1/10; a 1:1 (v/v) mixture
8.數(shù)字表示日期
1)數(shù)字表示日期時,不要加序數(shù)詞尾
舉例:January 3, Jan 3 (not January 3rd, Jan 3rd)
September 5, Sept 5 (not September 5th, Sept 5th)
2)通過數(shù)字表示十年時,直接在數(shù)字后面加s, 而不是's.
舉例:the 1960s (not the 1960's, not the'60s)
values in the 90s (not the 90's)
She is in her 20s. (not her 20's)
3) a.m.和p.m. (注意寫法)前用數(shù)字
例如:12:00 p.m.
9. 當分數(shù)中分子分母都小于10時,將分子分母都用單詞拼寫出來,并用 "-"連接起來; 如果有一項大于或者等于10,則采用數(shù)字分數(shù)形式
舉例:two-thirds of the results;one-quarter of the experiments
¹⁄₂₀ of the subjects; ¹⁄₁₂ of the volume.
10. 用來表示并列句子和短語時,采用(1),(2), (3)而不是1), 2), 3).
舉例:Some advantages of these materials are (1) their electrical properties after pyrolysis, (2) their ability to be modified chemically before pyrolysis, and (3) their abundance and low cost.
11. 當數(shù)值特別大時,應(yīng)該采用科學(xué)計數(shù)法來避免超過四位數(shù)
舉例:1.2 × 106 s 3.0 × 104 kg
5.8× 10–5 M or 58 µM 42.3 L (not 42,300 mL or 42 300 mL)
在一些例外中,即便有的情況下有數(shù)字超過4位數(shù)也應(yīng)該沿用。
1)表格中,為了保證每一列的單位一致;
2)使用約定俗成的單位;
液體密度:g/L 固體密度:kg/m3
彈性模量:GPa 液體壓力:kPa 應(yīng)力:MPa
12. 不要采用E來表示10的指數(shù)
舉例:3.7× 105 (not 3.7e5, 3.7E+5)
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