英文摘要中語態(tài)和時態(tài)的用法

英文摘要的字?jǐn)?shù)大多數(shù)期刊規(guī)定不超過250個詞，內(nèi)容應(yīng)與中文摘要對應(yīng)。論文中，一般少用第一人稱和主動語態(tài)，多用第三人稱和被動語態(tài)，用以體現(xiàn)敘述客觀事實。所用時態(tài)需與事情發(fā)生時間一致，敘述基本規(guī)律時可用現(xiàn)在時，敘述研究對象、方法和結(jié)果時，用過去時。舉例如下。

　　Objective:The purpose of this study was to determine whether an in hospital transportable CT scanner can provide diagnostic brain images and to compare the quality of these images with those from a convertional fixed? platform CT scanner.

　　Subjects and Methods:Twenty seven patients with known or suspected intracranial pathology underwent imaging on a transportable scanner and a fixed? platform scanner within 1hr of each other.Images from each CT examination were evaluated independently by two neuroradiologists who were unaware of patient history.Conspicuousness of intracranial pathology and normal anatomy were rated on a 5? point scale (1 point 'optimal;5 points'poor or not visualized).Statistical comparisons were made using nonparametric tests.

　　Results:Seven CT scans were interpreted as showing normal findings and 20 scans revealed intracranial pathology on both CT scanners.Image quality was higher on the fixed scanner(average rating'2.42 points'SE=0.12)than on the transportable scanner(average rating'3.10   points'SE=0.12(p=0.001).Depiction of the cerebellum'midbrain'and supratentorial gray? white matter was better on the fixed scanner(p＜0.05＝.However'we found no significant differences in detection of intracranial pathology between scanners.Both radiologists found images from both scanners to bediagnostic in all 27 patients.

　　Conclusion:Images of the brain on the transportable CT scanner were less clear than those on a fixed scanner.However'images from the transportable CT scanner were diagnostic in 27 consecutivepatients.The implications of this finding are important for the provision of CT services for critically ill patients who cannot be transported to the radiology department.

　　上面是AJR(美國放射學(xué)雜志)中一段完整的英文摘要，從中可以看出其特點：①用詞簡練、準(zhǔn)確；②時態(tài)為過去時；③不用第一人稱，多用被動語態(tài)；④方法和結(jié)果中強(qiáng)調(diào)方法及數(shù)據(jù)。對母語非的作者來說，撰寫英文摘要的質(zhì)量好壞直接與作者的英文水平有關(guān)，在這方面，只有多閱讀英文文獻(xiàn)，才能提高英文水平，從而寫出高質(zhì)量的英文摘要。

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