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英語(yǔ)開(kāi)題報(bào)告怎么寫(xiě)
英語(yǔ)開(kāi)題報(bào)告的書(shū)寫(xiě)與中文相比有哪些不一樣呢？以下是小編整理的英語(yǔ)開(kāi)題報(bào)告怎么寫(xiě)，歡迎參考!
function and application of descriptive translation studies
1 introduction
the intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of descriptive translation studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.
since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. from then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. among these schools is descriptive translation studies (dts).
dts approaches translation from an empirical perspective. translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.
my attention was first directed to dts by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. the subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.
the method of dts is basically descriptive. the prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. translation phenomena are noted down. with accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. i will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.
a convenient tool has been set up to conduct dts. “norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.
the case taken in this thesis is the chinese classic the dream of red mansions. two english versions translated respectively by yang hsien-yi and david hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.
in this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, i hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of dts.
2 outline
2.1 development and major concepts of dts
in this part i will describe holms’ basic map of dts and the relationship between function, process and product. i will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.
2.2 methodolgy
i will in this part discuss the methodology of dts before i apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.
2.3 dts in contrast to other theories
a contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of dts from other theories such as equivalence theory and the chinese xin da ya criteria. some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.
2.4 case study
in this part, translation of the dream of red mansions (also translated as the story of the stone) will be under investigation in light of dts. translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.
2.5 conclusion
based on the above elaboration of dts and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of dts in specific study of translation. suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.
(note: while the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)
拓展閱讀：
開(kāi)題報(bào)告的基本組成部分
1、畢業(yè)論文題目
論文題目用中英文撰寫(xiě)，漢語(yǔ)在前，英語(yǔ)在后。目的是限定畢業(yè)論文的大致范圍和方向，即論題。應(yīng)力求簡(jiǎn)明扼要，引人注目。一般不超過(guò)15—20字。必要時(shí)可使用副標(biāo)題。
2、本選題的研究目的
以中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)法方向?yàn)槔瑒t須說(shuō)明要解決英語(yǔ)教與學(xué)，理論與實(shí)踐等方面的哪些問(wèn)題，這些問(wèn)題應(yīng)是在教學(xué)實(shí)踐中比較突出又難以解決的問(wèn)題；或是前人從未解決的，并且能填補(bǔ)某一領(lǐng)域的空白的問(wèn)題。
3、本選題在國(guó)內(nèi)外同行業(yè)中的研究現(xiàn)狀
國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)該選題曾作過(guò)哪些方面的相關(guān)研究，本課題在國(guó)內(nèi)外研究中處于何等地位？是屬于未開(kāi)拓的領(lǐng)域，還是在前人已經(jīng)研究過(guò)的基礎(chǔ)上作深層次的研究？國(guó)內(nèi)外有哪些論文、論著涉及到本選題的內(nèi)容？
4、研究本選題的動(dòng)機(jī)及意義
提出本選題的根據(jù)是什么？為什么提出這個(gè)選題？本選題的研究有什么意義？從理論的角度看，本選題有哪些方面的突破，其價(jià)值取向是什么？本選題與相關(guān)領(lǐng)域之間的關(guān)系如何？對(duì)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)會(huì)起什么作用？從實(shí)踐的角度看，本選題是否有助于英語(yǔ)教師和學(xué)生把握教與學(xué)的動(dòng)向，使人們?cè)谟⒄Z(yǔ)教與學(xué)的過(guò)程中少走彎路，是否有利于提高英語(yǔ)教學(xué)質(zhì)量？
5、本選題研究的主要觀點(diǎn)、內(nèi)容、重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)
本選題研究有哪幾個(gè)重要觀點(diǎn)，其特點(diǎn)是什么？研究的重點(diǎn)在哪幾個(gè)方面？研究的難點(diǎn)在何處？怎樣從理論與實(shí)踐出發(fā)，對(duì)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)進(jìn)行更深入的理論探討？如何結(jié)合英語(yǔ)教學(xué)實(shí)際對(duì)改進(jìn)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)作對(duì)策思考？本選題有哪幾個(gè)新觀點(diǎn)？是否填補(bǔ)了國(guó)內(nèi)外同行業(yè)研究中的空白？
6、本選題的撰寫(xiě)框架
框架可用提綱形式表述，一般構(gòu)成如下：
引言：提出問(wèn)題、擺明觀點(diǎn)。
論點(diǎn)：分析問(wèn)題與闡明自己的觀點(diǎn)。大致包括：?jiǎn)栴}的原因及危害性；解決問(wèn)題的重要性和必要性；從理論上來(lái)論證問(wèn)題的解決方法，并聯(lián)系教學(xué)實(shí)際闡述解決問(wèn)題的策略與做法。另外，利用實(shí)際數(shù)據(jù)作為論據(jù)，證明方法的有效性。
結(jié)論：通過(guò)對(duì)問(wèn)題的分析論證，其結(jié)果如何？對(duì)人們?cè)谟⒄Z(yǔ)教與學(xué)中有何指導(dǎo)意義？有哪些方面需要繼續(xù)研究的？它還有什么不足之處？
參考書(shū)目：參考書(shū)目一般是英文參考書(shū)在前，中文參考書(shū)在后，以字母拼音順序排列。
7、研究基礎(chǔ)
作者在選擇該題之前作過(guò)哪些方面的學(xué)習(xí)、研究或?qū)戇^(guò)什么文章？說(shuō)明能如期完成畢業(yè)論文撰寫(xiě)的理由。
8、研究方法
常見(jiàn)的研究方法包括：觀察、調(diào)查、描述、實(shí)驗(yàn)、實(shí)證、文獻(xiàn)、個(gè)案研究、比較研究、經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié)、實(shí)踐反思、測(cè)量、量化、行動(dòng)研究、表列、圖示、內(nèi)容分析等方法。例如：實(shí)驗(yàn)的方法就是對(duì)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)班級(jí)進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)比；調(diào)查的方法就是通過(guò)調(diào)查表、詢(xún)問(wèn)、問(wèn)答等形式尋找解決問(wèn)題的方法。
一個(gè)課題根據(jù)具體情況可能需要一種或多種研究方法。
9、撰寫(xiě)步驟及階段任務(wù)
包括：選題及開(kāi)題報(bào)告初稿、正式開(kāi)題報(bào)告及提綱、完成初稿、二稿、三稿、定稿等、何時(shí)論文答辯等。
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