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如何寫五段式論文的提綱
論文提綱是作者構(gòu)思謀篇的具體體現(xiàn)。便于作者有條理地安排材料、展開(kāi)論證。那么應(yīng)該如何寫論文提綱呢?下面大家就隨小編一起去看看五段式論文的提綱是如何寫的吧!
五段式論文outline的格式:
毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),五段式的論文通常都是五個(gè)段落(^.^),而對(duì)于每個(gè)段的內(nèi)容分配,則是如下這樣:
段1:令人眼前一亮的introduction和一個(gè)涵蓋你的論文所有重點(diǎn)的these statement.
段2:觀點(diǎn)A + 3個(gè)支持論據(jù)
段3:觀點(diǎn)B + 3個(gè)支持論據(jù)
段4:觀點(diǎn)C + 3個(gè)支持論據(jù)
段5:結(jié)尾總結(jié),與你的these statement和論據(jù)相呼應(yīng)
現(xiàn)在,你對(duì)五段式essay和其outline有一個(gè)框架上的大致了解了,那么,下面講到的內(nèi)容會(huì)讓你能夠更加從容的編撰五段式outline
7個(gè)寫五段式essay與outline的步驟讓你寫出出色的essay
Step 1: 確定你論文的主題(topic)
通常,你的老師在給你留一篇五段式的論文時(shí)也會(huì)一并給你論文的topic對(duì)此我的建議是你的introduction要遵從老師給你的topic,而你進(jìn)行整體寫作時(shí),也需時(shí)刻follow你老師給你的topic
舉個(gè)例子,老師給你的topic通常會(huì)是下面這樣的:
What are the arguments for or against writing a 5-paragraph essay? Should teachers continue requesting this writing method from students?
Step 2: 確定你的立場(chǎng)
你要從中找到你的立場(chǎng),當(dāng)你確定你的立場(chǎng)后,你就要從你學(xué)校的資料庫(kù)或者網(wǎng)上材料找到足夠的論據(jù)來(lái)支持你的論點(diǎn)要注意的是你在寫essay之前一定要確認(rèn)你的立場(chǎng)(比如你是否同意這個(gè)觀點(diǎn),一定是是或者否,或者一定從topic的兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)中選出其中一個(gè)),否則,你的論文將無(wú)法繼續(xù)
我還要借用上面給出的例子,我要選取的觀點(diǎn)是against the 5-paragraph writing
Step 3: 寫出一個(gè)清晰的thesis statement
依然借用例子,我剛才所選擇的觀點(diǎn)是against the 5-paragraph writing,因此,我的thesis statement必然是Teachers should stop teaching students to write 5-paragraph essays.在寫thesis statement時(shí),你的thesis需明確且清晰此外,should這個(gè)詞在thesis statement中的使用會(huì)使句子更加有力度比如在我的thesis里,Teachers should stop teaching students to write 5-paragraph essays要比5-paragraph essay are boring或類似的句子更加能明確我的立場(chǎng)也更有力
Step 4: 給出三個(gè)論點(diǎn)來(lái)強(qiáng)化你的thesis
現(xiàn)在你需要三個(gè)論點(diǎn)來(lái)支撐你的thesis,還是借用上面的例子,我的三個(gè)論點(diǎn)如下:
論點(diǎn)A: The 5-paragraph essay is too basic
論點(diǎn)B: There are myriad other ways to write essays, many of which are more thought-provoking and creative than the 5-paragraph essay.
論點(diǎn)C: The 5-paragraph essay does not allow for analytical thinking, rather, it confines students to following a restrictive formula
Step 5: 給你的每個(gè)論點(diǎn)找出三個(gè)論據(jù)
你的論據(jù)需要包括相應(yīng)的證明,數(shù)據(jù)或者事實(shí)根據(jù)
用我們上面的論點(diǎn)A來(lái)做例子:
論點(diǎn)A: The 5-paragraph essay is too basic
Support 1A: Chicago teacher Ray Salazar says, The five-paragraph essay is rudimentary, unengaging, and useless.
Support 2A: Elizabeth Guzik of California State University, Long Beach says, The five paragraph essay encourages students to engage only on the surface level without attaining the level of cogency demanded by college writing.
Support 1C: According to an article in Education Week, There is a consensus among college writing professors that students are coming [to college] prepared to do five-paragraph themes and arguments but [are] radically unprepared in thinking analytically.
這里需要注意的是,在五段式文章的寫作中,你的每個(gè)論點(diǎn)最好都要有3個(gè)論據(jù)的支持,也就是說(shuō),你的文章中總共3個(gè)論點(diǎn)9個(gè)論據(jù)
Step 6: 擴(kuò)展你的outline,首先,用一個(gè)hook來(lái)點(diǎn)亮你的introduction部分
當(dāng)你確定你的thesis和你的論點(diǎn)論據(jù)之后,你便可以開(kāi)始擴(kuò)展你的五段式outline的整體構(gòu)架了首先,從你的introduction部分開(kāi)始你的最開(kāi)始需要用一個(gè)hook來(lái)點(diǎn)亮觀者的眼睛例如,對(duì)于我的these來(lái)說(shuō),我的hook可以是下面這樣:
English teachers across the nation have been teaching students to become ineffective writers.
這句話在我的整體文章就像是一個(gè)大膽的聲明,鼓勵(lì)我的文章的讀者繼續(xù)閱讀下文來(lái)找出為何我會(huì)這樣說(shuō)的原因尤其是當(dāng)你的讀著恰恰是你的英語(yǔ)老師時(shí),他會(huì)更加愿意從你的essay中發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)讓他眼前一亮的hook
Step 7: 擴(kuò)展你的結(jié)尾段
當(dāng)你有了整體的outline(大綱)之后,繼續(xù)擴(kuò)展你的結(jié)尾段的conclusion部分會(huì)變得相對(duì)容易關(guān)于擴(kuò)展結(jié)尾總結(jié)段,你第一件需要注意的事情就是不要使用和前面,尤其是和thesis重復(fù)的詞句來(lái)進(jìn)行概括在這一段里,你需要使用不同的詞來(lái)進(jìn)行總結(jié),與前文相呼應(yīng)
以我來(lái)舉例,如果我要為我的整個(gè)五段式論文做最后的總結(jié),也許我會(huì)這樣來(lái)寫:
Teachers should teach other methods of essay writing that help students stay organized and also allow them to think analytically.
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