醫(yī)學(xué)科研論文格式
醫(yī)學(xué)論文是醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)研究工作的重要組成部分，下面是小編搜集整理的醫(yī)學(xué)科研論文格式，歡迎閱讀查看。
一、標(biāo)題
(一)要求
1.簡明扼要(short and concise)
(1)盡量控制在一行，但不是一個句子
(2)不超過25個單詞或120-140個字母
(3)除DNA、RNA、CT等不用縮寫
2.信息豐富(informative)
3.便于索引(indexing)
4.較長標(biāo)題可采用副標(biāo)題
(二)標(biāo)題寫作中常用詞組和表達(dá)方式
1.用…(方法/手段)對…進(jìn)行研究/分析/觀察/評價：
Study(analysis/observation/evaluation/assessment) of (on) … (by) using 方法/with工具)
2.A對B的作用
Effort of A on B
Protective effect of omeprazole onendothelin-induced gastric mucosal injury
3.A與B的關(guān)系
Correlation (relation/relationship) betweenA and B
Correlation of A with B and C
常用修飾詞：positively/negatively/significantly/insignificantly
4.用…治療…
Use of …in the treatment of …(病)in …(生物)
Use of omeprazole in the treatment ofgastric ulcer in the elderly
5.A是B Aas B
二、著錄部分書寫
(一)姓名
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)式：WANG aobang，HUANG aobang，GUO Xiao’an
(二) 地址
800 Xiang Yin Road, Shanghai200433, P.R.China
(三)資助
A project funded by the National “863”Program
三、摘要的分類與格式
摘要是作者要給讀者的精華，分兩大類：
(一)指示性摘要
(二)資料性摘要
1.非結(jié)構(gòu)式摘要
缺點(diǎn)：段落不明，給編輯、審稿、閱讀和計(jì)算機(jī)處理帶來諸多不便
2.全結(jié)構(gòu)式摘要(8要素摘要)
(1)目的
(2)設(shè)計(jì)
(3)地點(diǎn)
(4)對象
(5)處理
(6)主要測定項(xiàng)目
(7)結(jié)果
(8)結(jié)論
全結(jié)構(gòu)式摘要的優(yōu)點(diǎn)
(1)觀點(diǎn)更明確
(2)信息量更大
(3)差錯更少
(4)符合計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)庫建立和使用的要求
全結(jié)構(gòu)式摘要的缺點(diǎn)：煩瑣、重復(fù)、篇幅過長
3.半結(jié)構(gòu)式摘要(四要素摘要)
(1)目的(objective/purpose/aim)
(2)方法(methods)
(3)結(jié)果(results)
(4)結(jié)論(conclusion)
目的：是作者想要介紹的關(guān)鍵問題
一、目的格式
(一)單表目的
(二)背景+目的
二、目的常用時態(tài)
(一)背景：現(xiàn)在時(一般現(xiàn)在時、完成時和進(jìn)行時)
(二)目的：一般現(xiàn)在時/現(xiàn)在完成時，或一般過去時
舉例：
(1)Toevaluate the effects on 24-hour intragastric pH levels of infusions withomeprazole and H2 receptor antagonists in bleeding duodenal ulcer patients.
(2)Therole of omeprazole in triple therapy and the impact of Helicobacter pylori resistanceon treatment outcome are not established. This study investigated the role ofomeprazole and influence of primary H. pylori resistance on eradication anddevelopment of secondary resistance.
三、介紹目的常用句型
主要用動詞不定式to表達(dá)
1.直接用to do短語表達(dá)
舉例：To determine if use ofomeprazole protects against the gastric mucosal injury
2.Thepurpose/aim/objective/goal(of present study is)was to
舉例：The aim of this study was todetermine the protective function of omeprazole on gastric mucosal injury
3.The present study is /was designed/devised/intended to
舉例：The present study wasdesigned to establish whether there might be a genetic predisposition to analtered pattern of anti-inflammatory cytokine produced in patients withirritable bowel syndrome
4.This study wasperformed/conducted/carried out/undertaken to
舉例：An experimental study wasconducted using a canine mode to elucidate …
5.We aimed/sought to/attemptedto
舉例：We sought to assess whetherthere is an increased risk of tuberculosis among individuals who work incertain industries occupations.
四、介紹目的常用動詞
1.研究：study, investigate,examine, observe, explore
舉例：Our objective in this reportis to examine the clinical feature, pathology and treatment for patients withpancreatic cancer.
2.評價：evaluate, validate
舉例：To evaluate sonography as atool for initial diagnosis in emergency room patients with abdominal trauma.
3.確定：determine, decide, confirm,support, define, characterize
4.證實(shí)：prove, demonstrate, document,test, support, testify, verify
5.闡明、搞清：explain, elucidate,clarify, illustrate, delineate, find out, contribute to the knowledge of
6.介紹：describe, present, report
7.建立：establish, develop, set out
8.尋找：search for, look for, seek,find
9.識別、區(qū)分：identify, differentiate,discriminate
10.優(yōu)選：optimize
11.比較：compare
12.回顧：review
13.相關(guān)：correlate A with B
方法部分
(1)研究設(shè)計(jì)
(2)研究對象的特性
(3)干預(yù)或處理方法
(4)測定或觀察方法
一、 研究對象的選擇、來源及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
1.納入研究：were entered into/enrolledin/selected (randomly)
舉例：A total of 169 patients wereincluded in the study, 83 of whom received……
2.排除或退出研究：were excluded fromparticipation，withdrew from the study due to/because to
舉例：……Patients with significantaortic valvular diseases were excluded.
二、 研究對象的分組
1.……were dividedinto/classified/grouped into
2.……were dividedrandomly/randomized into
3.…… were divided equally into
舉例：Patients were divided intothree groups: Group 1…… Patients (n = 539) with ahistory of duodenal ulcer and a positive H. pylori screening test result wererandomized into 4 groups. OAC group received 20 mg omeprazole, ……
三、 年齡
1.某一年齡
舉例：A 50-year-old patient.Patients (age 26±3 years).
2.在某年齡范圍內(nèi)及平均年齡
舉例：Patients range in age from …to…, with a mean of (50 years).
3.在某一年齡以上或以下
舉例：Patients more than 50 years.Patients under/less than 50 years.
四、 性別、時間
1.性別
twelve patients (7 male and 5 female )
The male-to-female ratio was 1:4
2.時間
Body weight was measured weekly, and liverbiopsy was obtained at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. ……
五、 診斷與治療
1.診斷
be diagnosed as having …
be diagnosed as …by …/with …®be suspectedas …
2.治療
be treated with…(alone or in combinationwith …)
be treated on outpatient/inpatient basis
舉例：
(1)Patients(n = 539) with a history of duodenal ulcer and a positive H. pylori screeningtest result were randomized into 4groups. OAC group received 20 mg omeprazole,…
(2)50patients with active bleeding duodenal ulcer were randomly assigned to receiveone of the four treatment regimens. …
結(jié)果部分
1.是文章結(jié)論的根據(jù)
2.應(yīng)記錄真實(shí)的科研數(shù)據(jù)
3.除指示性說明外，一般用過去時表示
常用句型
1.結(jié)果表明：The results showed /demonstrated / revealed / documented / indicated/suggested…that…®It was found that…
舉例：The results showed that highthigh cuff Doppler technique was 79 percent sensitive, 56 percent specific and63 percent accurate.
2.與…有關(guān)：A was related /correlated /associated with B. There was a relationship /correlation between Aand B. There was a relation of A with B and C
舉例：Insulin sensitivity indexwas negatively with blood velocity (r=0.530, P<0.05), body mass index(r=o.563, P<0.01) and baseline insulinemia (r=0.489, P<0.05)
3.增加或減少
(1)表示數(shù)值增加的'動詞：increase, rise, elevate
(2)表示數(shù)值增加的名詞：increase, increment, elevation
(3)表示數(shù)值減少的動詞：decrease, reduce, fall, drop, decline, lower
(4)表示數(shù)值減少的名詞：decrease, decrement, reduction, fall, drop, decline, lowering
(5)從…增加到…，平均增加…：increase from …to …,with a mean/average (increase) of …
(6)從…增加到…，總的增加…：increase from …to …,with an overall increase of …
(7)增加了10%：increase by (10%)
4.倍數(shù)比較
(1)增加或減少3倍：increase by 3 fold (times). a 3-foldincrease
(2)A 是 B的3倍：A is 3 fold(times) as…as B. A is 3 fold (times) B
5.結(jié)果的統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義
(1)明顯不同(significant difference)
(2)很明顯不同(very/highly significant difference)
(3)區(qū)別不明顯( insignificant difference)
(4)無區(qū)別(nonsignificant difference/no difference)
6.統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義常用句型
(1)Therewas/is significant difference in…between A and B
(2)Thedifference in …between A and B was/is significant
(3)Awas/is significant difference from B in …
(4)Nosignificant difference was found / observed / noted in …between A and B
“in” 表示區(qū)分的性質(zhì)或內(nèi)容
舉例：
�、賂here were no significantdifference between treatment groups in symptoms and lung function (P>0.05).
②Significant difference werenot noted in the level of HDL cholesterol, and LDL peak particle diameterbefore and after treatment.
結(jié)論部分：是作者發(fā)表觀點(diǎn)和見解，給讀者的精髓部分
1.歸納性說明研究結(jié)果或發(fā)現(xiàn)
2.結(jié)論性說明結(jié)果的可能原因、機(jī)理或意義
3.前瞻性說明未解決的問題
一、結(jié)論部分時態(tài)
1.過去時
(1)涉及本研究的內(nèi)容
(2)涉及他人研究過程的內(nèi)容
(3)作者認(rèn)為只適用于本研究環(huán)境和條件的結(jié)論
2.現(xiàn)在時
(1)指示性說明
(2)普遍接受的思想、理論或結(jié)論
(3)作者認(rèn)為本研究結(jié)論具有普遍意義
(4)前瞻性說明
舉例：Our findings indicate thathepatitis C is a progressive disease [指示性說明-現(xiàn)在時]，but only a few died during the average20.4 years after the initiation of injection drug use [本試驗(yàn)過程中發(fā)生的事-過去時]. Antiviral treatment to eradicate thevirus and halt the progression of diseases is indicated in this group ofpatients [作者認(rèn)為具有普遍意義的結(jié)論-現(xiàn)在時].
二、 結(jié)論部分常用句型
1.結(jié)果提示…：These results suggestthat…
舉例：These data confirm thepresence of at least two major HCV genotypes in Nigeria.
2.結(jié)果支持或反對某種觀點(diǎn)：These resultssupport the idea that…;These results fail to supportthe idea that…
舉例：These results do not supportthe idea that treatment to lower cholesterol concentration cause mooddisturbance.
3.表示觀點(diǎn)的確定或不確定性：There is noevidence that…;It is likely/unlikely that …
舉例：There is no evidence thatNIDDM produce any change in bone metabolism or mass.
4.具有…意義：Be of great(some/little/no) clinical significance in…to …
舉例：The detection of p53 gene isof great clinical significance in tumor diagnosis.
5.前瞻性說明：…remain to be furtherstudied;It is remains to be proved that …
舉例：However, the relation ofinsulin resistance to hypertension remains to be further studied.
6.插入語：This is the first case ofpancreas divisum.
舉例：This is the first case, toour knowledge, of pancreas divisum.
小結(jié)
中文是關(guān)鍵
符合英語習(xí)慣
不用簡單句
注意詞語的用法
注意時態(tài)
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